基于听觉掩蔽模型和量化的音频水印算法

提出一种基于听觉掩蔽模型的音频数字水印算法,根据掩蔽阚值量化音频经DCT变换后的低频系数来嵌入水印。实验结果证明所嵌入的水印具有很好的不可感知性,对加白噪声、低通滤波和重采样等各种攻击具有良好的鲁棒性。     

一种基于H.264的鲁棒视频水印算法

由于H.264标准视频的流行,对数字视频水的版权保护和认证的需求在不断增加。本文提出了一种基于H.264视频编解码标准的鲁棒视频水印算法。水印经过了增加帧同步信息,扩频编码和纠错编码的预处理后有着很强的鲁棒性。在嵌入过程中,选择了残差的DCT系数与参考块像素的DCT系数和作为嵌入载体,而不是通常的残差DCT系数,该处理可以很好的提高水印算法对视频攻击,如帧率攻击和码率攻击的鲁棒性,同时在嵌入的过程中,通过应用一个针对4*4的DCT的人类视觉系统来控制嵌入强度,使得水印算法对视频的视觉质量的影响降到最小。实验结果表明:本算法对多种攻击,如分辨率攻击、帧率攻击、码率攻击和重编码都有很好的鲁棒性,同时能保持很高的视觉质量。     

基于神经网络的复合变换域视频水印算法研究

针对目前视频水印算法存在的鲁棒性较差,可靠性较低等问题,提出了一种结合神经网络将二值水印嵌入到经过离散小波变换(DWT)和离散余弦变换(DCT)后的宿主视频中的新方法;为使算法具有更好的不可见性、鲁棒性和实用性,利用三层RBF神经网络训练出水印嵌入强度,在视频中自适应嵌入水印;该方法是对宿主视频进行DWT处理,再对逼近子图LL进行DCT处理,通过修改DCT系数嵌入水印信息;在嵌入之前对二值水印进行了Arnold变换来加密;通过实验结果中PSNR与NC的值表明,算法具有很强的抗攻击和承受帧删除、帧平均等操作的能力,不可感知性好,鲁棒性明显优于一般的嵌入算法。     

人眼视觉特性与SIFT相结合的视频双水印算法

针对视频水印容易遭受几何攻击以及水印的鲁棒性与透明性的平衡问题,提出一种基于人眼视觉特性与尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）相结合的抗几何攻击视频双水印算法。首先获取视频序列中人眼视觉掩蔽阈值作为水印的最大嵌入强度。其次,将视频帧进行离散小波变换（DWT）,对中高频子带系数提出基于视频运动信息的自适应水印算法;针对低频子带,提出基于小波低频系数统计特性的抗几何攻击视频水印算法。最后,以SIFT作为触发器判断视频帧是否遭受几何攻击,对遭受几何攻击的视频帧利用SIFT的尺度与方向不变性进行校正,并对校正后的视频帧提取水印信号;针对非几何攻击的视频帧,直接利用中高频提取算法。所提算法与实时性视频水印算法——基于小波域直方图的视频水印（VW-HDWT）算法比较,峰值性噪比值（PSNR）提高了7.5%;与基于特征区域的水印算法相比,水印嵌入容量提高约10倍。实验结果表明,在保证水印透明度较好的情况下,所提算法对常规几何攻击具有较强的鲁棒性。     

一种基于位纠错的MPEG-4视频盲水印算法

提出一种MPEG-4盲视频水印算法：二值水印图像经Arnold变换扩频并与伪随机序列调制后得到的水印信息相同地嵌入到每一视频帧Y分量的DCT低中颊系数中,通过水印住来调整这些系数的大小,然后根据它们对嵌入强度的余数范围来提取水印位,该算法简单易实现。实验结果表明：本算法具有很好的不可见性,并对JPEG压缩、涂改、椒盐噪声和剪切等攻击都有很好的鲁棒性。     

一种基于D CT的序列分组水印算法

在保证鲁棒性前提下,为了进一步提高水印的不可感知性,提出了一种基于DCT变换的二值序列分组数字水印算法。该算法选择载体图像的部分中频系数作为可嵌入的位置空间,同时将水印的分组数值映射到该空间中的一个具体系数作为实际内嵌位置。算法利用一个DCT系数嵌入多比特水印信息,减少了水印嵌入过程中需要修改的系数量,提高了水印算法的感觉容量。实验结果表明,该算法能够实现水印嵌入位置的随机选取,并对典型攻击具有鲁棒性。     

利用DCT系数映射关系快速实现视频水印嵌入

针对MPEG-2视频压缩标准,提出一种具备快速实现能力的鲁棒性视频水印嵌入方案。利用视频帧分块DCT系数与整体DCT系数间的映射关系,在水印嵌入和提取过程中避免对视频进行完全解码,减小计算量,提高水印算法实时嵌入、实时检测能力。实验结果表明,该方法能抵抗缩小攻击、高斯白噪声攻击、MPEG-2重编码压缩攻击,而且能够快速实现。     

基于量化和听觉感知的数字音频水印

论文提出了一种新的用于音频作品版权保护的数字水印算法。水印(二值标志图像)由相邻小波包系数的特定量化关系表示。心理声学模型控制水印嵌入和小波包分解过程,确保水印嵌入是不可感知的,同时使子带分解结构接近于临界频带,因此与以往算法相比该算法提高了子带掩蔽阈值,即加大了水印的抗攻击范围,增强了水印的鲁棒性。实验结果显示该算法能有效抵抗MP3压缩,低通滤波,重新采样和添加白/随机噪声等多种攻击。     

基于QDCT全局均分策略的鲁棒视频水印方案

视频水印作为一种应用前景广阔的版权保护技术,近年来受到了广泛关注。与原始域方案不同,压缩域方案不需要完全编解码视频,具有更高的效率;并且视频存储和传输一般需要经过压缩编码才能进行,使得压缩域的鲁棒视频水印方案成为了研究热点。但现有的压缩域方案大多利用压缩域中的QDCT系数个体来嵌入水印,使得算法的鲁棒性不高。为了增加压缩域算法的鲁棒性,文中提出了一种基于QDCT全局均分策略的鲁棒视频水印方案。首先,利用非零系数个数选出视频中兼具纹理和高空间复杂度的块作为水印块,将两块水印块组成块对;然后,分别计算出块对中所有系数的总和,根据系数总和的大小以及水印信息,通过全局均分策略修改后序块内所有非零系数的幅值,来满足方案设置的块对系数和规则,以实现水印的嵌入。实验结果表明,在保证含水印视频具有较高视觉质量的前提下,该方案抵抗重压缩攻击和噪声攻击的鲁棒性均优于现有压缩域的鲁棒视频水印方案,分别提高了8%,9%。     

基于小波系数能量分析的数字音频盲水印算法

设计了一种基于小波系数能量分析的数字音频盲水印算法.通过修改离散小波变换获得的低频系数,嵌入混沌加密后水印序列.实验结果表明,水印具有较好的鲁棒性和不可感知性,能有效抵抗低通滤波、重采样、噪声干扰,MP3压缩等常见的攻击,且水印的提取不需要原始音频信号.     

引入Foveation视觉模型的MPEG视频码流码率转换

视频码流转换是支持在异质网络环境中进行视频通信的关键技术之一。提出了一种充分利用人类视觉系统特性的MPEG视频码流码率转换方法。与原有方法相比,该方法在转换过程中巧妙地使用Foveation视觉模型,有效地提高转换效率,产生视觉质量更好的低码率码流,并减少了计算量。     

Robust transcoding resistant watermarking for H.264 standard

Content in the digital form can be easily copied and distributed without permission of the owner. As a result, it is of paramount importance to protect content and deter illegal distribution using content protection mechanisms like embedding an imperceptible watermark into the content. Given that consumers want access to content from anywhere using any device, it is necessary to transcode content keeping in mind the limitations of the devices in terms of processing power and network connectivity. However, it is important that the watermark embedded in the content is preserved even after transcoding. The proposed approach embeds in a video, an imperceptible yet robust watermark which is resistant to transcoding. This approach focuses on the H.264 codec because of its widespread use in the industry.     

基于CIF-to-QCIF变换的压缩域视频水印算法

现有视频水印算法的设计目标主要是对有损压缩、重量化编码等处理具有鲁棒性,但很少考虑视频帧格式变换因素,使水印对这类处理不具有鲁棒性。论文结合视频帧格式由CIF到QCIF的变换设计了一个压缩域的视频盲水印算法,水印被嵌入到CIF格式的视频流中,既可以从CIF视频中提取也可以从QCIF视频中提取,实验结果表明提出的算法对MPEG重编码以及CIF到QCIF的视频格式变换具有鲁棒性,而且整个嵌入提取过程都基于DCT域,具有较低的计算复杂度。     

Influence of downsampling filter characteristics on compression performance in wavelet-based scalable video coding

The application of different downsampling filters in video coding directly models visual information at lower resolutions and influences the compression performance of a chosen coding system. In wavelet-based scalable video coding the spatial scalability is achieved by the application of wavelets as downsampling filters. However, characteristics of different wavelets influence the performance at targeting spatio-temporal decoding points. An analysis of different downsampling filters in popular wavelet-based scalable video coding schemes is presented. Evaluation is performed for both intra- and inter-coding schemes using wavelets and standard downsampling strategies. On the basis of the obtained results a new concept of inter-resolution prediction is proposed, which maximises the average performance using a combination of standard downsampling filters and wavelet-based coding.     

视频转码应用分析

在视频会议系统中还有日常拍摄处理视频时,需要利用视频转码技术对传统和新兴视频流进行格式转换。使用转码的意义在于可以在不损失任何视频质量的前提下节省高达50％的网络带宽。转码的分类按照媒体格式可分为音频转码、视频转码,视频转码比较出名的有暴风转码、格式工厂,音频转码用大众的千千静听就能满足使用需要。本文以转码应用为研究对象,进一步分析软件转码技术的应用。     

基于Spark Streaming的快速视频转码方法

针对单机视频转码方法转码速度较慢和面向批处理的并行转码方法效率提升有限的问题,基于Spark Streaming分布式流处理框架,提出了一种面向流处理的快速视频转码方法。首先,使用开源多媒体处理工具FFmpeg,构建了自动化的视频切片模型,提出编程算法;然后,针对并行视频转码的特点,对弹性分布式数据集（RDD）进行研究,构建了视频转码的流处理模型;最后,设计视频合并方案,将合并后的视频文件进行有效储存。根据所提出的快速视频转码方法设计与实现了基于Spark Streaming的快速视频转码系统。实验结果表明,与面向批处理Hadoop视频转码方法相比,所提方法转码效率提升了26.7%;与基于Hadoop平台的视频并行转码方法相比,该方法转码效率提升了20.1%。     

Dyadic spatial resolution reduction transcoding for H.264/AVC

In this paper, we examine spatial resolution downscaling transcoding for H.264/AVC video coding. A number of advanced coding tools limit the applicability of techniques, which were developed for previous video coding standards. We present a spatial resolution reduction transcoding architecture for H.264/AVC, which extends open-loop transcoding with a low-complexity compensation technique in the reduced-resolution domain. The proposed architecture tackles the problems in H.264/AVC and avoids visual artifacts in the transcoded sequence, while keeping complexity significantly lower than more traditional cascaded decoder–encoder architectures. The refinement step of the proposed architecture can be used to further improve rate-distortion performance, at the cost of additional complexity. In this way, a dynamic-complexity transcoder is rendered possible. We present a thorough investigation of the problems related to motion and residual data mapping, leading to a transcoding solution resulting in fully compliant reduced-size H.264/AVC bitstreams.     

A Framework for Robust Watermarking of H.264-Encoded Video With Controllable Detection Performance

As H.264 digital video becomes more prevalent, the need for copyright protection and authentication methods that are appropriate for this standard will emerge. This paper proposes a robust watermarking algorithm for H.264. We employ a human visual model adapted for a 4 times 4 discrete cosine transform block to increase the payload and robustness while limiting visual distortion. A key-dependent algorithm is used to select a subset of the coefficients that have visual watermarking capacity. Furthermore, the watermark is spread over frequencies and within blocks to avoid error pooling. This increases the payload and robustness without noticeably changing the perceptual quality. We embed the watermark in the coded residuals to avoid decompressing the video; however, we detect the watermark from the decoded video sequence in order to make the algorithm robust to intraprediction mode changes. We build a theoretical framework for watermark detection based on a likelihood ratio test. This framework is used to obtain optimal video watermark detection with controllable detection performance. Our simulation results show that we achieve the desired detection performance in Monte Carlo trials. We demonstrate the robustness of our proposed algorithm to several different attacks     

Real-time video watermarking system on the compressed domain for high-definition video contents: Practical issues

Everyday, we encounter high-quality multimedia contents from HDTV broadcasting, DVD, and high-speed Internet services. These contents are, unhappily, processed and distributed without protection. This paper proposes a practical video watermarking technique on the compressed domain that is real-time and robust against video processing attacks. In particular, we focus on video processing that is commonly used in practice such as downscaling resolution, framerate changing, and transcoding. Most previous watermarking algorithms are unable to survive when these processings are strong or composite. We extract low frequency coefficients of frames in fast by partly decoding videos and apply a quantization index modulation scheme to embed and detect the watermark. On an Intel architecture computer, we implement a prototype system and measure performance against video processing attacks frequently occur in the real world. Simulation results show that our video watermarking system satisfies real-time requirements and is robust to protect the copyright of HD video contents.     

Multilayer transcoding with format portability for multicasting of single-layered video

This paper proposes a novel multilayer video transcoding approach for multicasting pre-encoded video to heterogeneous end-systems via diverse grouping of networks. Multilayer transcoding is first addressed by means of multiquality or SNR scalability of the MPEG-2 standard. Frequency domain transcoding and drift-compensated transcoding are derived from the closed-loop and multiloop SNR scalabilities, respectively. The proposed transcoding architectures are verified in terms of eliminating picture drift whilst preserving compatibility with the MPEG-2 SNR decoder. Multilayer transcoding is then addressed by means of multiresolution or spatial scalability of the MPEG-2 standard that supports different video formats. The transcoder retains the full resolution of the incoming video stream in its enhancement layer while generating a low spatio-temporal resolution base-layer compatible with the H.263 video format. Hence providing both multilayer transcoding and video format portability. The resultant video layers are shown to be free from drift with PSNR results comparable to those of the respective scalable encoders.