候选关键字的判定理论

在关系数据库理论中,确定关系模式的候选关键字是一个NP完全问题,至今尚无有效的理论.本文提出关系模式唯一候选关键字存在性的充要条件和开发了具有单属性函数依赖候选关键字的求解规则.     

MATLAB在求解关系模式上全部候选关键字中的应用

本文描述了MATLAB中的数值数组、元胞数组与关系模式上的属性集、函数依赖集之间的对应关系，实现了属性集运算的MATLAB数组表示，给出了关系模式中计算属性集闭包、求解候选关键字的M函数。在应用[1]中的替换算法的基础上，本文给出了一个求解关系模式上全部候选关键字的M函数。实际应用表明，本文介绍的MATLAB程序代码简洁、运行可靠、求解正确。     

Database reverse engineering: From the relational to the binary relationship model

This paper describes an algorithmic method for transforming a relational database schema to a binary-relationship one. The source schema may consist of relations that are at any level of normalization, and the designer may add semantic information on the source schema, such as the definition of candidate keys, foreign keys, functional dependencies of various types, multi-valued dependencies, many-to-many constraints, inclusion dependencies, and others. Based on this information, the multi-stage transformation algorithm applies mapping rules to generate object-types, binary-relationships and constraints in the target conceptual schema. The method is implemented as a PC-based tool, utilizing Ingres, SQL and C, and is part of a comprehensive database design tool for both forward and reverse engineering.     

函数依赖和规范化在关系和XML间的传播

XML和关系的结合是一个重要的研究领域,讨论函数依赖和规范化在关系及XML间的传播问题.首先引入XML上函数依赖和键的定义,并进一步定义XML上的数据冗余和规范化DTD的概念.分别讨论在关系和XML相互转化的过程中,函数依赖的传播问题.针对一种一般化的关系模式DTD表示,证明原有关系中的函数依赖可以在生成的XML文档上得到表示.针对一种常见的XML关系存储方法,说明最终生成关系上的函数依赖与原有XML上函数依赖的对应关系.函数依赖传播的核心意义在于规范化的传播.证明使用上述方法时,若原有的关系是满足BCNF的,则发布得到的DTD也是规范化的;若原始的DTD是规范化的,则得到的关系存储也满足BCNF范式.     

Propagating XML constraints to relations

We present a technique for refining the design of relational storage for XML data. The technique is based on XML key propagation: given a set of keys on XML data and a mapping (transformation) from the XML data to relations, what functional dependencies must hold on the relations produced by the mapping? With the functional dependencies one can then convert the relational design into, e.g. 3NF, BCNF, and thus develop efficient relational storage for XML data. We provide several algorithms for computing XML key propagation. One algorithm is to check whether a functional dependency is propagated from a set of XML keys via a predefined mapping; this allows one to determine whether or not the relational design is in a normal form. The others are to compute a minimum cover for all functional dependencies that are propagated from a set of XML keys and hold on a universal relation; these provide guidance for how to design a relational schema for storing XML data. These algorithms show that XML key propagation and its associated minimum cover can be computed in polynomial time. Our experimental results verify that these algorithms are efficient in practice. We also investigate the complexity of propagating other XML constraints to relations. The ability to compute XML key propagation is a first step toward establishing a connection between XML data and its relational representation at the semantic level.     

Armstrong axioms and Boyce-Codd-Heath Normal Form under bag semantics

The theory of functional dependencies is based on relations, i.e. sets of tuples. Over relations, the class of functional dependencies subsumes the class of keys. Commercial database systems permit the storage of bags of tuples where duplicate tuples can occur. Over bags, keys and functional dependencies interact differently from how they interact over relations.We establish finite ground axiomatizations of keys and functional dependencies over bags, and show a strong correspondence to goal and definite clauses in classical propositional logic. We define a syntactic Boyce-Codd-Heath Normal Form condition, and show that the condition characterizes schemata that will never have any redundant data value occurrences in their instances. The results close the gap between the existing set-based theory of data dependencies and database practice where bags are permitted.     

关系模式一种基于超图的全部候选关键字求法

本文详细讨论了基于超图的关系模式的有关候选关键字的某些理论,给出了相应的定理.圆满地解决了关系模式全部候选关键字的求解问题,具体地给出了以递归形式的求全部候选关键字的新算法.     

基于梯子迭代求解全部候选关键字算法

本文定义了强主属性概念，讨论了属性子集梯子迭代结构问题，导出了求解全部候选关键字的新算法。     

Characterisations of multivalued dependency implication over undetermined universes

In relational databases the original definition of a multivalued dependency is dependent on the underlying relation schema. In this context, the implication of multivalued dependencies has been characterised from multiple perspectives. Logically, it is equivalent to the logical implication of certain material implications in Boolean propositional logic. Proof-theoretically, the Chase procedure offers a convenient tool to decide implication. And algebraically, the implication can be characterised by the notion of closed attribute sets with respect to multivalued dependencies. The assumption of having a fixed underlying relation schema is not always feasible in practice, and also distinguishes multivalued dependencies from other classes of data dependencies. In this paper, we establish logical, proof-theoretical and algebraic characterisations for Biskup?s notion of multivalued dependency implication over undetermined universes. That is, we unburden the current theory of the assumption of having a fixed underlying relation schema. From the perspective of probability theory this means that is unnecessary to fix the set of discrete probabilistic variables in order to utilise conditional independencies.     

XML文档在关系数据库中的规范化存储

提出了一种存储方法，首先把XML文档映射为泛关系模式，再利用算法DeriveFDs推导出XML键所蕴含的泛关系模式上函数依赖集的规范覆盖，根据此规范覆盖，最后将泛关系模式保持函数依赖地分解为3NF模式集。得到了保持XML键约束的规范化存储模式，实现了XML文档在关系数据库中的规范化存储。实验研究表明文中提出的方法是有效的。