基于主动视觉的运动目标检测跟踪方法

研究主动视觉运动目标检测跟踪系统。针对图像目标跟踪多为非连续动态过程,准确性差,通过混合高斯法建立背景模型,采用背景差分法,利用最大类间方差算法确定阈值,检测分割出运动目标,提出一种结合SURF算法的带宽自适应均值漂移跟踪算法实现目标跟踪,使用线程并行控制摄像机运动,确保跟踪目标在图像序列中的合适尺寸。实验表明,改进系统能够实现对场景中运动目标的准确检测,稳定跟踪,并能到达实时应用的要求。     

基于SURF的压缩跟踪算法研究

目标跟踪技术作为机器视觉领域中的基础,有着广泛的应用,但其仍然存在许多问题。为了解决目标在光照变化和快速移动场景下跟踪漂移的问题,提出了基于SURF的压缩跟踪算法。首先选择跟踪目标并提取SURF特征,其次采用压缩感知理论对SURF高维特征降维,来减少特征描述的维数和计算时间,最后筛选压缩后的样本特征并训练分类器,来实现对多种复杂场景下目标实时准确跟踪。通过实验与传统的SURF算法和Compressive Tracking(CT)算法的对比,证明该算法不仅大大减少了目标在跟踪的过程中的计算量,其跟踪的实时性和准确性相较于CT算法和SURF算法都有所提高。     

基于改进的颜色和SURF特征的粒子滤波目标跟踪

针对视频中运动目标的准确跟踪问题,提出了一种改进的颜色直方图特征和SURF特征的粒子滤波跟踪算法。采用SURF算法提取特征点,利用分层迭代的KLT算法对特征点进行稳定跟踪。将SURF特征与改进的视觉显著性颜色特征进行乘性融合,作为粒子滤波的观测概率。针对跟踪过程中SURF匹配数下降和不稳定的现象,设计了SURF特征模板集的更新策略。与传统特征的跟踪进行多组对比实验,其结果证明了该方法对光照和遮挡具有很好的鲁棒性,对目标跟踪的准确率更高。     

改进的SURF算法及其在目标跟踪中的应用

SURF特征描述子在目标跟踪中得到了有效应用.针对SURF特征描述子运算复杂,难于在嵌入式系统中实时实现的问题,提出了一种改进的SURF特征描述子.对SURF特征描述子的生成过程进行了改进,利用三角特征和对角线特征设计了改进的SURF特征描述子.对不同变化情况下的图片进行了特征点匹配实验,对其性能进行了验证和分析;在DSP中对所提改进SURF特征描述子的快速实现进行了验证,在实验条件下,改进的SURF特征描述子在DSP中的运算速度达到了28f/s,比改进前提高了约47％.最后,基于SURF特征点匹配,设计了目标匹配跟踪策略,对改进SURF特征描述子在目标跟踪中的有效性进行了验证.     

基于SURF和CamShift的物体跟踪方法

CamShift算法是一种常用的跟踪算法,但是它只利用颜色特征来进行目标跟踪,当背景颜色与跟踪目标的颜色相似时会出现跟踪失败的情况。结合SURF设计了一种基于SURF和CamShift算法的创新的跟踪方法。利用反馈机制计算CamShift跟踪窗口与初始窗口的特征相似度以及SURF跟踪窗口与初始窗口的色彩相似度;同时抑制大的位移变化,为两种跟踪算法动态分配位移的权重,以实现对物体的跟踪。测试实验表明,该跟踪方法对不同的物体、在不同的环境下有较好的效果。     

一种基于改进CAMshift的多特征跟踪算法

针对传统CAMshift跟踪算法在复杂环境中跟踪效果不理想的问题,论文提出融入基于纹理特征的SURF算法与改进CAMshift算法形成多特征融合跟踪算法。通过基于色调分量H和饱和度分量S联合生成目标直方图模板,利用完整的目标颜色信息特征增强算法对复杂环境的适应能力。为进一步提高算法的鲁棒性,利用SURF算法实现跟踪目标的重定位,克服了复杂环境下丢失目标后跟踪问题。实验证明,论文提出的多特征融合算法在保持理想的鲁棒性和准确性的同时,也提高了跟踪的实时性。     

在线多类别逐点式多目标跟踪与分割

现有基于深度学习的多目标跟踪算法大多利用目标检测任务预测的边界框跟踪目标,当目标间存在遮挡时,边界框会产生重叠进而影响跟踪准确度,针对这个问题,提出了一种在线多类别逐点式多目标跟踪与分割（category-free point-wise multi-object tracking and segmentation,CPMOTS）算法。该算法摒弃了边界框的目标表征方式,利用实例分割的像素级掩码表征目标进行跟踪,网络采用并行结构同时分割与跟踪多类别目标,并保证了运行效率,这在真实场景中有很强的实用性。CPMOTS首先利用实例分割网络得到实例分割掩码,对其采样得到无序点集;然后将点集的特征输入跟踪网络得到判别性的实例级嵌入向量;最后将该嵌入向量通过直观高效的注意力模块以显式建模其通道间的依赖关系,自适应学习每个特征通道的重要程度,依照这个重要程度选择性地强化有用的特征,抑制无用的特征,实现通道特征重标定,从而提高算法的性能。在多目标跟踪与分割基准数据集KITTI MOTS的实验表明,CPMOTS跟踪的精度优于大部分其他对比方法,并达到了16 frame/s的近实时速度。     

基于SURF的增强现实标识物跟踪注册

针对基于标识物的增强现实跟踪注册方法对复杂环境的适应能力和鲁棒性的不足,提出一种用SURF实现标识物跟踪注册的改进算法。用SURF对平面标识物的特征点进行检测与描述,采用K-means算法对检测出的标识物特征点集合进行聚类分析得到其聚类中心,结合对视频图像中标识物的阈值分割与连通域分析,以聚类中心构建标识物的SURF特征点坐标系,通过矩阵变换实现标识物的跟踪注册。实验结果表明,该算法的增强现实系统具备较好的鲁棒性、稳定性和实时性。     

基于SURF算法的人脸跟踪技术研究

人脸检测与跟踪技术是计算机视觉领域研究课题之一,在军事及民用领域应用广泛.在目标检测算法中,基于特征的方法具有压缩信息量、执行速度快、精度高等优点,成为近年来目标检测领域的研究热点.SIFT算法便是其中之一,但传统的SIFT算法应用于人脸检测过程中有数据量大、计算耗时长,提出了一种基于SURF算法的人脸检测方法,阐述了SURF算法的基本原理,并首先将SURF算法应用于人脸特征检测与跟踪,阐述了人脸跟踪系统设计方法,使用OpenCV技术实现了基于SURF算法的人脸跟踪验证系统.试验结果表明,基于SURF算法的人脸跟踪系统匹配识别效果较好,实时性较好、具有较好鲁棒性.     

一种有效的实时人群计数方法

对固定镜头下视频序列中运动人体的检测和跟踪方法进行研究,利用灰度图像差分双向投影信息检测人体目标,提出一种基于统计运动区域几何特征固定比例的分割算法,使用最近邻匹配方法对人体进行跟踪。完整地实现了一个有效的实时人群计数系统。大量室内和室外场景实验结果表明,该算法具有很好的实时性(每秒处理25帧~30帧且可并行处理4路视频)、对光照变化的鲁棒性以及对稀疏人群检测精度高等特点。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate