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1.
Nizami Cummins 《Personal and Ubiquitous Computing》2002,6(5-6):362-370
This paper investigates how many users of commercial interactive systems are not properly agents within the interactive narrative,
largely due to the dynamics of branding in cyberspace. Parallels are drawn between the dynamic personalization of e-CRM engines
and context aware computing systems. Several seminal games are discussed as examples of systems in which very different relationships
exist between users and the system. Arguments are made for designing e-commerce interactive systems that install into games,
inside the game narrative.
Correspondence to: Ms N. Cummins, Preject Brand Communications Consultancy, Unit P, Carlton Works Studios, Asylum Road, London SE15 2SB, UK.
Email: nizami@preject.com 相似文献
2.
In this polemical essay the authors ask whether computerisation has become the neurosis of our age. By comparing the application
of IT methodologies with ritual behaviour within human social institutions, they propose that the so-called rationality of
management science, with its tidy benchmarking, auditing, categorisation and performance measurements etc., is actually a
pseudo-science. They show that from the position of Nietzschean epistemology, this rationality is merely a false claim to
the instrumental efficacy of data modelling, that is indistinguishable from the rain-dancing of primitive tribes. 相似文献
3.
4.
From Non-Functional Requirements to Design through Patterns 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
5.
Karamjit S. Gill 《AI & Society》2002,16(3):252-277
Knowledge networking in the cross-cultural setting here focuses on promoting a culture of shared communication, values and
knowledge, seeking cooperation through valorisation of diversity. The process is seen here in terms of creating new alliances
of creators, users, mediators and facilitators of knowledge. At the global level, knowledge networking is seen as a symbiotic
relationship between local and global knowledge resources. This focus is informed by the human-centred vision of the information
society, which seeks a symbiotic relationship between technology and society. It explores the nature of the knowledge in transition,
raising issues of technology and knowledge transfer in the local–global context. The notions of human–machine symbiosis and
of diversity and coherence provide a handle to explore the role of technology for sustainable development. The centrality
of knowledge in stimulating knowledge networking for cross-cultural collaboration is illustrated through an exemplar of an
EU–India Cross-Cultural Innovation Network project, a collaboration between European and Indian universities and institutes. 相似文献
6.
Published online: 14 May 2002 相似文献
7.
8.
Massimo Mecella Barbara Pernici 《The VLDB Journal The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases》2001,10(1):2-15
Component-based approaches are becoming more and more popular to support Internet-based application development. Different
component modeling approaches, however, can be adopted, obtaining different abstraction levels (either conceptual or operational).
In this paper we present a component-based architecture for the design of e-applications, and discuss the concept of wrapper
components as building blocks for the development of e-services, where these services are based on legacy systems. We discuss
their characteristics and their applicability in Internet-based application development.
Received: 30 October 2000 / Accepted: 9 January 2001 Published online: 28 June 2001 相似文献
9.
Linguistic Problems with Requirements and Knowledge Elicitation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
David C. Sutton 《Requirements Engineering》2000,5(2):114-124
Human and conversational aspects of requirements and knowledge identification are employed to show that requirements ‘engineering’
is not the same as civil engineering or scientific problem solving. Not only can requirements not be made fully explicit at
the start of a project, they cannot be made fully explicit at all. A need is identified to enhance computer-based information
systems (CBIS) development methods to accommodate: plurality of incommensurable perspectives, languages and agendas; dynamic
representations of system features that can be experienced rather than abstracted and forced into an abstract paper-based
representation; recognition that CBIS development is in general a continuous process where users changing their minds is a
natural and necessary indication or organisational vitality.
It is suggested that prototyping and rapid application development go some way to addressing these requirements but that
they require further development in the light of the theoretical light thrown on the nature of the problem. 相似文献
10.
H. Courteney 《Cognition, Technology & Work》2000,2(3):142-153
Cognitive engineering has developed enormously over the last fifteen years. Yet, despite many excellent research projects
and publications, its full potential has not been embraced into mainstream system design. This paper will examine the reasons
for this failure and argue that the problem is not simply inertia or lack of education. There are strong organisational influences
that cause resistance to this particular approach. The discipline itself has characteristics that make it fragile in the modern
corporate structure. In addition, the cognitive engineers themselves are not blameless in the equation. They appear to have
done exactly what they criticise the engineering community for doing: they have packaged their product in a manner that is
not ‘user friendly’ to its target population, not structured to suit its application, and not output in the format required.
Suggestions will be made to rectify the situation: a list of actions is proposed for practising cognitive engineers to make
their product more likely to enjoy widespread uptake. 相似文献
11.
Ajay D. Kshemkalyani 《Distributed Computing》1998,11(4):169-189
Summary. In a distributed system, high-level actions can be modeled by nonatomic events. This paper proposes causality relations between
distributed nonatomic events and provides efficient testing conditions for the relations. The relations provide a fine-grained
granularity to specify causality relations between distributed nonatomic events. The set of relations between nonatomic events
is complete in first-order predicate logic, using only the causality relation between atomic events. For a pair of distributed
nonatomic events X and Y, the evaluation of any of the causality relations requires integer comparisons, where and , respectively, are the number of nodes on which the two nonatomic events X and Y occur. In this paper, we show that this polynomial complexity of evaluation can by simplified to a linear complexity using
properties of partial orders. Specifically, we show that most relations can be evaluated in integer comparisons, some in integer comparisons, and the others in integer comparisons. During the derivation of the efficient testing conditions, we also define special system execution prefixes
associated with distributed nonatomic events and examine their knowledge-theoretic significance.
Received: July 1997 / Accepted: May 1998 相似文献
12.
A major contributor to the failure of information technology-based systems is the problem of understanding user or customer
requirements in the initial analysis and requirements identification stage of development. This paper identifies and describes
an approach to help overcome some of these problems, particularly the mismatch or understanding gap between the customer and
the developer. The approach is intended to be used at the early stages of requirement determination and introduces techniques
from operational research into the process. In particular set theory and Venn diagrams are used as a way of graphically representing
the relationships and gaps in understanding that may exist. The benefit obtained from the use of the technique is partly in
the graphical representations themselves but mainly in the dialogue and negotiation that result from the construction of the
diagrams. The technique has been developed in a research study of retail organisations’ use of information technology in the
UK and an example case study from the sector is used to illustrate and discuss the technique. 相似文献
13.
Francesco Garibaldo 《AI & Society》2002,16(4):305-331
This article, first of all, supports the idea that the undeniable process of ICT-based technological convergence implies
the social, cultural and business unification of the world of media and culture. The poor performance of the megamerger is
a clear indicator of the unstable ground of the convergence hypothesis. Secondly, it argues in favour of cooperation between
different expertise, skills and cultures to make multimedia products or to supply multimedia services, instead of creating
from scratch a brand new class of hybrid skills and professions. Thirdly, a variety of new possible and realistically achievable
professional profiles in cultural industries and institutions are illustrated. Eventually a set of public policies, in the
light of a new role for cities and regions, is developed.
Correspondence and offprint requests to: Francesco Garibaldo, Fondazione ‘Istituto Per il Lavoro (IPL)’, via Marconi 8, 40122 Bologna, Italy. Email: f.garibaldo@ipielle.emr.it 相似文献
14.
A. Schulte 《Cognition, Technology & Work》2002,4(3):146-159
This paper describes an approach to cognitive and cooperative operator assistance in the field of tactical flight mission
management. A framework for a generic functional concept is derived from general considerations of human performance and cognitive
engineering. A system built according to these human-centred design principles will be able to keep up with the change of
situation parameters, in order to provide situational adapted operator assistance. Such a cognitive assistant system represents an approach to ensure the highest degree possible of situation awareness of the flight deck crew as well as a
satisfactory workload level. This generic approach to mission management and crew assistance for military aircraft has been
realised in different application domains such as military transport and air-to-ground attack. The Crew Assistant Military Aircraft is a functional prototype for the air transport application. Even applications in the domain of uninhabited aerial vehicles
(UAV) are in reach. This paper mainly covers one state-of-the-art research and development activity in the domain of combat
aircraft: the TMM – Tactical Mission Management System is an experimental solution for the air-to-ground attack role. The TMM has been implemented as a functional prototype in
the mission avionics experimental cockpit (MAXC), a development flight simulator at ESG and evaluated with German Air Force
pilots as subjects in simulator trials. Therefore, the TMM has been compared with a reference cockpit avionics configuration
in terms of task performance, workload, situation awareness and operator acceptance. After giving an overview of the system
concepts this paper reports on the experimental design and results of the simulator trial campaign. 相似文献
15.
The idea behind sonification is that synthetic non-verbal sounds can represent numerical data and provide support for information
processing activities of many different kinds. This article describes some of the ways that sonification has been used in
assistive technologies, remote collaboration, engineering analyses, scientific visualisations, emergency services and aircraft
cockpits. Approaches for designing sonifications are surveyed, and issues raised by the existing approaches and applications
are outlined. Relations are drawn to other areas of knowledge where similar issues have also arisen, such as human-computer
interaction, scientific visualisation, and computer music. At the end is a list of resources that will help you delve further
into the topic. 相似文献
16.
ScholOnto: an ontology-based digital library server for research documents and discourse 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Simon Buckingham Shum Enrico Motta John Domingue 《International Journal on Digital Libraries》2000,3(3):237-248
The internet is rapidly becoming the first place for researchers to publish documents, but at present they receive little
support in searching, tracking, analysing or debating concepts in a literature from scholarly perspectives. This paper describes
the design rationale and implementation of ScholOnto, an ontology-based digital library server to support scholarly interpretation and discourse. It enables researchers to describe
and debate via a semantic network the contributions a document makes, and its relationship to the literature. The paper discusses
the computational services that an ontology-based server supports, alternative user interfaces to support interaction with
a large semantic network, usability issues associated with knowledge formalisation, new work practices that could emerge,
and related work.
Published online: 22 September 2000 相似文献
17.
As feedback from Three Mile Island No. 2, a large amount of human–machine interface (HMI) design has been proposed to support
operators during accidents by presenting information on plant status, some of which is implemented in commercial nuclear power
plants (NPPs). However, it has not yet been discussed what role HMI should play under conditions where operators must take
action as instructed under emergency operating procedure. Regarding this principal issue, an HMI design is proposed together
with specific screen images. The advantage of this design is based on the involvement of an ex-operator in NPP in this paper.
The participation of users in the design of HMI has been rare. Accordingly the proposed HMI is comprehensive for average operators
and is expected to be acceptable for future implementation in commercial NPPs. The effectiveness of the proposed HMI has been
examined in a small experiment. 相似文献
18.
Claus B. Madsen 《Machine Vision and Applications》1997,9(5-6):291-303
The paper presents an analysis of the stability of pose estimation. Stability is defined as sensitivity of the pose parameters
towards noise in image features used for estimating pose. The specific emphasis of the analysis is on determining {how the
stability varies with viewpoint} relative to an object and to understand the relationships between object geometry, viewpoint,
and pose stability. Two pose estimation techniques are investigated. One uses a numerical scheme for finding pose parameters;
the other is based on closed form solutions. Both are “pose from trihedral vertices” techniques, which provide the rotation
part of object pose based on orientations of three edge segments. The analysis is based on generalized sensitivity analysis
propagating the uncertainty in edge segment orientations to the resulting effect on the pose parameters. It is shown that
there is a precomputable, generic relationship between viewpoint and pose stability, and that there is a drastic difference
in stability over the range of viewpoints. This viewpoint variation is shared by the two investigated techniques. Additionally,
the paper offers an explicit way to determine the most robust viewpoints directly for any given vertex model. Experiments
on real images show that the results of the work can be used to compute the variance in pose parameters for any given pose.
For the predicted {instable} viewpoints the variance in pose parameters is on the order of 20 (degrees squared), whereas the
variance for robust viewpoints is on the order of 0.05 (degrees squared), i.e., two orders of magnitude difference. 相似文献
19.
Published online: 14 February 2003 相似文献
20.
Model checking JAVA programs using JAVA PathFinder 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Klaus Havelund Thomas Pressburger 《International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT)》2000,2(4):366-381
This paper describes a translator called Java PathFinder (Jpf), which translates from Java to Promela, the modeling language
of the Spin model checker. Jpf translates a given Java program into a Promela model, which then can be model checked using
Spin. The Java program may contain assertions, which are translated into similar assertions in the Promela model. The Spin
model checker will then look for deadlocks and violations of any stated assertions. Jpf generates a Promela model with the
same state space characteristics as the Java program. Hence, the Java program must have a finite and tractable state space.
This work should be seen in a broader attempt to make formal methods applicable within NASA’s areas such as space, aviation,
and robotics. The work is a continuation of an effort to formally analyze, using Spin, a multi-threaded operating system for
the Deep-Space 1 space craft, and of previous work in applying existing model checkers and theorem provers to real applications. 相似文献