探究关于测试需求集的测试用例集极小化方法

软件测试是软件生产厂商在软件开发过程中非常重要的一个阶段。本文围绕着测试用例集约简技术展开研究。首先阐述了测试用例集的约简技术的含义与作用,分析了测试用例集的约简技术能够降低软件测试成本以及提高软件测试效率的方法。本文结合几种常用的测试用例集的约简技术,提出一种关于测试需求集的测试用例集极小化方法,该方法基于测试需求集的最小测试用例集的形成算法,从而得到优化的代表测试用例集,为测试用例集约简技术提供很好的理论基础和测试技术的依据。     

基于自适应高斯混合模型的软件测试用例集约简算法研究

为了最大化的找出软件测试用例集中的相似用例,实现对用例的最优精简,提出了一种自适应的高斯混合模型;提出的模型使用K-means初始化EM,自适应地确定聚类簇数目,在此过程中能够评判聚类结果,同时给出式高斯混合模型的所有参数,这些参数作为各个聚类簇进行新一轮迭代计算的参数,最终得到的结果更趋于最优解;实验结果表明,相对现有的高斯混合模型和模糊K-Means聚类模型等算法,文章提出的自适应高斯混合模型算法能够最小化软件测试用例集,约简后的用例所覆盖的范围相对更广,测试出的软件错误率较高,对软件测试用例集多变的适应性好。     

基于遗传算法测试用例集极小化研究

提出了一种应用于软件回归测试过程中的基于遗传算法的最小化测试用例集算法模型。该算法针对在软件回归测试过程中,测试套间内的测试用例间往往存在着重复覆盖测试需求的情况,因而测试套间中将存在着大量的冗余测试用例,将测试用例与测试需求之间的覆盖关系模型转化为集覆盖模型。然后利用遗传算法强大的全局搜索能力,优化在极小化的测试用例空间,较低的测试成本条件下,覆盖回归测试需求。并通过对算法的仿真结果进行分析表明,该算法较一般的优优化算法具有更高算法性能与效率。     

一种基于测试需求约简的测试用例集优化方法

测试用例集优化的目标是用尽可能少的测试用例充分满足给定的测试目标.针对给定的测试目标,获得精简的测试需求集有助于提高测试用例集优化的效率和效果.从测试需求约简的角度考虑测试用例集优化,首先给出可以精确描述测试需求间相互关系的测试需求约简模型;基于此模型,提出一种测试需求约简方法,可以获得精简测试需求集,作为测试用例集生成和约简的基础,从而实现测试用例集优化.实验结果表明,测试需求约简有助于获得规模较小的测试用例集,实现系统、科学、有效的测试.     

基于DBSCAN算法的测试用例优化方法

在软件测试研究领域,测试用例约简一直以来都是研究的重点,目前的一些研究利用测试需求之间复杂的相互关系得到约简的测试需求集,在此基础上可以优化对应的测试用例集,但单个测试需求所对应的测试用例集可能是一个密度分布且数量较大的集合.对单个测试需求所对应的测试用例集合进行合理优化约简,本文在这个方面做了深入的研究和探索,提出了两种基于黑盒测试的类等价划分和类边界值分析策略.基于DBSCAN算法提出了科学合理的参数取值方法,提高了算法的适应问题程度和效率,结合优化的算法和两种策略从而得到优化约简的测试用例集.     

基于测试需求集的测试用例集极小化算法

测试用例集约简技术是生成最小测试用例集，最大限度地对软件进行科学有效的测试，从而降低软件测试的成本、提高测试效率的关键技术之一、结合国内外几种算法的策略的基础上，提出了一种基于测试需求集的最小测试用例集的生成方法，该方法能够保证得到优化代表集。     

基于回归测试模型的用例集的优化方法研究

软件回归测试中不仅重用原有的测试用例,还要补充生成新的用例来满足系统的新功能和特征.本文针对回归测试模型,在合并原有用例集和新增用例集的基础上,根据测试需求的关系优化测试需求,然后采用启发式算法优化用例集.实例分析证明,该方法可以有效的缩减回归测试用例集的规模,大幅度降低了回归测试的费用.     

基于接口参数的黑箱测试用例自动生成算法

测试用例的选择与生成技术是软件测试尤其是黑箱测试的一个重要研究领域，测试用例的质量将直接决定软件测试的科学性和有效性．该文在一般的测试用例选择方法的基础上，提出了一种基于对接口参数进行组合覆盖的黑箱测试用例自动生成算法模型，据此可以生成一个对所有接口参数进行两两组合覆盖的测试用例表．并证明了该方法产生的测试用例具有数量少、能实现对接口参数最大限度组合覆盖的特点，从而可以在提高软件测试质量的同时，降低成本，提高效率．最后介绍了该算法在作者研究开发的测试数据生成工具中的实际效果．     

基于改进蚁群算法的软件回归测试用例集优化方法

为控制测试用例集合的冗余数据量,引进改进蚁群算法,设计针对软件回归测试的用例集优化方法。首先,建立测试用例集覆盖模型,掌握测试用例集数据信息的覆盖情况;其次,根据事件发生概率模型,以测试用例集的用例个数最小为优化目标,建立用例集优化目标函数;最后,在保证用例集满足要求的条件下,逐步缩小用例集信息的覆盖度,实现对测试用例集冗余信息的优化处理。实验结果证明,该方法可在最短迭代次数下使测试用例集达到最优,降低优化处理后测试用例集的冗余数据量。     

基于Rough集的软件测试用例优化过程

测试用例生成是软件测试的关键环节,也是软件测试的重点和难点,如何生成高效简化的测试用例是软件测试研究的重要问题之一。对此,提出了基于Rough集的软件测试用例优化过程。针对这一过程采用一种能同时得到属性核值信息的属性约简算法,提出了一种新的属性值约简算法。最后结合一个实例说明了此优化过程具有较高的效率,达到了较好的测试用例优化效果。     

Multi-Objective Modified Particle Swarm Optimization for Test Suite Reduction (MOMPSO)

Software testing plays a pivotal role in entire software development lifecycle. It provides researchers with extensive opportunities to develop novel methods for the optimized and cost-effective test suite Although implementation of such a cost-effective test suite with regression testing is being under exploration still it contains lot of challenges and flaws while incorporating with any of the new regression testing algorithm due to irrelevant test cases in the test suite which are not required. These kinds of irrelevant test cases might create certain challenges such as code-coverage in the test suite, fault-tolerance, defects due to uncovered-statements and overall-performance at the time of execution. With this objective, the proposed a new Modified Particle Swarm optimization used for multi-objective test suite optimization. The experiment results involving six subject programs show that MOMPSO method can outer perform with respect to both reduction rate (90.78% to 100%) and failure detection rate (44.56% to 55.01%). Results proved MOMPSO outperformed the other stated algorithms.     

改进型程序切片方法的测试需求约简技术研究

传统的测试用例集约简技术大多采用由测试需求集直接生成测试用例集的方法.该方法虽然能够约简测试用例集,但出现测试需求冗余,约简后的测试用例集不够精准等问题.针对这些问题,提出了一种基于六元结构表的程序切片方法.利用程序切片精简测试代码,省去构造程序依赖图的复杂步骤;根据代码间的相互关系和模块间的耦合度,利用启发式算法约简测试需求;在约简后的测试需求上,精简测试用例集.将该方法应用到当前主流的Android平台上比较约简前后G,GRE的用例集.实验结果表明:约简后的测试需求集能够在获得较少的测试用例集的前提下保证较高的覆盖率.     

Improving Fault Detection Capability by Selectively Retaining Test Cases during Test Suite Reduction

Software testing is a critical part of software development. As new test cases are generated over time due to software modifications, test suite sizes may grow significantly. Because of time and resource constraints for testing, test suite minimization techniques are needed to remove those test cases from a suite that, due to code modifications over time, have become redundant with respect to the coverage of testing requirements for which they were generated. Prior work has shown that test suite minimization with respect to a given testing criterion can significantly diminish the fault detection effectiveness (FDE) of suites. We present a new approach for test suite reduction that attempts to use additional coverage information of test cases to selectively keep some additional test cases in the reduced suites that are redundant with respect to the testing criteria used for suite minimization, with the goal of improving the FDE retention of the reduced suites. We implemented our approach by modifying an existing heuristic for test suite minimization. Our experiments show that our approach can significantly improve the FDE of reduced test suites without severely affecting the extent of suite size reduction     

Test suite reduction methods that decrease regression testing costs by identifying irreplaceable tests

ContextIn software development and maintenance, a software system may frequently be updated to meet rapidly changing user requirements. New test cases will be designed to ensure the correctness of new or modified functions, thus gradually increasing the test suite’s size. Test suite reduction techniques aim to decrease the cost of regression testing by removing the redundant test cases from the test suite and then obtaining a representative set of test cases that still yield a high level of code coverage.ObjectiveMost of the existing reduction algorithms focus on decreasing the test suite’s size. Yet, the differences in execution costs among test cases are usually significant and it may take a lot of execution time to run a test suite consisting of a few long-running test cases. This paper presents and empirically evaluates cost-aware algorithms that can produce the representative sets with lower execution costs.MethodWe first use a cost-aware test case metric, called Irreplaceability, and its enhanced version, called EIrreplaceability, to evaluate the possibility that each test case can be replaced by others during test suite reduction. Furthermore, we construct a cost-aware framework that incorporates the concept of test irreplaceability into some well-known test suite reduction algorithms.ResultsThe effectiveness of the cost-aware framework is evaluated via the subject programs and test suites collected from the Software-artifact Infrastructure Repository — frequently chosen benchmarks for experimentally evaluating test suite reduction methods. The empirical results reveal that the presented algorithms produce representative sets that normally incur a low cost to yield a high level of test coverage.ConclusionThe presented techniques indeed enhance the capability of the traditional reduction algorithms to reduce the execution cost of a test suite. Especially for the additional Greedy algorithm, the presented techniques decrease the costs of the representative sets by 8.10–46.57%.     

Test-suite reduction and prioritization for modified condition/decision coverage

Software testing is particularly expensive for developers of high-assurance software, such as software that is produced for commercial airborne systems. One reason for this expense is the Federal Aviation Administration's requirement that test suites be modified condition/decision coverage (MC/DC) adequate. Despite its cost, there is evidence that MC/DC is an effective verification technique and can help to uncover safety faults. As the software is modified and new test cases are added to the test suite, the test suite grows and the cost of regression testing increases. To address the test-suite size problem, researchers have investigated the use of test-suite reduction algorithms, which identify a reduced test suite that provides the same coverage of the software according to some criterion as the original test suite, and test-suite prioritization algorithms, which identify an ordering of the test cases in the test suite according to some criteria or goals. Existing test-suite reduction and prioritization techniques, however, may not be effective in reducing or prioritizing MC/DC-adequate test suites because they do not consider the complexity of the criterion. This paper presents new algorithms for test-suite reduction and prioritization that can be tailored effectively for use with MC/DC. The paper also presents the results of empirical studies of these algorithms.     

A novel strategy for automatic test data generation using soft computing technique

Software testing is one of the most crucial and analytical aspect to assure that developed software meets prescribed quality standards. Software development process invests at least 50% of the total cost in software testing process. Optimum and efficacious test data design of software is an important and challenging activity due to the nonlinear structure of software. Moreover, test case type and scope determines the quality of test data. To address this issue, software testing tools should employ intelligence based soft computing techniques like particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) to generate smart and efficient test data automatically. This paper presents a hybrid PSO and GA based heuristic for automatic generation of test suites. In this paper, we described the design and implementation of the proposed strategy and evaluated our model by performing experiments with ten container classes from the Java standard library. We analyzed our algorithm statistically with test adequacy criterion as branch coverage. The performance adequacy criterion is taken as percentage coverage per unit time and percentage of faults detected by the generated test data. We have compared our work with the heuristic based upon GA, PSO, existing hybrid strategies based on GA and PSO and memetic algorithm. The results showed that the test case generation is efficient in our work.     

基于图分析的测试用例集优化

根据被测系统接口参数之间的关系,研究接口参数集与二部图之间的联系,提出接口参数集的相关定义、分类和性质并证明这些性质。在此基础上提出一种基于图的测试用例集优化算法,用于约简和优化测试用例集。实例分析表明该方法能够在保持测试用例覆盖率不减的情况下,较大地减小被测系统的测试用例集规模,提高测试效率。     

Experiments with test case prioritization using relevant slices

Software testing and retesting occurs continuously during the software development lifecycle to detect errors as early as possible and to gain confidence that changes to software do not introduce defects. Once developed, test suites are reused and updated frequently, and their sizes grow as software evolves. Due to time and resource constraints, an important goal during regression testing of software is to prioritize the execution of test cases in a suite so as to improve the chances of increasing the rate of fault detection. Prior techniques for test case prioritization are based on the total number of coverage requirements exercised by the test cases. In this paper, we present a new approach to prioritize test cases that takes into account the coverage requirements present in the relevant slices of the outputs of test cases. We have implemented three different heuristics based on our relevant slicing based approach to prioritize test cases and conducted experiments to compare the effectiveness of our techniques with those of the traditional techniques that only account for the total requirement coverage. Our detailed experimental study and results provide interesting insights into the effectiveness of using relevant slices for test case prioritization in terms of ability to achieve high rate of fault detection.     

一种最小测试用例集生成方法

测试用例的数量和质量决定软件测试的成本和有效性．该文提出了一种生成最小测试用例集的方法，该方法首先充分考虑测试目标中各个测试需求之间的相互关系，将满足测试需求的所有可用测试用例进行划分，根据划分的结果生成一个测试用例集，然后利用启发式算法、贪心算法或整数规划方法来消除冗余，对这个测试用例集进行进一步的简化．这种方法与已有方法相比，优点在于它可以生成满足所有测试需求的最小测试用例集．