基于距离变换的A*搜索骨架提取方法

针对部分传统骨架提取方法提取骨架位置偏离中轴的问题,提出了一种基于距离变换的A*搜索骨架的提取方法.根据距离变换和形态学分水岭算法获得包含物体骨架的骨架潜在图,通过主动轮廓线模型确定骨架关键点,通过A*算法对骨架线进行搜索,得到骨架.实验证明,该方法获得的骨架具有连通性、单像素性、多尺度性及位置准确等优点.     

基于权值的骨架修剪算法

针对传统骨架提取算法中出现影响骨架识别的毛刺问题,特别是其中对物体形状的描述会产生很大影响的绷带骨架,在骨架的权值的基础上提出了一种新的骨架修剪算法.算法的核心是通过距离变换获取骨架权值并在骨架修剪过程中把表征骨架重要性的权值作为骨架分支是否被去除的依据.实验结果表明,作为目标骨架表示和识别的预处理手段,基于权值的骨架修剪算法能使骨架更能准确的反应目标物体的稳定结构.     

基于欧氏距离及向量内积的骨架提取算法

对骨架算法进行研究,提出一种骨架提取算法.通过对图像内部像素点进行距离变换得到其最近边界点的位置,将内部像素点到最近边界点的向量定义为边界向量,根据物体内部相邻边界向量的方向,计算每个像素点的内积值和其8邻域的最小内积值,得到的最小内积点,以确定的阈值从最小内积点中选取骨架种子点,再对骨架种子点进行处理,得到连通的骨架.试验证明这种算法能保证骨架具的完整性和连通性,正确反映物体的拓扑结构.     

动态骨架算法

骨架是表示物体形状的一种有效形式.基于距离变换的骨架求解算法得到的骨架尽管准确光滑,但必须仔细地检查其连续性;而当骨架的结构较为复杂时,这种连续性检查会变得非常困难.结合Thinning技术和Snake模型,提出了一个平面二值图的动态骨架算法.首先利用Thinning技术生成连续且拓扑保持的初始骨架,然后根据Snake模型的思想,将初始骨架引导到正确的位置上.动态骨架算法提取的骨架不仅保持了位置的准确和外形的光滑,同时也解决了骨架的连续性问题.     

基于欧氏骨架的手势识别系统

引进最新骨架提取算法,设计并实现了一种以手势的欧氏骨架为基准的手势识别系统,系统由通用视频采集模块和ARM开发板硬件组成.利用动态前景检测算法结合YCbCr肤色识别模型,分割出手势区域;借助欧氏距离变换和Delta—中轴骨架提取算法获得手势区域的欧氏骨架,并提取骨架的关键点和欧氏距离等几何参数,以此建立手势识别的几何模型.实验测试正确识别率高达94%,每帧图片处理时间小于25 ms,表明该系统实时、有效.     

优化的离散λ-中轴骨架提取算法

离散λ-中轴(DLMA)是一种快速、健壮的中轴变换算法,选择合适的参数λ可以提取物体较为精准的单像素骨架.针对DLMA算法的缺点,提出一种融合欧氏距离变换局部极大值点思想和背景点空间思想的DLMA优化算法.该算法将DLMA算法分成2步,先使用一个小λ阈值获得骨架的粗提取结果,计算过程中将其N4邻域简化为N2邻域;然后在粗提取的结果下设计骨架生长阈值自动调整策略,使其对宽度变化具有足够的适应性.实验结果表明,与原DLMA算法相比,文中提出的优化算法不仅具有更快的计算速度,鲁棒性和自适应能力均有显著提高.     

基于3D模型的骨架提取

根据3D模型骨架的基本定义,即内切圆圆心集合的定义,采用了一种通过对网格化的3D模型体素化的方法,运用改进的欧式距离变换提取出3D模型的骨架点,通过对骨架点的保存连通的无损连接形成了模型的骨架.对于提取的模型骨架具有的性质,提出了基于骨架的医学内窥镜漫游、基于骨架的局部网格重建(模型动画初步)、基于骨架的模型分割.为了方便应用这些功能,制作了一个友好的用户使用界面,使其功能得以更好的应用.     

基于UDCT和三角形测量特征融合的手背静脉识别

提出了一种基于特征融合的手背静脉识别算法,首先对手背静脉图像感兴趣区域进行预处理,然后采用均衡离散曲率波变换对感兴趣区域进行变换,接着对变换系数进行相位编码,并计算编码统计直方图的卡方距离,当此距离与阈值相差较大时,得到识别结果;否则,对预处理后的图像提取静脉骨架,确定相关的特征点,通过三角测量法来计算匹配距离,对和采用加权平均法来获得最终的识别结果.该方法在识别时间没有明显增加的情况下,而识别的效果却得到了提高.     

结合距离变换与边缘梯度的分水岭血细胞分割

目的 针对医学图像中细胞提取和粘连细胞分割问题,提出一种结合距离变换利用边缘梯度的分水岭血细胞显微图像分割方法。方法 首先,通过距离变换由细胞二值图生成距离地形图,取其局部极值点或点集作为前景标记,进行第1次距离分水岭变换;接着将第一步骤所得的分水岭脊线作为背景区域的标记,前景标记不变,视梯度幅度图为地形图,再一次进行梯度分水岭变换,得到细胞分割结果。两次分水岭变换前,均采用强制极小值的方法修改地形图,来控制地形图只在选取的标记处存在局部极小值。结果 该方法由距离图提取前景标记,将距离分水岭变换所得的脊线作为梯度分水岭变换的背景标记,能有效地分离粘连目标。相比于基于距离图分水岭变换,本文方法不过多依赖二值图像信息,保留了基于梯度图像的分水岭变换边缘定位准确的优点,又解决了其无法分割粘连目标和过分割的问题。结论 经多幅临床细胞图像分割实验验证,该方法可以实现图像中细胞的提取以及粘连细胞的自动分割,满足医学图像分割的要求。     

具有曲线形结构的物体边界和骨架的提取

用各向同性扩散得到梯度矢量流场的能量,并获得初始边界和骨架点（无须任何初始化）;最后利用蛇模型演化这些初始点,当模型能量达到最小时演化停止.最终的点即为所需要的边界和骨架.该方法能同时得到物体的边界和骨架,改进了曲线结构强度图的计算,减少了计算量.采用人工图像和实际图像验证了该方法的有效性.     

Computing hierarchical curve-skeletons of 3D objects

A curve-skeleton of a 3D object is a stick-like figure or centerline representation of that object. It is used for diverse applications, including virtual colonoscopy and animation. In this paper, we introduce the concept of hierarchical curve-skeletons and describe a general and robust methodology that computes a family of increasingly detailed curve-skeletons. The algorithm is based upon computing a repulsive force field over a discretization of the 3D object and using topological characteristics of the resulting vector field, such as critical points and critical curves, to extract the curve-skeleton. We demonstrate this method on many different types of 3D objects (volumetric, polygonal and scattered point sets) and discuss various extensions of this approach.     

Three-dimensional object representation and invariant recognitionusing continuous distance transform neural networks

3D object recognition under partial object viewing is a difficult pattern recognition task. In this paper, we introduce a neural-network solution that is robust to partial viewing of objects and noise corruption. This method directly utilizes the acquired 3D data and requires no feature extraction. The object is first parametrically represented by a continuous distance transform neural network (CDTNN) trained by the surface points of the exemplar object. The CDTNN maps any 3D coordinate into a value that corresponds to the distance between the point and the nearest surface point of the object. Therefore, a mismatch between the exemplar object and an unknown object can be easily computed. When encountered with deformed objects, this mismatch information can be backpropagated through the CDTNN to iteratively determine the deformation in terms of affine transform. Application to 3D heart contour delineation and invariant recognition of 3D rigid-body objects is presented.     

基于局部指纹曲面片的点云三维物体识别

提出一种新的基于局部描述符的点云物体识别算法。算法根据点云的位置信息提取出邻域以及曲率信息,进而得到形状索引信息。根据形状索引提取到特征点,在每个特征点根据样条拟合原理得到测地距离和矢量夹角分割曲面得到曲面片集。每个曲面片的等距测地线构成了曲面片指纹,通过矢量和半径的变化描述,可以把每个模型物体得到的曲面片集描述存入数据库。对于给定的一个物体,根据上面步骤同样得到其曲面片集描述,通过和数据库中模型物体曲面片集的比对,得到初始识别结果。对每对初始识别结果进行对应滤波后,通过最近点迭代方法得到最终的识别结果。最后通过具体的实验说明了算法的有效性和高效性。     

鲁棒的点云曲线骨骼提取算法

为解决复杂点云数据的曲线骨骼提取问题,提出了一种鲁棒的点云曲线骨骼提取算法。该方法首先通过区域分割将点云模型分成多个弱凸面集,减少噪声点对骨骼提取的影响,然后在每个弱凸面集中根据对称点信息提取候选骨骼点,对候选骨骼点进行压缩和平滑,并采用最优平面法对骨骼点进行重定位,最后利用区域分割信息将各区域的骨骼点连接得到最终的曲线骨骼。实验结果表明,该方法不仅能够处理完整和非完整的点云数据,而且能够正确提取包含复杂形状的点云骨骼。     

距离场定义下异质材料CAD信息建模方法

提出一种基于CAD零件离散体素模型的异质材料建模方法．该方法重点对多材料模型和功能梯度材料模型建模进行描述,以数字距离变换为手段求得模型体素到所选特征的距离场,以体素中心到特征的最小欧氏距离为标准将模型几何空间中的点映射到材料空间,建立起零件的异质材料模型．最后给出了三个建模实例．     

盲信号分离和序贯滤波的SAR影像水体提取

采用一种新的基于盲信号分离（BSS）和序列非线性滤波方法实现多极化合成孔径雷达（SAR）影像相干斑噪声抑制和水体目标快速提取。SAR影像具有强烈乘性相干斑噪声,影像数据为非高斯分布,但其具体分布形式及参数难以获得。利用基于独立分量分析的盲信号分离方法,不需要知道SAR影像的具体分布,通过对数量化将相干斑噪声转化为与图像数据相互独立的加性噪声,从多极化SAR影像中自动分离出图像数据与相干斑噪声,并自动选择相干斑指数最小的分量为图像分量。针对SAR影像水体目标的亮度及形状分布特征,进一步采用序列非线性滤波处理,从分离出的图像分量中提取出水体目标。利用ENVISAT ASAR多极化影像进行了实验,结果表明该方法可以快速准确地提取多极化SAR影像中的水体目标。     

Camera calibration using one-dimensional information and its applications in both controlled and uncontrolled environments

Camera model and its calibration are required in many applications for coordinate conversions between the two-dimensional image and the real three-dimensional world. Self-calibration method is usually chosen for camera calibration in uncontrolled environments because the scene geometry could be unknown. However when no reliable feature correspondences can be established or when the camera is static in relation to the majority of the scene, self-calibration method fails to work. On the other hand, object-based calibration methods are more reliable than self-calibration methods due to the existence of the object with known geometry. However, most object-based calibration methods are unable to work in uncontrolled environments because they require the geometric knowledge on calibration objects. Though in the past few years the simplest geometry required for a calibration object has been reduced to a 1D object with at least three points, it is still not easy to find such an object in an uncontrolled environment, not to mention the additional metric/motion requirement in the existing methods. Meanwhile, it is very easy to find a 1D object with two end points in most scenes. Thus, it would be very worthwhile to investigate an object-based method based on such a simple object so that it would still be possible to calibrate a camera when both self-calibration and existing object-based calibration fail to work. We propose a new camera calibration method which requires only an object with two end points, the simplest geometry that can be extracted from many real-life objects. Through observations of such a 1D object at different positions/orientations on a plane which is fixed in relation to the camera, both intrinsic (focal length) and extrinsic (rotation angles and translations) camera parameters can be calibrated using the proposed method. The proposed method has been tested on simulated data and real data from both controlled and uncontrolled environments, including situations where no explicit 1D calibration objects are available, e.g. from a human walking sequence. Very accurate camera calibration results have been achieved using the proposed method.     

基于水动力学、分数阶微分及Steger算法的线状目标提取

目的 线状目标的检测具有非常广泛的应用领域,如车道线、道路及裂缝的检测等,而裂缝是其中最难检测的线状目标。为避免直接提取线状目标时图像分割难的问题,以裂缝和车道线为例,提出了一种新的跟踪线状目标中线的算法。方法 对图像进行高斯平滑,用一种新的分数阶微分模板增强图像中的模糊及微细线状目标;基于Steger算法提出一种提取线状目标中心线特征点的算法,避免了提取整体目标的困难;根据水动力学思想将裂隙看成溪流,通过最大熵阈值处理后,先进行特征点的连接,再基于线段之间的距离及夹角进行线段之间的连接（溪流之间的融合）。结果 对300幅裂缝图像及4种类别的其他线状目标图像进行试验,并与距离变换、最大熵阈值法+细线化Otsu阈值分割+细线化、谷底边界检测等类似算法进行比较分析,本文算法检测出的线状目标的连续性好、漏检（大间隙少）和误检（毛刺及多余线段少）率均较低。结论 本文算法能够在复杂的线状目标图像中准确快速地提取目标的中心线,一定程度上改善了复杂线状目标图像分割难的问题。     

An Occlusion-aware Edge-Based Method for Monocular 3D Object Tracking using Edge Confidence

We propose an edge-based method for 6DOF pose tracking of rigid objects using a monocular RGB camera. One of the critical problem for edge-based methods is to search the object contour points in the image corresponding to the known 3D model points. However, previous methods often produce false object contour points in case of cluttered backgrounds and partial occlusions. In this paper, we propose a novel edge-based 3D objects tracking method to tackle this problem. To search the object contour points, foreground and background clutter points are first filtered out using edge color cue, then object contour points are searched by maximizing their edge confidence which combines edge color and distance cues. Furthermore, the edge confidence is integrated into the edge-based energy function to reduce the influence of false contour points caused by cluttered backgrounds and partial occlusions. We also extend our method to multi-object tracking which can handle mutual occlusions. We compare our method with the recent state-of-art methods on challenging public datasets. Experiments demonstrate that our method improves robustness and accuracy against cluttered backgrounds and partial occlusions.