一种基于滑动窗口的数据流摘要构造算法

由于数据流具有无限、高速等特性,使得对数据流的查询处理往往不是面向整个数据流,而是把查询处理的范围限定在某个可操作的范围内,比如一个数据窗口。另一方面,通过数据摘要近似表达数据,也是数据流查询处理应对存储空间约束的常用策略。本文提出一种基于滑动窗口的数据流小波摘要构造算法,利用了窗口技术与数据摘要技术的优点。算法的基本思路是基于滑动窗口模型,将数据流划分成若干等宽基本窗口,每个基本窗口内数据进行小波分解与系数约简,从而形成滑动小波摘要窗口。为使窗口内数据摘要绝对重构误差最优,定义一个系数删减标准,采用贪心策略对窗口内小波系数逐步求精,从而获得最优绝对误差小波摘要。实际应用结果证明了算法的有效性。     

基于小波和偶合特征的多数据流压缩算法

提出了基于Haar小波技术和偶合特征的多数据流压缩方法.主要研究成果包括:(1) 证明了Haar小波变换服从能量守恒规律,并用于压缩数据流;(2) 揭示了数据流的偶合度与变化趋势的相关性、偶合度的平移不变性及等价规律,采用特征流序列的小波系数和流能量近似表示流的趋势,达到压缩的目的;(3) 提出了多尺度能量分解模型,提高了表示精度;(4) 设计了多尺度能量分解压缩算法以及多尺度重构算法;(5) 在真实数据集上的实验表明,新方法的压缩比是传统小波方法的2～4倍.     

一种基于概率的小波梗概算法

传统的流数据等数据库应用系统中小波梗概生成算法,采用了确定的阈值来选取小波系数,利用小波系数重构原始数据。针对这种方法对数据重构和单独的近似查询缺少质量保证的问题,提出了一种基于概率的、动态选取阈值(DTSA)的方法来决定小波系数的取舍。对每个小波系数为它设定一个保留概率,利用这个概率对它进行一次选择,以决定它是否被保留。     

数据流上具有数据遗忘特性的小波概要

动态地维护数据流的概要结构是数据流查询和挖掘等处理工作的基础.在许多数据流应用场合,数据的影响随时间衰减,流中数据被逐步遗忘,称为数据流的遗忘特性.在数据流概要的构造中,应体现这种特性.离散小波变换是一种应用得较多的数据流概要构造方法.将数据流的遗忘特性引入小波概要的构造中,提出了一种能反映数据流遗忘特性的小波概要结构:基于小波的分层遗忘概要,分别讨论了误差平方和及最大绝对误差两种误差度量标准下这种概要的构造方法.所进行的实验验证了该概要的有效性.     

一种基于滑动窗口的数据流相似性查询算法

相似性查询是一种非常重要的数据挖掘应用。由于数据流具有无限、高速等特性,传统的查询算法不能直接应用于数据流。提出了一种基于小波滑动窗口的多数据流相似性查询算法。算法首先将滑动窗口划分成若干等宽基本窗口,然后对每个基本窗口内的数据进行小波分解与系数约简,从而形成小波摘要窗口。执行相似性查询时,直接基于小波摘要进行计算,而无需数据重构。由于利用了小波分解的线性处理优点,算法具有较低的时间复杂度。最后,基于实际数据对算法进行了实验,实验结果证明了算法的有效性。     

基于滑动窗口的数据流压缩技术及连续查询处理方法

基于滑动窗口的连续查询处理是数据流研究领域的一个热点问题．已有的研究工作均假设滑动窗口内的数据能够全部保存在主存中，若滑动窗口内的数据量超过了可用主存空间，已有的查询处理方法则无法正常工作．提出两种数据流上的滑动窗口压缩技术，有效地降低了滑动窗口的存储空间需求．同时，给出了基于压缩滑动窗口的连续查询处理算法，理论分析和实验结果表明，这些算法具有很好的性能，能够满足数据流连续查询处理的实时性要求．     

一种时间序列相似匹配新算法

为提高时间序列相似匹配的精度和效率，提出一种基于小波包变换的时间序列相似匹配算法．首先利用小波包可对信号进行精细分析的特点，对时间序列进行维数约简，用变换后的低频系数和部分高频均值系数作为特征向量表示原始序列；然后用多维索引结构R树存储这些特征向量，将欧几里德距离作为相似尺度，在此基础上实现了范围查询和k近邻查询，对电力负荷时间序列数据的仿真实验结果表明了算法的有效性。     

基于倾斜时间窗口的高效数据流偏向最近聚类分析算法

提出一种基于倾斜时间窗口的数据流偏向最近聚类算法。该算法首先通过将滑动窗口中数据等长分割形成不重叠的数据块——基本窗口,然后对每一基本窗口以Haar小波变换提取窗口数据的特征,通过改变所取各基本窗口小波变换系数个数达到保留较多最近数据细节特征的目的,即对于越近的基本窗口保留越多的小波系数而越旧的基本窗口保留越少的小波系数,最后通过定义数据流偏向最近距离,完成基于倾斜时间窗口的偏向最近聚类算法。该算法计算速度快,能高效地实现数据流偏向最近聚类分析。仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于最佳补偿比例因子的整数小波变换

为了提高提升格式下整数小波变换的有损压缩性能,提出了基于最佳补偿比例因子的优化算法。根据变换后小波系数和滤波器的特性,分别采用子带近似线性逼近和量化补偿噪声取代取整运算的方法,求得小波分解后各个子带的最佳补偿比例因子。利用这个比例因子补偿整数小波变换的非线性带来的近似误差以达到优化目的。实验结果表明,在不增加运算复杂度的情况下,所得压缩图像的峰值信噪比(PSNR)与基于浮点运算的传统离散小波变换几乎一样。     

传感器网络中基于区间小波变换的混合熵数据压缩算法

考虑传感器网络的数据特性及小波变换在流数据压缩方面的良好性能,提出了一种基于区间小波变换的混合熵数据压缩方法。理论分析和仿真结果表明,结合传统的DC(Data Centric)算法-DD (Directed Diffusion)路由算法,新算法能对传感器网络中的数据流进行有效压缩,可更大程度地降低DD路由算法下节点数据传输的能耗,从而可进一步延长整个网络的生命周期。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate