用于光纤光栅传感器温度补偿方法的研究

本文比较了定长系数线性回归分析法和BP神经网络算法用于补偿温度对光纤光栅压力传感器的影响的效果。回归分析法可以起到一定的补偿作用,但对个别数据点补偿效果不理想。BP网络融合处理后的数据,其零位温度系数和灵敏度温度系数从补偿前的34．5％℃-1和34．2％℃-1分别下降到0．02％℃2-1和0．07％℃-1,提高了近3个数量级,充分证明BP神经网络对光纤光栅压力传感器进行温度补偿的有效性。     

具有温度补偿的膜片型光纤光栅温度压力传感器

阐述了具有温度补偿结构的膜片型光纤光栅温度压力传感器。传感器以弹性膜片为感压元件,在压力作用下产生轴向位移来压缩压力敏感光栅以实现压力传感;通过结构温度补偿消除压力敏感光栅的温度漂移,同时串入感温光栅进行实时修正并实现温度测量。对传感器的压力和温度特性进行了测量。试验结果表明:压力灵敏度为528 pm/MPa,温度灵敏度为8 pm/℃。     

焊接结构光纤Bragg光栅土压力传感器设计

针对传统土压力传感器长期稳定性差、抗电磁干扰能力不强以及组网难度大等问题,根据传感器与土介质的匹配原则,设计了一种焊接结构双膜片光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)温度自补偿土压力传感器,可实现温度和土压力2个参量的同时测量.传感器主要由2个膜片与基体组成,膜片与光栅固定柱一次成型,便于加工封装.对传感器灵敏度系数进行了计算分析.根据分析结果,加工封装传感器并对其进行了压力校准及温度自补偿性能实验.实验结果表明:传感器的输出波长分别与温度和压力呈线性关系,压力灵敏度系数为528.1 pm/MPa,输出分辨率为0.19%,线性相关度99.988%;在5~45℃内温度灵敏度系数为31.9 pm/℃,线性相关度99.998%,传感器在5~45℃范围内具有良好的温度自补偿能力,其性能参数符合工程应用要求.     

海洋双光纤光栅压力传感器的温度响应特性

为满足海洋温深剖面连续拖曳测量的要求,测量海水深度的光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)压力传感器是利用FBG温补传感器来解决交叉敏感问题。由于二者对温度响应时间不一致,导致在中尺度旋涡、锋面等温度骤变海域测试海水压力时有所偏差。针对这一现象,设计出了一种新型的双光纤光栅压力传感器,通过在压力传感器的中心和边缘各封装温补和压力光纤光栅(边缘光栅不接触弹性膜片,仅受温度影响),使其对温度响应特性接近一致。实验测试结果表明:传感器的温补和压力光纤光栅对温度响应时间分别是1. 45 s和1. 52 s,响应一致性好。通过海试验证,FBG压力传感器与参考压力传感器ALEC—TD的相关系数高达0. 990 6,基本消除温度响应不一致导致的测量误差,能够达到准确测量压力的目的。     

夹持式封装低温敏FBG应变传感器的设计

设计了一种两端夹持式封装的低温敏FBG应变传感器.利用金属内、外管产生的膨胀差值引起的光栅波长变化量,与热膨胀和热光效应引起的光栅波长变化量抵消,实现温度补偿,金属内、外管隔及隔温套管与夹持支座内部均采用粘结剂连接后实现对光纤光栅的封装.标定试验表明:该传感器的温度灵敏度为0.78 pm/ ℃,是裸光纤光栅温度灵敏度的7.2%,大大降低了对温度的灵敏性,应变灵敏度系数为1.377 pm/ ℃.     

光纤布拉格光栅温度传感实验特性研究

介绍了光纤布拉格光栅传感器测温原理,并通过实验对裸光纤光栅的温度特性进行了研究.实验采用恒温水浴装置,在室温至80℃温度范围内分别使用了中心波长位于1 550 nm附近的两只光纤布拉格光栅进行测量.实验结果表明,光纤光栅在所测温度范围内呈现较好的线性特性,与理论结果一致.此外,还研究了光纤光栅在实际应用中的问题.     

微型光纤光栅土压力传感器量程及其过载能力分析研究

为定量分析压力传感器的测量量程及其过载能力,提出一种微型光纤光栅土压力传感器并构建其气压标定系统。对微型光纤光栅土压力传感器进行理论分析得其灵敏度为7.5 nm/MPa,测量量程可达1.06 MPa。而分析光纤光栅土压力传感器性能测试数据得:该传感器压力灵敏度为5.9 nm/MP,线性度为99.93%,可测量实际量程为225 kPa,过载能力上限值为300 kPa。研究结果可用于指导设计规定量程的光纤光栅土压力传感器,具备一定应用价值。     

光纤光栅压力传感器及其温度效应研究

根据Bragg光栅方程,讨论了光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)压力传感机理及温度对光纤光栅反射波长的影响;通过裸光栅的罐状聚合物封装,在0～20MPa的范围内,使光纤光栅的压力灵敏度提高为-42.0am/Pa,是裸栅的17.3倍,可作为恒温时较高压力环境下使用的传感器;经实验结果分析,100℃以下的温度范围内,封装后的FBG受温度影响效应变为裸栅的4倍,反射波长与温度亦具有良好的线性关系。指出非恒温环境下的压力测量应考虑对传感器反射波长随压力变化曲线进行线性修正,以实现对压力的准确测量。     

基于神经网络的光纤光栅电流传感器的温度补偿

分析了光纤光栅电流传感器的温度特性,表明传感器的输出受环境温度的影响大且很难消除。利用神经网络具有可以逼近任意非线性函数的特点,提出了用人工神经网络对光纤光栅电流传感器进行温度补偿的方法,实现传感器输出特性的非线性校正。通过Matlab语言编程仿真实验表明,该方法可以有效地消除温度的影响。     

一种十字型阵列的光纤光栅柔性力觉传感器

力觉是仿生体智能感知的重要内容,本文提出一种基于光纤布拉格光栅双层分布式阵列单元的力觉传感器,基于纤布拉格光栅的传感机理,设计了一种十字型光纤布拉格光栅阵列单元,埋置入聚合物材料中并进行了仿真分析,搭建力觉传感实验平台,完成了温度,压力和剪切力传感实验并进行了重复性分析。仿真和实验结果表明,该力觉传感器能实现力觉信息检测,并具有良好的线性度和重复性。FBG1和FBG2的温度灵敏度分别为13.3pm/ ℃和12.8pm/ ℃ 。FBG1和FBG2的正向压力灵敏度分别为0.0258nm/N和0.0284nm/N,百分误差平均值分别为2.77%和2.59%。FBG1x正向剪切力灵敏度为0.0536nm/N,百分误差平均值为 3.77%。该传感器有望应用于力觉传感领域,具有一定的应用价值。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.