软件开发技术

软件工程是一门年轻的学科,虽然软件开发模型和结构化方法等技术在70年代广为流行,但这些技术还需要进一步研究的问题,并且有些实际问题有待解决;另一方面,软件工程又是一门迅速发展更新的学科,新观点、新技术和新方法近年来层出不穷。当前,软件过程研究及企业软件开发过程改善已经成为与技术研究同等重要的课题。一个基本的共识是:软件过程的改善和软件模式的应用两方面的无缝结合将是软件工程发展的主流,同时也是解决软件危机的主要途径。     

软件开发技术

软件工程是一门年轻的学科,虽然软件开发模型和结构化方法等技术在70年代广为流行,但这些技术还需要进一步研究的问题,并且有些实际问题有待解决;另一方面,软件工程又是一门迅速发展更新的学科,新观点、新技术和新方法近年来层出不穷。当前,软件过程研究及企业软件开发过程改善已经成为与技术研究同等重要的课题。一个基本的共识是：软件过程的改善和软件模式的应用两方面的无缝结合将是软件工程发展的主流,同时也是解决软件危机的主要途径。     

Guest Editors' Introduction: Software Engineering Curriculum Development

The first software engineering programs were at the graduate level, primarily as terminal master's degrees for those already developing commercial and industrial software. By the early 1990s, educators began to consider software engineering's role at the undergraduate level. This special issue's articles reflect the common foundations of both baccalaureate and master's programs as well as diverse approaches to teaching software engineering. This article is part of a special issue on Software Engineering Curriculum Development.     

软件工程专业教育知识体系的分析、重构与求精

针对国内软件工程专业教育问题,全面分析国际软件工程专业教育知识体系SEEK和CBOK,并结合对国内高校教学实际的调查,提出软件工程本科教育知识体系的重构与求精方案。重构后的本科教育知识体系可以灵活适应国内各层次高校软件工程专业的教学诉求,并与国际研究生教育知识体系CBOK有效衔接,共同组成完整的软件工程教育知识体系,为我国软件工程教育设计者提供参考。     

Representing Software Engineering Knowledge

We argue that one important role that Artificial Intelligence can play in Software Engineering is to act as a source of ideas about representing knowledge that can improve the state-of-the-art in software information management, rather than just building intelligent computer assistants. Among others, such techniques can lead to new approaches for capturing, recording, organizing, and retrieving knowledge about a software system. Moreover, this knowledge can be stored in a software knowledge base, which serves as corporate memory, facilitating the work of developers, maintainers and users alike. We pursue this central theme by focusing on requirements engineering knowledge, illustrating it with ideas originally reported in (Greenspan et al., 1982; Borgida et al., 1993; Yu, 1993) and (Chung, 1993b). The first example concerns the language RML, designed on a foundation of ideas from frame- and logic-based knowledge representation schemes, to offer a novel (at least for its time) formal requirements modeling language. The second contribution adapts solutions of the frame problem originally proposed in the context of AI planning in order to offer a better formulation of the notion of state change caused by an activity, which appears in most formal requirements modeling languages. The final contribution imports ideas from multi-agent planning systems to propose a novel ontology for capturing organizational intentions in requirements modeling. In each case we examine alterations that have been made to knowledge representation ideas in order to adapt them for Software Engineering use.     

A Basis for Analyzing Software Architecture Analysis Methods

A software architecture is a key asset for any organization that builds complex software-intensive systems. Because of an architecture's central role as a project blueprint, organizations should analyze the architecture before committing resources to it. An analysis helps to ensure that sound architectural decisions are made. Over the past decade a large number of architecture analysis methods have been created, and at least two surveys of these methods have been published. This paper examines the criteria for analyzing architecture analysis methods, and suggests a new set of criteria that focus on the essence of what it means to be an architecture analysis method. These criteria could be used to compare methods, to help understand the suitability of a method, or to improve a method. We then examine two methods—the Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method and Architecture-level Modifiability Analysis—in light of these criteria, and provide some insight into how these methods can be improved. Rick Kazman is a Senior Member of the Technical Staff at the Software Engineering Institute of Carnegie Mellon University and Professor at the University of Hawaii. His primary research interests are software architecture, design and analysis tools, software visualization, and software engineering economics. He also has interests in human-computer interaction and information retrieval. Kazman has created several highly influential methods and tools for architecture analysis, including the SAAM and the ATAM. He is the author of over 80 papers, and co-author of several books, including “Software Architecture in Practice”, and “Evaluating Software Architectures: Methods and Case Studies”. Len Bass is a Senior Member of the Technical Staff at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI). He has written two award winning books in software architecture as well as several other books and numerous papers in a wide variety of areas of computer science and software engineering. He is currently working on techniques for the methodical design of software architectures and to understand how to support usability through software architecture. He has been involved in the development of numerous different production or research software systems ranging from operating systems to database management systems to automotive systems. Mark Klein is Senior Member of the Technical Staff of the Software Engineering Institute. He has over 20 years of experience in research on various facets of software engineering, dependable real-time systems and numerical methods. Klein's most recent work focuses on the analysis of software architectures, architecture tradeoff analysis, attribute-driven architectural design and scheduling theory. Klein's work in real-time systems involved the development of rate monotonic analysis (RMA), the extension of the theoretical basis for RMA, and its application to realistic systems. Klein's earliest work involved research in high-order finite element methods for solving fluid flow equations arising in oil reservoir simulation. He is the co-author two books: “A Practitioner's Handbook for Real-Time Analysis: Guide to Rate Monotonic Analysis for Real-Time Systems” and “Evaluating Software Architecture: Methods and Case Studies”. Anthony J. Lattanze is an Associate Teaching Professor at the Institute for Software Research International (ISRI) at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) and a senior member of the technical staff at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI). Anthony teaches courses in CMUs Masters of Software Engineering Program in Software Architecture, Real-Time/Embedded Systems, and Software Development Studio. His primary research interest is in the area software architectural design for embedded, software intensive systems. Anthony consults and teaches throughout industry in the areas of software architecture design and architecture evaluation. Prior to Carnegie Mellon, Mr. Lattanze was the Chief of Software Engineering for the Technology Development Group at the United States Flight Test Center at Edwards Air Force Base, CA. During his tenure at the Flight Test Center, he was involved with a number of software and systems engineering projects as a software and systems architect, project manager, and developer. During this time as he was involved with the development, test, and evaluation of avionics systems for the B-2 Stealth Bomber, F-117 Stealth Fighter, and F-22 Advanced Tactical Fighter among other systems. Linda Northrop is the director of the Product Line Systems Program at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) where she leads the SEI work in software architecture, software product lines and predictable component engineering. Under her leadership the SEI has developed software architecture and product line methods that are used worldwide, a series of five highly-acclaimed books, and Software Architecture and Software Product Line Curricula. She is co-author of the book, “Software Product Lines: Practices and Patterns,” and a primary author of the SEI Framework for Software Product Line Practice.     

Tradeoff and Sensitivity Analysis in Software Architecture Evaluation Using Analytic Hierarchy Process

Software architecture evaluation involves evaluating different architecture design alternatives against multiple quality-attributes. These attributes typically have intrinsic conflicts and must be considered simultaneously in order to reach a final design decision. AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), an important decision making technique, has been leveraged to resolve such conflicts. AHP can help provide an overall ranking of design alternatives. However it lacks the capability to explicitly identify the exact tradeoffs being made and the relative size of these tradeoffs. Moreover, the ranking produced can be sensitive such that the smallest change in intermediate priority weights can alter the final order of design alternatives. In this paper, we propose several in-depth analysis techniques applicable to AHP to identify critical tradeoffs and sensitive points in the decision process. We apply our method to an example of a real-world distributed architecture presented in the literature. The results are promising in that they make important decision consequences explicit in terms of key design tradeoffs and the architecture's capability to handle future quality attribute changes. These expose critical decisions which are otherwise too subtle to be detected in standard AHP results. Liming Zhu is a PHD candidate in the School of Computer Science and Engineering at University of New South Wales. He is also a member of the Empirical Software Engineering Group at National ICT Australia (NICTA). He obtained his BSc from Dalian University of Technology in China. After moving to Australia, he obtained his MSc in computer science from University of New South Wales. His principle research interests include software architecture evaluation and empirical software engineering. Aybüke Aurum is a senior lecturer at the School of Information Systems, Technology and Management, University of New South Wales. She received her BSc and MSc in geological engineering, and MEngSc and PhD in computer science. She also works as a visiting researcher in National ICT, Australia (NICTA). Dr. Aurum is one of the editors of “Managing Software Engineering Knowledge”, “Engineering and Managing Software Requirements” and “Value-Based Software Engineering” books. Her research interests include management of software development process, software inspection, requirements engineering, decision making and knowledge management in software development. She is on the editorial boards of Requirements Engineering Journal and Asian Academy Journal of Management. Ian Gorton is a Senior Researcher at National ICT Australia. Until Match 2004 he was Chief Architect in Information Sciences and Engineering at the US Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Previously he has worked at Microsoft and IBM, as well as in other research positions. His interests include software architectures, particularly those for large-scale, high-performance information systems that use commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) middleware technologies. He received a PhD in Computer Science from Sheffield Hallam University. Dr. Ross Jeffery is Professor of Software Engineering in the School of Computer Science and Engineering at UNSW and Program Leader in Empirical Software Engineering in National ICT Australia Ltd. (NICTA). His current research interests are in software engineering process and product modeling and improvement, electronic process guides and software knowledge management, software quality, software metrics, software technical and management reviews, and software resource modeling and estimation. His research has involved over fifty government and industry organizations over a period of 15 years and has been funded from industry, government and universities. He has co-authored four books and over one hundred and twenty research papers. He has served on the editorial board of the IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, and the Wiley International Series in Information Systems and he is Associate Editor of the Journal of Empirical Software Engineering. He is a founding member of the International Software Engineering Research Network (ISERN). He was elected Fellow of the Australian Computer Society for his contribution to software engineering research.     

基于大规模工程实践的软件工程专业建设的探索与创新

工程实践是软件工程专业建设十分重要的环节,如何通过与企业深入合作,在实战中培养从事大规模软件工程的软件人才,是建设软件工程专业的院校都需要面临的问题。本文介绍了浙江大学软件工程专业以大规模国际化产学研合作项目为基础,在教育体系、课程体系、工程实践体系和校企合作生态环境建设等方面进行的深入探索和创新。十余年的实践效果表明,探索取得了良好的建设成效。     

以案例为导向的软件工程双语教学

软件工程是一门研究用工程化方法开发、维护和管理高质量软件的学科,在软件生命周期中起着重要作用。随着软件服务外包需求的膨胀,高校迫切需要开展软件工程双语教学。文章在分析现有双语教学存在问题的基础上,结合苏州大学软件工程课程双语教学的实践,提出以案例为导向的软件工程双语教学思路,在完善双语教学内容的同时,使课程内容更接近企业需求,激发了学生的兴趣,取得了较好的教学效果。     

Intelligent Development Environment and Software Knowledge Graph

Software intelligent development has become one of the most important research trends in software engineering. In this paper, we put forward two key concepts — intelligent development environment (IntelliDE) and software knowledge graph — for the first time. IntelliDE is an ecosystem in which software big data are aggregated, mined and analyzed to provide intelligent assistance in the life cycle of software development. We present its architecture and discuss its key research issues and challenges. Software knowledge graph is a software knowledge representation and management framework, which plays an important role in IntelliDE. We study its concept and introduce some concrete details and examples to show how it could be constructed and leveraged.     

软件工程研究生工程化教育模式探讨(英文)

This paper introduces the pattern of software engineering postgraduate education in School of Software Engineering of South China University of Technology(SSE_SCUT).SSE_SCUT aims to foster the software talented with capability of achieving large scale or complex systems.In its education pattern,emphasizes engineering practices are emphasized.And this education notion is implemented in the postgraduate curriculum.     

统一软件过程与地理信息系统的应用开发

地理信息系统是一个涉及多学科领域的、复杂而且投资昂贵的信息系统,构建一个性能良好、结构健壮、扩展容易而且维护容易的应用GIS,需要应用软件工程的方法,对应用系统构建过程进行组织和控制。作为结构化软件过程之后具有划时代意义的软件工程方法--来源于面向对象方法的统一软件过程,吸收和发展了面向对象方法中的精华,在现代软件工程实践中得到了日益普及的应用,因而也必然地对GIS系统应用的构建方法产生巨大的影响。就目前实际软件应用过程中影响最大的一种软件方法--统一软件过程,作初步的论述和探讨,并结合一个开发实例,说明其对地理信息系统的开发实践的实用价值。     

OWL本体到软件代码模型映射的研究

OWL本体在知识工程中有着广泛应用,人们考虑用它来解决软件开发中的问题。该文分析OWL本体和Java面向对象模型问的差别,指出直接映射存在的问题,阐述OWL本体映射到面向方面模型的特点,并提出OWL本体向AspectJ面向方面模型映射的具体方法,较好实现OWL本体向软件代码模型的映射。     

Monitoring Software Development Through Dynamic Variables

This paper describes research conducted by the Software Engineering Laboratory (SEL) on the use of dynamic variables as a tool to monitor software development. The intent of the project is to identify project independent measures which may be used in a management tool for monitoring software development. This study examines several Fortran projects with similar profiles. The staff was experienced in developing these types of projects. The projects developed serve similar functions. Because these projects are similar we believe some underlying relationships exist that are invariant between the projects. These relationships, once well defined, may be used to compare the development of different projects to determine whether they are evolving the same way previous projects in this environment evolved.     

基于构件行为聚类的软件工程知识分类

针对传统软件工程知识分类方法效率低下的问题,提出一种改进的软件工程知识分类方法。依据软件工程知识体系(SWEBOK)对构件行为进行聚类,确定关联系数、最佳聚类数和模糊关联矩阵,基于K-NN算法和结构建模方法生成软件知识分类系统,并根据训练先验知识将新知识归入到SWEBOK的对应类别下。实验结果表明,该方法具有较好的分类效果。     

软件防篡改技术研究

随着软件产业的不断发展,对软件知识产权的保护已成为一个引人关注的重要问题.目前,对知识产权的攻击方式主要有三种:软件盗版(Software Piracy),逆向工程(Reserve Engineering)、代码篡改(Code Tamper),对应的防御措施主要有软件水印技术(Software Watermarking)、代码模糊(Code Obfuscation)、软件防篡改(Software Tamper-proofing).此外,还有多样性(Diversity)、时间限制模式(Time-limited Scheme)等方法.详细介绍了软件防篡改技术,对它的分类、现状、现存机制以及下一步的发展方向做了较深入的分析.     

《软件工程》课程教学的几点思考

<软件工程>是计算机专业的核心基础课程.对<软件工程>课程教学中所遇到的一些问题、如何在教学中强调<软件工程>课程的重点内容,以及在教学中如何对<软件工程>课程进行实践教学等进行了思考,提出了一些想法与方法.     

A Software Engineering Project Course for Undergraduate Students

Software engineering(SE) courses are confronted with predicaments how to cultivate students' engineering concept and how to abridge the distance between the academy and industry.The "Computing and Software Engineering,III(CSE III)" helps students mimic a real-world software development and broaden realworld SE view.With the spiral model as the main development model,the CSE III course includes not only the SE theory knowledge,but also quick learning,team cooperation,development management and risk management skills which meet the real-world industry requirements.Our contribution is providing an introductory course for multiple dimensions of knowledge,creating a real-world software development circumstance for students under quantitative control and designing a systematic and practical evaluation mechanism which stimulates the interests of students.CSE III has been executed from 2009 and obtains a valuable teaching and learning effects among our teachers,TAs and students;and we add refinements to the course according to feedbacks of participants.This paper will describe the design and practice of the CSE III course.     

基于CDIO模式的软件人才工程实践能力成熟度模型

软件学院软件工程人才工程实践能力培养体系是软件学院人才整体培养方案的重要组成部分,本文重点阐述了我院软件工程人才工程实践能力培养模型,并介绍了我院人才培养的实践与特色。     

基于本体的构件化软件演化信息获取及度量研究

软件演化信息是一种重要的、能反映软件变化历史的信息.然而,传统的软件演化信息以文件或者项目作为跟踪软件变化的基本单元,不能有效地支持构件化软件演化信息的存储和检索.提出了采用本体概念表示构件化软件演化信息的策略,并利用Jena推理机实现构件化软件演化信息的荻取.该方法不仅能检索构件化软件的基本演化信息,而且可以通过定义规则的方式检索出蕴含的演化信息.同时,文中也提出了一种构件化软件演化度量的模型,该模型通过对演化属性的计算分析来预测构件化软件的演化趋势.