PrefixSpan算法在多维序列模式挖掘中的应用

多维序列模式挖掘是在序列模式挖掘的基础上发展起来的,文章阐述了有关概念,介绍了两种序列模式挖掘算法:GSP算法和PrefixSpan算法,在对两类算法进行比较分析的基础上形成了挖掘多维序列模式的UniSeq算法、Dim-Seq算法和Seq-Dim算法.针对不同维度的模式,各种算法特点不同.     

基于H-tree的多维序列模式挖掘算法

提出了一种基于H-tree的多维序列模式挖掘算法,首先在序列信息中挖掘序列模式,然后针对每个序列模式,根据包含此模式的所有元组中的多维信息构造H-tree树,挖掘出相应的多维模式,从而得到了多维序列模式。该算法将多维分析方法与序列模式挖掘算法有效地结合在一起,当维度较高时具有较高的性能。     

基于编码频繁模式树的序列模式挖掘算法

提出了同时适用于一维和多维序列数据的统一存储结构——编码频繁模式树(CFP-tree)，并通过渐进的前缀序列搜索方式来发现频繁序列模式，避免了在挖掘过程中递归地产生大量的中间子序列。实验证明，该算法在大规模数据的处理上比现有序列模式挖掘算法有更好的性能。     

序列模式图及其构造算法

序列模式挖掘是数据挖掘的一个重要分支。在序列事务及有关信息处理中有着广泛的应用,目前已有许多序列模式模型及相应的挖掘算法，该文在对序列模式挖掘问题及挖掘算法进行分析的基础上。定义了一种称为序列模式图的序列模式框架。用于表示序列模式挖掘过程发现的所有序列模式，序列模式图是由离散状态的序列集到统一的图结构的桥梁，可以将序列模式挖掘结果统一到序列模式图中来，基于序列模式图进行研究可发现某些结构化的新知识，称之为后序列模式挖掘，文中还给出了序列模式图的有关性质及构造算法。     

一种挖掘多维序列模式的有效方法

提出了一种新的多维序列模式挖掘算法,首先在序列信息中挖掘序列模式,然后针对每个序列模式,在包含此模式的所有元组中的多维信息中挖掘频繁1-项集,由得到的频繁1-项集开始,循环的由频繁（k-1）-项集（k>1）连接生成频繁k项集,从而得到所有的多维模式。该算法通过扫描不断缩小的频繁（k-1）-项集来生成频繁k项集,减少了扫描投影数据库的次数,因而减少了时间开销,实验表明该算法有较高的挖掘效率。     

多维序列模式挖掘算法

提出一种基于最大频繁模式、模式相似与属性描述相结合的多维序列模式挖掘算法MSP,该算法包括3个步骤:挖掘数据集中的最大频繁模式,每个频繁模式成为一个模式类;比较数据中各序列项序列与各模式类的包含与相似关系;按照一定的规则抽取与各模式类相关的属性,给出以属性为前件、模式类为后件的多维序列规则为形式的多维序列模式挖掘结果....     

挖掘闭合多维序列模式的可行方法

为了对闭合多维序列模式进行挖掘,研究了多维序列模式的基本性质,进而提出了挖掘闭合多雏序列模式的新方法.该方法集成了闭合序列模式挖掘方法和闭合项目集模式挖掘方法,通过证明该方法的正确性,指出闭合多维序列模式集合不大于多维序列模式集合,并且能够覆盖所有多维序列模式的结果集.最后分析了该方法所具备的两个明显优点,表明了在闭合多维序列模式挖掘中的可行性.     

多维概念格与多维序列模式的增量挖掘

多维序列模式挖掘旨在将一个或多个背景维度信息中发现的关联模式与有序事务序列中发现的序列模式有机结合,从而为用户提供信息内容更加丰富、更具有直接应用价值的多维序列模式.目前虽有一些挖掘多维序列模式的工作,但其关联模式与序列模式的发现过程是基于不同的数据结构分开进行的.提出一种新的概念格结构——多维概念格,它是对概念格的延伸与泛化,其内涵更加丰富,不仅具有多个有序的任务内涵,而且具有多个无序的背景内涵.设计实现了基于该结构的增量式多维序列模式挖掘算法,该算法使用统一的数据模型实现关联模式与序列模式的高效同步挖掘.在合成数据集上的实验结果验证了算法的有效性.同时,算法在实际的银行数据集上的应用效果也说明了算法的实用性.     

网络入侵检测中序列模式挖掘技术研究

面向入侵检测的数据挖掘是目前国际上网络安全和数据库、信息决策领域的最前沿的研究方向之一。入侵检测中进行序列模式挖掘时，由于频繁网络模式和频繁系统活动模式只能在网络或操作系统的单个审计数据流中获得，因而传统从事件流数据中获取单序列模式的算法，以及从不同多数据序列中获取多个序列模式的算法都不再适用。本文研究了入侵数据的特性，提出了网络入侵检测中序列模式挖掘框架和实时序列模式挖掘模型，并设计了一种新的面向入侵检测．基于轴属性、参考属性、相关支持度的序列模式挖掘算法SPM—ID(Sequential Patterns Mining for Intrusion Detection)。最后在KDD Cup99数据集的基础上实现算法及分析算法的性能。     

具有周期间隙约束的负序列模式挖掘

间隙约束的序列模式挖掘是一种特殊形式的序列模式挖掘方法，该方法能够揭示一定间隔下的频繁出现(发生)的子序列。但当前间隙约束的序列模式挖掘方法只关注正序列模式的挖掘，忽略了事件中的缺失行为。为解决该问题，探索了周期间隙约束的负序列模式(Negative Sequential Pattern with Periodic Gap Constraints, NSPG)挖掘方法，该方法能够更灵活地反映元素与元素之间的关系。为高效求解NSPG挖掘问题，提出了NSPG-INtree(Incomplete Nettrees)算法，该算法主要包括两个步骤：候选模式生成和支持度计算。在候选模式生成方面，为了减少候选模式的数量，该算法采用模式连接策略；在支持度计算方面，为了提高模式支持度计算效率并减少空间消耗，该算法采用不完整网树结构计算模式支持度。实验结果表明，NSPG-INtree算法不仅具有较高的挖掘效率，而且能同时挖掘间隙约束的正序列模式和负序列模式。与其他间隙约束的序列模式挖掘算法相比，NSPG-INtree能够多发现209%～352%的模式；与不同策略的对比算法相比，NSPG-INtree能够缩...     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.