基于DSP的疲劳驾驶检测系统的研究

针对汽车驾驶员疲劳驾驶检测的要求,设计了一种基于图像处理DSP芯片DM6437的疲劳驾驶视觉检测系统。通过DSP的GPIO口用软件控制摄像头轴上和轴外的两种不同波长的近红外光源(850nm/950nn)交替采集驾驶员图像,根据亮瞳效应两帧图像差分后粗定位人眼,用模板检测提取人眼的边界,根据PERCLOS值方法判断驾驶员是否疲劳。根据人眼的不同状态分别处理,用蜂鸣器作为报警系统提醒驾驶员。实验表明,该系统简单实用,而且能够全天候准确快速地判断驾驶员是否疲劳。     

基于形状特征的人眼状态判断

人眼状态判断在驾驶员疲劳检测等众多领域有着广阔的应用前景与重要的现实意义。为了克服不同驾驶员眼睛形状的差异以及在行驶过程中面部偏转、倾斜的影响,结合人眼内部形状空间域特征、人眼内部形状变换域的伪Zernike矩特征和模板匹配技术,采用基于格贴近度的分类器对人眼状态进行判断。实验结果表明该方法准确度高、受外在因素影响小,计算速度可以满足视频信息处理的需要。     

驾驶员眼部状态检测研究

对拍摄得到的驾驶员视频帧图像,使用复合肤色模型检测人脸;通过自适应边缘检测、图像增强等方法处理得到特征图像,经特征区域筛选,依据人脸先验知识匹配得到最佳人眼对;提取眼部特征向量,结合LVQ神经网络进行模式识别检测眼部状态,为判断驾驶员是否处于疲劳状态提供判据。     

基于KLT算法的驾驶员疲劳检测方法

为了有效解决驾驶员过度疲劳引发交通事故的问题,提出了一种基于KLT(kanade-lucas-tomasi)算法的驾驶员视觉疲劳检测算法.首先在驾驶员眼睛周围选取若干个特征点,用KIT算法对这些特征点进行跟踪,从而来定位人眼,然后将定位到的人眼与模板进行比较,采用阈值的方法,计算二者的相似度,从而判断眼睛的状态.针对该方法受光照影响较大的问题,又提出背景模型对该算法作了较大改进.通过对采集到的视频流的处理,结果表明该方法有较好的实用性.     

用于驾驶疲劳检测的人眼定位及状态判别算法

基于驾驶疲劳研究中的视频图像,提出一种新的适用于驾驶疲劳检测的人眼定位及状态判别算法。定位算法利用Gabor小波变换对图像进行预处理,提取基于图像的地形图特征,并利用支持向量机的方法对候选特征区域进行验证,然后在定位区域对人眼状态进行判断。经实验验证,该方法可以定位睁眼及闭眼图像,并可以定性和定量判断人眼状态。采用该方法获得的人眼状态信息将为后续的驾驶疲劳分析提供重要的数据。     

一种用于驾驶员疲劳检测的人眼状态判别方法

在车辆行驶过程中,可以通过对驾驶员眼睛状态的判断进行疲劳检测。本文针对人眼疲劳检测问题提出了一种新方法,首先用模板匹配法定位出人眼区域,然后对获得的人眼区域进行预处理和积分投影,通过对积分投影图像的分析来对眼睛进行状态判别。实验证明该方法可以有效检测出人眼的状态。     

基于眼睛和嘴巴状态的驾驶员疲劳检测算法

针对列车驾驶员疲劳检测问题,提出一种基于人眼和嘴巴状态的驾驶员疲劳检测算法。首先采用改进的AdaBoost算法精确定位驾驶员脸部区域。然后通过模板匹配定位人眼,并根据人脸的几何特征定位嘴巴。最后计算每一帧图像的PERCLOS(per-cent eyelid closure)参数和嘴部动作频率,统计单位时间内双参数与对应阈值的关系,作为判断驾驶疲劳的依据。实验结果表明,在正常光照下,综合眼睛和嘴部信息,比采用单参数检测算法减少了误判、漏判的概率,具有较高的准确性和鲁棒性。     

红外图像的疲劳状态识别方法

为了解决光照变化对疲劳检测系统造成的识别准确性不高的问题,提出了一种近红外环境下判断人眼状态的方法,即针对红外光补图像的人眼状态判断;首先,利用Adaboost算法进行人眼区域定位,在网格法标记人眼瞳孔部分的基础上,采用Retinex算法对红外图像进行增强;接着,结合“亮瞳效应”特性,对二值化以及边缘检测后的红外图像分别进行网格法闭合度计算,得到人眼闭合度大小;最后,根据闭合度计算结果设定双阈值并结合PERCLOS准则来判断人眼特征状态;另外,在DM642硬件平台上进行疲劳检测试验,实验结果表明,该方法的人眼状态识别率达到了90%以上,且平均每秒能处理21帧图片;证明了该方法不仅能有效解决光照变化带来的问题,而且满足疲劳状态检测系统的快速性、准确性和有效性等要求。     

基于深度学习和面部多特征融合的驾驶员疲劳检测研究

驾驶员疲劳驾驶是造成交通事故的重要原因之一。本文提出了基于深度学习和面部多特征融合的驾驶员疲劳检测研究方法。首先采用多任务级联卷积神经网络MTCNN（Multi-task convolutional neural network)结构进行面部检测和特征点定位,并利用Dlib工具包中的面部68个地标,提取驾驶员面部的特征参数;其次,基于眼睛纵横比（EAR）,眼睛闭合百分比（PECLORS）和嘴巴高宽比（ MAR）的值按不同的权值相加得到参数M,在一定时间内累加M>0.605的帧数判断驾驶员疲劳的程度。最后,试验结果表明：本方法能够有效地利用视频图像实时检测驾驶员疲劳状态,其准确率和灵敏度分别为93.1%和90.2%,对于保护驾驶员及车辆行驶安全具有重大意义。     

基于PERCLOS的驾驶员眼睛状态检测方法

利用驾驶员眼睛的状态判断驾驶员的疲劳状况是一种实时的、非接触式的方法。首先对眼睛进行精确定位,再根据眼睛面积的减小程度来判断眼睛的睁开或闭合状态,进一步通过记录眼睛闭合的次数、眼睛持续闭合的时间来检测驾驶员是否处于疲劳状态。本文采用肤色分割、去除与边界连通的区域、逐步减小眼睛区域候选范围的方法来定位人眼,再计算眼睛区域的面积,眼睛闭合时间,此方法不受复杂背景影响,对各种肤色、各种姿态的人脸均适用。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate