军事概念模型分层次验证方法研究

概念模型验证是建模与仿真校核、验证与确认中的重点和难点。军事概念模型的内涵丰富、层次多、种类多,因而难以在一个层次上验证其全部内容。鉴于此,提出了军事概念模型分层次验证方法,将其划分为系统层、模型层、设计层3个层次,然后分析了各个层次的验证内容、验证指标、验证过程和验证方法。该方法的优点是明确了概念建模各个阶段的验证内容和验证方法,分解了验证工作的复杂性,增强了验证工作的阶段性、层次性、针对性和可操作性。     

基于本体的仿真系统元概念模型研究*

在仿真系统的概念模型开发过程中存在着模型重用性不高和缺乏管理等问题,这些问题将影响模型开发效率和仿真系统的可靠性.为解决以上问题,提出了元概念模型(MCM)的概念,以实现在更高层次对概念模型进行抽象.将本体思想引入MCM的设计中,提出了基于本体的元概念模型(OMCM)建模方法,并给出了OMCM的层次结构和建模方法.最后,将该方法应用于装备保障仿真系统元概念模型的建模中,得到了较好的验证.     

装备保障仿真概念模型的语义验证方法研究

概念模型验证是保证概念模型正确、可信的重要手段。针对现有概念模型形式化验证方法复杂、繁琐,非形式化验证方法的主观性较强、可信性不高等问题,采用本体理论和语义网技术,提出了一种基于本体与规则推理的装备保障仿真概念模型语义验证方法。该方法的思路是:首先将UML描述的概念模型转化为本体描述语言OWL描述的概念模型;然后根据领域知识构建验证规则,并运用语义网规则描述语言SWRL描述验证规则;最后将模型和规则转换为Jess规则引擎识别的数据格式,输入到Jess规则引擎中进行模型与规则的语义推理,检查概念模型是否符合验证规则。实例表明,该方法使用验证规则和语义推理机替代领域专家在计算机上自动对概念模型的语义内容进行验证,提高了验证效率,减少了专家验证的主观性和不确定性,降低了形式化验证方法的复杂性。     

基于OMCM的仿真系统概念建模方法

针对仿真系统概念模型开发中存在的模型重用性不高和缺乏管理等问题,提出了元概念模型(Meta Concep-tual Model,MCM)的概念,以实现更高层次上的概念模型抽象。将本体思想引入MCM的设计中,提出了基于本体的元概念模型(Ontology-based MCM,OMCM)概念,并给出了OMCM的层次结构和建模方法。通过将OMCM和概念模型进行映射,实现了基于OMCM的概念模型建模。最后,将该方法应用于装备保障仿真系统概念模型的建模中,起到了很好的效果。     

面向体系对抗仿真的模型测试方法研究

模型的有效性评估一直是建模与仿真领域研究的重要课题.针对传统校核与验证方法难以确定模型被确认为无效的原因以及传统建模过程中模型开发与实现紧耦合的特点,通过对武器装备体系对抗仿真与模型测试的需求分析,以层次化建模为基础提出了面向武器装备体系对抗仿真的模型测试方法论,从纵向和横向两个层次论述了概念模型和仿真模型的测试方法,给出了层次化模型测试环境的参考实现.该方法不仅为武器装备体系对抗的仿真模型开发提供质量控制手段,同时也为其它仿真应用的模型校核、验证与确认提供有效的方法支撑.     

Conceptual Modeling Method of Simulation System Based on OMCM

针对仿真系统概念模型开发中存在的模型重用性不高和缺乏管理等问题,提出了元概念模型(Meta Conceptual Model,MCM)的概念,以实现更高层次上的概念模型抽象.将本体思想引入MCM的设计中,提出了基于本体的元概念模型(Ontology-based MCM,OMCM)概念,并给出了OMCM的层次结构和建模方法.通过将OMCM和概念模型进行映射,实现了基于OMCM的概念模型建模.最后,将该方法应用于装备保障仿真系统概念模型的建模中,起到了很好的效果.     

军事概念模型分阶段分层次开发过程研究

针对军事概念模型内涵多样化的问题,参考美军思想,将军事概念模型开发过程扩展为领域知识层概念模型和系统分析层概念模型2个阶段;并将后者进一步细分为仿真联合体层、仿真应用层、复合模型层等3个基本层次;然后,以空间作战模拟为例,给出了每个阶段、每个层次概念模型的含义以及它们的建模方法.分阶段、分层次开发军事概念模型的优点在于:每种概念模型侧重描述不同的内容,目标明确,能够很好地满足作战模拟系统开发周期中不同阶段、不同系统开发人员的需要,具有较好的应用价值.     

基于规则推理的军事概念模型验证方法研究

针对现有的概念模型形式化验证方法较复杂、非形式化验证方法的主观性较强, 提出了一种基于规则推理的军事概念模型验证方法, 并详细介绍了该方法的原理、框架、实施步骤、验证内容和验证规则。该方法的实质是利用验证规则和推理机代替领域专家, 在计算机上实现概念模型语义验证的自动化。它可以降低形式化验证方法的复杂性, 减少非形式化验证方法的主观性和不确定性, 提高概念模型验证的质量和效率。     

国民经济动员仿真演练仿真概念建模研究

国民经济动员仿真演练是一个复杂的HLA分布式交互仿真系统,为解决系统仿真概念建模问题,首先针对动员仿真演练建模要素进行分析,借鉴军事仿真概念建模思想,提出CMMS的动员仿真演练分层概念模型逻辑结构.其次,对于工作流模式,提出概念模型形式化描述方法,以及慨念模型校核规则,为管理部门各单位提供仿真训练服务.通过建立形式化概念模型及其校核方法,能有效加强动员领域专家与仿真技术专家之间的沟通效果,并为系统建模与仿真互操作、重用、质量等提供有力保证.     

飞机虚拟维修训练系统可信度评估方法研究

针对“人在回路”和“硬件在回路”仿真系统规模大,实体多的特点,提出一种基于二级模糊综合评价法的仿真系统可信度评估方法；运用层次分析法对飞机虚拟维修训练系统不同层级的仿真模型的可信度进行分析,从而建立一种基于二级层次模型的复杂仿真训练系统的可信度指标体系；运用模糊综合评价方法与专家评价法相结合的可信度评估量化方法,实现了对虚拟仿真训练系统的量化计算；在此基础上,利用典型实例对该方法进行了实验验证,证明该方法对可重用复杂仿真系统实现精确地量化评估；并根据实验结果分析了仿真系统的改进方向,对其提高仿真效果和实训能力具有重要的指导作用。     

Knowledge-based method for the validation of complex simulation models

In traditional research, the validation of simulation models is mainly based on statistical analysis and simulation error evaluating. As simulation models become more and more complex, simulation behavior is more complicated and heavily dependent on simulation conditions, traditional method cannot be applied directly. On the other hand, measured data needed for traditional methods cannot always be available. What’s more, the validation of complex models is usually costly and time-consuming.This research makes effort to settle the problems above. It provides three aspects of advantage for model validation. First, complicated simulation behavior is abstracted and classified as five categories, among which behavior relationship and aggregative behavior is unique for complex simulation models. And the analysis and validation method of each kind of behavior is proposed. Second, besides measured data of real system, it proposed to utilize experience of expert and other kind of domain knowledge for validation task. And third, the simulation analysis and validation method proposed can be implemented in knowledge system and accomplish validation task automatically.Simulation output analysis is the most important step in model validation. Besides classical continuous dynamic fitting and statistical consistency analysis methods, we propose a domain knowledge-based method for the validation of relationship among behavior segments and aggregative behavior which is unique for complex simulation models. Domain knowledge takes the role of reference in model validation, and it varies from measured data of real system to qualitative experience of experts. Knowledge-based system is implemented based on domain knowledge and validation techniques proposed.Validation of electromagnetic rail gun simulation models are introduced as an example. It has been found that this method can provides an automatic validation way for complex simulation models, and validation tasks can be accomplished efficiently.     

概念模型的描述方法和验证过程

概念模型(Conceptual model)是对问题域抽象的产品，它对于仿真开发和仿真可信度影响重大。该文介绍了两种概念模型的描述形式。一种是科学报告方法，它采用科学报告的严谨格式，从九个方面完备、清晰地描述了概念模型；另一种是设计融合方法，它采用Rational／UML结构、图表描述概念模型，它可以指导仿真设计和实现。科学报告方法是基于文本形式的，设计融合方法是基于UML图表的，建议两种方法结合起来描述概念模型。仿真的可信度由概念验证决定，文中给出了概念验证的六个步骤。     

Knowledge-based approach to simulation model validation

Validation is an important part of simulation modeling. The shortcoming of traditional validation is lack of sufficient knowledge and lack of organization of the existing knowledge. This research explored the possibility of using knowledge from fields other than simulation, such as functional design and database design, for conceptual validation. Two simulation models were tested using the knowledge. An organization of all the knowledge into a knowledge-base was suggested.     

软件确认测试概述

软件确认测试在软件测试生命周期中占有重要地位。尽管在整个开发过程中经历了各种测试和检验，但是，在其正式发布和投入运行之前仍必需通过正式的和系统全面的测试，来确认其是否符合需求。本文介绍了软件确认测试的主要测试内容及活动，分析了确认测试在软件开发过程中的作用和地位，归纳了确认测试的基本测试模型，总结了确认测试的基本测试过程和方法。     

The roles of conceptual modelling in improving construction simulation studies: A comprehensive review

The conceptual modelling phase of simulation studies has proven to be effective in enhancing the impact of simulation modelling in different domains. However, this simulation phase did not receive much attention in the construction simulation domain. The objective of this paper is to identify the roles that conceptual modelling can play in advancing the engagement, accuracy, and adoption (among other things) of discrete-event simulation studies in construction. In this paper, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is conducted, which involves a comprehensive search of databases and researchers’ profiles to identify journal papers, conference articles, books, and theses that have reported the benefits of conceptual modelling for discrete-event simulation studies. The review resulted in 82 documents that were published from 2000 to 2020. Results indicate that the benefits of conceptual modelling include facilitating communications between stakeholders, capturing sufficient information for the simulation model, improving the quality of simulation models, guiding other simulation modelling activities, and facilitating verification and validation of simulation models. By linking these benefits to the current research agenda in construction simulation, this paper shows the significance and potential of the conceptual modelling phase to enhance the impact of discrete-event simulation studies in construction.     

一种IBIS模型建模方法

在芯片设计时,我们经常通过HSIPCE仿真来完成验证开发工作。HSIPCE模型是晶体管级模型,在系统级信 号完整性仿真应用中有很大的局限性：仿真耗时长,易泄露产品秘密,不利于知识产权保护。当前,在系统级信号完整性仿真 中,IBIS 模型被广泛使用,能被主流的软件接受并应用于仿真工作。因此,我们需进行器件的IBIS 模型建模,并将IBIS 模型提 供给用户。本文主要介绍IBIS 模型及模型的创建方法与模型的验证。     

某型导弹系统仿真模型验证

仿真模型验证是仿真可信性研究的重要组成部分，有着极其重要的意义。模型验证就是比较仿真系统输出和实际系统输出的一致性，分为静态性能验证和动态性能验证。该文在分析研究各种仿真模型验证方法的基础上，主要采用工程上常用的bayes方法和窗谱分析法对某型导弹系统仿真模型进行了定量验证，最后给出结论并讨论了这两种方法的局限性。     

A Fuzzy-neural Resemblance Approach to Validate Simulation Models

Validation is one of the most important steps in developing a reliable simulation model. It evaluates whether or not the model forms a representation of the simulated system accurate enough to satisfy the goals of the modelling study. The methods that are currently available for model validation are binary in nature in the sense that they only allow either to accept or reject the validity of the model. In this paper, we develop a new, fuzzy set theoretic method that allows to express degrees of model validity and that is hence continuous in nature. The method employs a fuzzy-neural machine learning algorithm and makes use of a new concept in fuzzy set theory known as resemblance relations. By a computational experiment, we demonstrate how our method can be used to discriminate more from less valid simulation models of a particular manufacturing process.     

基于谱估计的雷达信号模型验证方法

雷达信号模型是雷达系统仿真的重要组成部分,因此雷达信号模型验证在系统可信性分析中具有重要意义。采用经典谱估计和最大熵谱估计两种方法对仿真产生的两组雷达信号进行谱估计,提出了利用相关系数方法在频域对模型进行验证,对比分析了两种方法的优缺点,并对某雷达仿真系统与某次试验采集得到的数据进行了验证,表明此雷达仿真系统具有较高的可信度。