基于单片机的风力摆系统设计

本文主要设计的是以单片机为主的风力摆系统。系统运用瑞萨 RL78/G13FP64 单片机,风力摆系统运用陀螺仪MPU6050采集数据,RL78/G13FP64单片机的系统传输通过IIC 总线实现与单片机的传输,实现了合成算法与运动矢量算法,运用PID控制器对风力摆姿态进行控制与调整。风力摆系统摆杆的起摆、摆动都可以以极快的速度完成,并且还可以在这一基础上实现控制摆动、摆杆画圆等功能。另外,这一套系统的人机接口是通过LCD液晶屏和矩阵键盘来实现的,可以较好的完成人机交互的动作。     

神经元PID在风力摆控制系统中的应用

针对传统的自动控制系统教学效果不够理想、自动控制教学模型复杂、PID参数整定经验方法效率较低和速度较慢的特点,设计了一款性价比高、调试方便的基于六轴重力及角加速度传感器MPU6050的风力摆控制系统。采用IAPSTC15W58S4作为微控制器,选用820空心杯电机作为动力源,神经元PID算法作为主控算法。通过给系统设定一个任务,空心杯电机驱动风力摆起摆,MPU6050传感器采集当前摆动角度。通过串口将角度返回给上位机Serial Chart软件显示,根据Serial Chart软件显示情况分析摆动规律,从而不断对P、I、D参数进行整定,使摆完成预定任务。实测结果验证了该神经元PID算法及P、I、D参数整定方法应用于风力摆系统的正确性及可行性。该风力摆控制系统必将在自动控制原理的教学及控制系统的设计方面具有重要的意义和价值。     

基于六轴陀螺仪的风力摆控制系统

风力摆是进行无人机设计研究的基础,对其深入分析和研究,可为四轴飞行器系统测试方案的确定、测试参数的选用、测试数据的分析等提供借鉴.文章提出的基于六轴陀螺仪的风力摆控制系统主要由控制单元、轴流风机单元、姿态检测单元等构成一个闭环系统.通过控制单元为风机输送PWM波进行初始转速控制的同时,处理MPU6050陀螺仪采集的姿态角数据,对PWM波进行修正,从而调整风机转动实现闭环控制.实验结果表明,该方法可实现精确的摆动控制,且线性度较好.     

基于MEMS的精确计步算法的设计与实现

计步已经成为各种穿戴设备的基本功能,但较难实现对任意大小步长距离的精确计算,为此,设计了一种新型的计步器系统,系统硬件上采用了MPU6050传感器模块和CC2541蓝牙模块,并将传感器平置于鞋底.软件上设计了上位机,可接收MPU6050采集的足部运动数据,并计算加速度、实现坐标系变换.提出了一种脉冲提取的算法,算法能够分辨行走状态与静止状态,并提取行走状态下的加速度值,对加速度值采用积分原理计算单步步长.经测试,算法能够将任意距离步长的测量误差控制在3.4%以内.     

基于STM32无人机的设计与实现

设计选用STM32开发板作为主控模块,主控芯片为STM32F103C8T6,运动处理传感器选用MPU6050,无线通信模块为ESP8266,软件开发选用Keil uVison4集成开发环境.通过STM32的UART2读取WIFI的输入油门和方向值,并将其与陀螺仪计算值进行比较进而对欧拉角度和旋转角速度修正,以得到稳定的飞行姿态.定时器输出四个PMW来控制四轴上的四个电机实现飞行的动作.为了提高运动姿态的精度,该设计将三轴加速度计结合陀螺仪6D0F模块采集的数据与MPU6050采集的数据进行校准,并采用串行PID算法来提高飞行的稳定性.经测试,飞行器能够平稳的起飞、悬停、垂直上升等动作,实现了对飞行器的各种飞行姿态的精确控制.     

伴有初始负载摆角的桥式起重机能量防摆控制

桥式起重机是一种广泛应用的大型搬运设备,在实际工作过程中,台车运动时会产生伴有初始负载摆角的负载摆动,影响工作效率并带来安全隐患.针对这种情况,设定期望的台车误差轨迹和摆角误差轨迹,将桥式起重机动力学模型转换为误差跟踪动力学模型,提出一种基于能量分析方法的桥式起重机防摆控制策略.通过LaSalle不变性原理和Lyapunov方法对闭环系统的稳定性进行理论分析.仿真与实验结果表明,所提防摆控制方法的控制性能几乎不受初始负载摆角的影响,可以保证桥式起重机在无初始负载摆角和带有初始负载摆角的情况下都能取得良好的控制效果,能够驱动台车准确到达目标位置,有效抑制并快速消除负载摆角,同时对外部扰动具有很强的鲁棒性.     

基于Labview的下肢训练机器人的位置控制实验

本训练机器人的目的是帮助运动员完成专项力量训练。它的驱动装置为带电液伺服阀的液压系统,并通过一四连杆机构把油缸的直线运动转换成摆杆的摆动,训练时运动员把脚踝绑定在摆杆上。通过控制伺服油缸的位移轨迹来控制摆杆的运动,用Labview里的PID控件进行闭环控制,让油缸按照一设定余弦曲线运动,以观察系统的准确性。     

基于双层级CPG的3维蛇形机器人运动控制方法

为实现3维蛇形机器人多模式运动控制,提出了一种基于双层级中枢模式发生器(CPG)的运动控制方法.该双层级CPG网络包含节律层和模式层,节律层的CPG神经元用于控制3维蛇形机器人的俯仰关节组和偏转关节组的相位关系,模式层的CPG神经元用于控制3维蛇形机器人关节组内各个关节的相位差及关节轨迹.首先,利用Kuramoto振荡器对CPG神经元进行建模,并确定CPG网络的层级结构和耦合拓扑;然后,基于蛇形约束曲线计算3维蛇形机器人侧滚运动、侧移运动、滑行运动及转向运动4种典型运动步态的控制参数;最后,通过联合仿真和实验验证该双层级CPG网络的控制性能.由实验结果可知,3维蛇形机器人的侧滚运动、侧移运动、滑行运动以及转向运动的实际速度分别能够达到3.9 cm/s、9.0 cm/s、2.1 cm/s和10.8°/s.因此,该方法能够有效地、灵活地控制3维蛇形机器人的多模式运动.     

基于四元数的前臂假肢手部自平衡的设计

针对残疾人的前臂假肢在端水等运动过程中需要手部虎口一直与大地保持平行,即手部实现姿态自平衡问题,提出采用四元数的姿态解算算法,并采用卡尔曼滤波融合MPU6050传感器中陀螺仪和加速度计的输出数据,补偿了陀螺仪输出数据的随机漂移误差,得到前臂假肢手部姿态的正确估计。该系统由安卓手机、STM32单片机、MPU6050传感器、高性能数字舵机组成,通过安卓手机语音识别向STM32单片机发送是否保持手部自平衡指令,由STM32实时采集MPU6050中陀螺仪和加速度计的数据并经过算法处理后,通过串口向舵机发送信号。实验结果表明,这种姿态估计算法有效地解决了前臂假肢在运动过程中手部自平衡问题,为前肢缺失的残疾人提供了便利。     

基于stm32低功率风力摆控制系统的研究

系统采用STM32F103V系统板作为控制中心,与万向节、摆杆、2W低功率轴流风机、激光头、反馈装置一起构成摆杆运动状态与风机速度分配的双闭环调速系统。单片机移植入ucos操作系统,可以稳定地控制程序,输出可变的PWM波给轴流风机,控制4个方向上风机的风速,从而产生大小不同的力。利用加速度计模块MPU6050防止脱离运动轨迹。控制方式采用PID算法加快动态响应。从而使该系统具有很好的稳定性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate