电子采购环境下汽车供应商选择方法研究

电子采购就是通过计算机网络系统代替传统的纸质系统完成原料采购的方法。提出了一种电子采购环境下基于层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)的供应商选择方法。提出了电子采购平台中的汽车供应商选择系统的系统结构,给出了电子采购环境下供应商选择指标和选择方法。通过具体实现算法,对其有效性进行了验证。     

电子物流系统采购策略中的QoS模型研究

电子商务是互联网快速发展的产物,电子物流系统是其中一个重要环节和研究热点.本文主要通过分析物流系统中的采购决策问题,对于采购决策中存在的供应商选择和订单选择问题分别提出了相应的调度算法和选择策略.然后,以电子商务系统中的物流系统为例,在随机Petri网模型建模的基础上,对物流系统采购决策中的订单处理流程进行了QoS模型建模,并且在此模型基础上应用本文提出的选择策略及调度算法,给出模型相对应QoS性能结果分析.     

基于供应链的制造业ERP采购管理系统研究

采购作为制造型企业生产经营活动的初始环节,直接影响着生产经营过程、企业业绩,并构成企业竞争力的重要方面,因此研究和开发适应制造业的现代化采购管理系统具有重要意义。文中通过阐述采购在现代企业管理中的重要作用,以及供应链和ERP中的采购管理,分析了供应链环境下的采购同传统采购的不同,并利用层次分析法(AHP),给出了供应商选择和评价的模型。在此基础上,提出了一个基于供应链的制造业ERP采购管理系统的设计方案。     

基于Web方式的汽车制造企业的采购供应链系统

针对目前企业的采购与供应商信息不畅的问题构建供应商信息平台,结合企业的实际需求,设计开发的企业电子采购系统。通过系统企业内部用户和供应商用户可以进行信息的交互和相关业务的操作。该系统成功应用于合肥某汽车企业。     

基于供应链的制造业ERP采购管理系统研究

采购作为制造型企业生产经营活动的初始环节，直接影响着生产经营过程、企业业绩．并构成企业竞争力的重要方面，因此研究和开发适应制造业的现代化采购管理系统具有重要意义。文中通过阐述采购在现代企业管理中的重要作用，以及供应链和ERP中的采购管理，分析了供应链环境下的采购同传统采购的不同．并利用层次分析法（AHP），给出了供应商选择和评价的模型。在此基础上，提出了一个基于供应链的制造业ERP采购管理系统的设计方案。     

基于模糊逻辑的发供电企业供应商评价方法

发供电企业属于资产密集型企业,供应链关系复杂,针对其特点,提出一种基于模糊逻辑的供应商评价方法.分析现代供应链条件下的供应商评价指标体系,采用三角模糊数来表示评价指标的不定性;应用层次分析得到评价指标权重;通过计算备选供应商和理想供应商之间模糊贴近度选择供应商.应用实例分析说明了该方法的实用性.所提出的供应商评价方法成功应用于某大型发供电企业的设备采购,取得了很好的应用效果.     

评价波动对石化项目采购决策的影响

石化项目物资采购决策的本质是供应商选择,主要依据企业按照物资供应商一定评价标准所得到的评价考核结果.由于物资供应商评价标准中的主观因素和时间、环境因素可能导致评价考核结果变化,使得物资供应商的评价会产生波动,导致不同的物资供应商评价结果,从而影响采购决策.为了研究物资供应商评价波动对采购决策的影响程度,以典型石化项目—乙烯裂解炉项目物资采购为例,提出了供应商量化考核因子的变量,建立以采购为主的供应链数学规划模型.通过定量分析,对比不同物资供应商量化考核因子的波动对供应商选择的影响大小,识别出对供应商量化考核因子变化更为敏感的物资类别,为做好石化项目物资供应商选择和采购决策提供有益参考.     

基于Petri网的采购业务流程建模及仿真优化

以国内某大型制造企业的采购业务流程为研究对象,用Petri网技术构建了现有环境下和优化后的采购流程模型,分别对这两种情况下的业务流程模型进行了时间定量分析,并利用ExSpect仿真软件模拟分析了原有采购流程及优化后流程的优劣。结果表明,通过应用信息技术和合理地选择供应商选择模式,提高了业务信息传递和处理的效率,缩短了采购周期。     

基于J2EE技术的供应商多层次模糊综合绩效评价系统的研究和设计

采用灰色关联分析法和相关性分析法合理构建了电子采购下企业长期合作伙伴关系的供应商综合绩效评价体系,分析多层次模糊、综合评价模型算法,并采用J2EE技术实现供应商绩效评估系统的开发。实例分析结果表明该系统具有实用性,该评估系统可以帮助企业及时掌握供应商信息,辅助企业决策的准确性和科学性。     

“电子政府”应用的各个方面

1)电子商务:在以电子签章(CA)及公开密钥等技术构建的信息安全环境下,推动政府机关之间、政府与企业间以电子资料交换技术EDI进行通信及交易处理。 2)电子采购及招标:在电子商务的安全环境下,推动政府部门以电子化方武与供应商连线进行采购、交易及支付处理作业。 3)电子福利支付:运用电子资料交换、磁卡、智能卡等技术。处理政府各种社会福利作业,直接将敢府的各种社会福利支付交付受益人。 4)电子邮递:建立政府整体性的电子邮递系统,并提供电子目录服务,以增进政府之间及政府与社会各部门之间的沟     

基于ASP模式的零售业采购联盟平台研究

为了提高企业自身竞争力和对抗外资企业的“圈地运动”,国内零售业纷纷形成战略联盟。通过研究国外现有两大零售业采购联盟机制及联盟信息平台WWRE和GNX的主要功能模块,提出了一种基于ASP模式的零售业采购联盟平台的解决方案。ASP模式降低了零售商和供应商的进入门槛,加快了企业的信息化过程。     

A neural networks approach for forecasting the supplier’s bid prices in supplier selection negotiation process

Supplier selection negotiation is a sophisticated and challenged job due to the diversity of intellectual backgrounds of the negotiating parties, the many variables involved in supply–demand relationship, the complex interactions and the inadequate negotiation knowledge of project participants. To do the job well, it is necessary to develop an intelligent system for negotiation support in supplier selection process. Therefore, an artificial neural network-based predictive model with application for forecasting the supplier’s bid prices in supplier selection negotiation process (SSNP) is developed in this paper. By means of the model, demander can foresee the relationship between its alternative bids and corresponding supplier’s next bid prices in advance. The purpose of this paper is applying the model’s forecast ability to provide negotiation supports or recommendations for demander in deciding the better current bid price to decrease meaningless negotiation times, reduce procurement cost, improve negotiation efficiency or shorten supplier selection lead-time in SSNP.     

基于前景理论和模糊理论的在线多属性采购拍卖 供应商选择决策

在线多属性采购拍卖已在工程招标、政府采购等诸多领域有着广泛应用.由于在实际的采购拍卖活动中,往往采购方对采购商品的相关属性指标存在不同程度的不确定性,采购商在对采购品属性的描述及相应权重的确定上都存在困难,进而导致采购商在面临供应商选择决策上难度增大.为了解决这些问题,从采购方利益角度出发,考虑风险态度对决策者行为的影响,引入前景理论,研究4种模糊描述方式并存情况下的在线多属性采购拍卖的供应商选择决策问题;在综合考虑主客观因素确定属性权重的情况下,提出一种新的在线多属性采购拍卖供应商选择决策方法;最后通过相关的算例分析与比较说明所提出方法的有效性.     

Supplier selection model for commodities procurement. Optimised assessment using a fuzzy decision support system

The selection of the most suitable supplier for a procurement process has a markedly strategic aspect for a company. Within this ambit, the literature review shows a lack of uniformity in the terms used to define the phases or components of a procurement process as well as in the election of the critical variables used to select the most suitable supplier. Furthermore, this literature shows a wide variety of individual and integrated methodologies that have been developed so far in an attempt to optimise such a selection.This work proposes a new suppliers’ evaluation-and-selection model. The model homogenises the terminology involved in such processes and fulfils three main goals. First, it allows the joint assessment and comparison among new and historical suppliers, identifying the key evaluation factors in each case. Second, it allows the inherent knowledge about evaluation to be flexibly adapted to the type of product to be purchased – in this paper “basic products” – according to Kraljic's terminology (a major issue in procurement management and not taken into account by any of the models proposed so far). Finally, a FDSS is proposed to make the model operational. The proposed method is robust enough to improve the main shortcomings of more simplistic methods (e.g. those based on weights) and eases the comprehension of the embedded knowledge within the supplier evaluation processes. Simultaneously, this method avoids the complexity of real-life implementation that many of some more sophisticated hybrid methods proposed in recent times – not free of certain additional disadvantages. Finally, the practical usefulness of the proposed method is ascertained through an empirical test in a specific business environment.     

实时数据库基于功能替代的事务模型

本文提出一种基于功能替代的实时事务模型,讨论了对实时事务进行预分析的步骤、策略和方法。采取的主要策略是三步法:分解实时事务、提取有关运行信息、形成调度树。另外,文章对功能替代集的可调度性进行了初步分析。     

Optimal transfer,ordering and payment policies for joint supplier–buyer inventory model with price-sensitive trapezoidal demand and net credit

This study aims at formulating an integrated supplier–buyer inventory model when market demand is variable price-sensitive trapezoidal and the supplier offers a choice between discount in unit price and permissible delay period for settling the accounts due against the purchases made. This type of trade credit is termed as ‘net credit’. In this policy, if the buyer pays within offered time M₁, then the buyer is entitled for a cash discount; otherwise the full account must be settled by the time M₂; where M₂ > M₁ ? 0. The goal is to determine the optimal selling price, procurement quantity, number of transfers from the supplier to the buyer and payment time to maximise the joint profit per unit time. An algorithm is worked out to obtain the optimal solution. A numerical example is given to validate the proposed model. The managerial insights based on sensitivity analysis are deduced.     

电子商务与银行业

电子商务是二十一世纪信息产业新的增长点,也是二十一世纪银行业发展的方向。随着国际部分加剧和银行创新发展内在需求的扩大,加快电子商务进程已是我国银行寻求发展的战略性选择。鉴于此,本文在介绍电子商务运作、特点的基础上,分析电子商务给银行业带来的影响和机遇,并就我国银行电子商务发展的现状及途径加以探讨。     

Mechanism design for e-procurement auctions: On the efficacy of post-auction negotiation and quality effort incentives

Practical mechanisms for procurement involve bidding, negotiation, transfer payments and subsidies, and the possibility of verification of unobservable product and service quality. We model two proposed multi-stage procurement mechanisms. One focuses on the auction price that is established, and the other emphasizes price negotiation. Both also emphasize quality and offer incentives for the unobservable level of a supplier’s effort, while addressing the buyer’s satisfaction. Our results show that, with the appropriate incentive, which we will refer to as a qualityeffort bonus, the supplier will exert more effort to supply higher quality goods or services after winning the procurement auction. We also find that a mechanism incorporating price and quality negotiation improves the supply chain’s surplus and generates the possibility of Pareto optimal improvement in comparison to a mechanism that emphasizes the auction price only. From the buyer’s perspective though, either mechanism can dominate the other, depending on the circumstances of procurement. Thus, post-auction negotiation may not always be optimal for the buyer, although it always produces first-best goods or service quality outcomes. The buyer’s choice between mechanisms will be influenced by different values of the quality effort bonus. For managers in practice, our analysis shows that it is possible to simplify the optimization procedure by using a new approach for selecting the appropriate mechanism and determining what value of the incentive for the supplier makes sense.     

A public procurement combinatorial auction mechanism with quality assignment

This article focuses on mechanism design for quality assignment combinatorial procurement auctions. We model how the participants can maximize social surplus, the difference between gross utility and total cost in electronic procurement, while selecting appropriate quality standards for the procured items. In typical forward combinatorial auctions, the goal is to maximize the sum of all buyers' valuations. In our setting, however, to achieve high buyer utility with low supplier cost, the selected quality levels for the procured items from the suppliers must exceed some predetermined minimum threshold. So the identification of capable suppliers and the corresponding quality assignments are crucial, since buyer utility and supplier cost will be affected by the buyer's quality choice. We develop a novel mechanism to balance the interests of buyers and sellers. Our proposed quality assignment Vickrey-Groves-Clarke (QA-VCG) mechanism is incentive-compatible, provides constraints on partial participation, and is efficient in quasi-linear preferences. In consideration of the perspective of the buyer as a government auctioneer, we also propose a revised mechanism to implement the goal of achieving minimal procurement costs, and appropriate benefits for participating suppliers. We provide a numerical illustration of our QA-VCG mechanism, and an extension that addresses an iterative combinatorial auction mechanism design in our context.