Sylvester时变矩阵方程求解的终态神经网络算法

为了更好地提高收敛的速度和精度,提出一种终态神经网络(TNN)及其加速形式(ATNN)的求解方法。该网络求解方法具有终态吸引特性,能够在有限的时间内得到时变矩阵的有效解。相比于具有渐近收敛动态特性的神经网络,该神经网络方法具有有限时间收敛性,不仅能够改变收敛速度,而且能达到较高的收敛精度。将3种不同的神经网络方法用于求解时变Sylvester动态方程;同时,以终态神经网络求解二次优化问题,实现冗余机械臂Katana6M180有限时间收敛的重复运动规划任务。仿真结果验证了终态神经网络方法的有效性。     

有限值终态递归神经网络计算

通常的递归神经网络计算方法采用渐近收敛的网络模型,误差函数渐近收敛于零,理论上需经过无穷长的计算时间才能获得被求解问题的精确解。文中提出了一种终态递归神经网络模型,该网络形式新颖,具有有限时间收敛特性,用于解决时变矩阵计算问题时可使得计算过程快速收敛,且计算精度高。该网络的另一特点是动态方程右端函数值有限,易于实现。首先,分析渐近收敛网络模型在时变计算问题求解方面的缺陷,说明引入终态网络模型的必要性;然后,给出终态网络动态方程,推导出该网络收敛时间的具体表达式。对于时变矩阵逆和广义逆求解,定义一个误差函数,并依据误差函数构造终态递归神经网络进行求解,使计算过程在有限时间内收敛便能得到精确解。在将任意初始位置下的冗余机械臂轨迹规划任务转换为二次规划问题后,利用所提出的神经网络进行计算,得出的关节角轨迹导致末端执行器完成封闭轨迹跟踪,且关节角严格返回初始位置,以实现可重复运动。使用MATLAB/SIMULINK对时变矩阵计算问题和机器人轨迹规划任务分别进行仿真,通过比较分别采用渐近网络模型和终态网络模型时的计算过程与结果可以看出,使用终态网络模型的计算过程收敛快且显著提高了计算精度。对不同时变计算问题的求解体现了所提神经网络的应用背景。     

基于有限时间对偶神经网络的冗余机械臂重复运动规划

在考虑关节物理极限的情况下,将冗余机械臂的逆运动学解析问题抽象为带约束的重复运动规划(RMP)方案.针对速度层的带约束RMP方案,本文提出了一种新型的递归神经网络,即有限时间对偶神经网络(FTDNN),用以求解该类带约束RMP方案.相比于传统的递归神经网络,该FTDNN模型具有有限时间收敛特性,不仅能够改进收敛的速度,并且能够获得较高的收敛精度.通过李雅普诺夫稳定性定理验证了FTDNN模型的渐近稳定性,并进一步计算出FTDNN模型求解带约束RMP方案最优解的时间上界.基于冗余机械臂PA10的计算仿真结果验证了FTDNN模型求解带约束RMP方案的有效性和可行性.最后在Dobot Magician实物机械臂上的实验结果表明本文提出的有限时间对偶神经网络方法可以有效实现机械臂各关节角的重复运动.     

物理受限冗余机械臂逆运动学凸优化求解

针对冗余机械臂逆运动学求解结果极有可能超过机械臂物理限制的问题,提出一种基于凸优化的逆运动学求解方法使得逆解结果满足物理约束.首先分析了关节速度与力矩关系,采用机械臂动能及重复运动为优化指标,以关节速度、关节力矩为优化变量.然后将逆运动学求解问题转化为凸优化问题,进一步转化为二次规划问题,充分利用冗余特性,实现逆运动学求解时避免关节位置、关节速度、关节力矩极限.最后利用7自由度冗余机械臂KUKA LBR iiwa进行仿真,求解关节量结果符合物理极限及优化准则.结果表明本文提出的方法适用于物理受限冗余机械臂的逆运动学求解.     

基于二次型规划的平面冗余机械臂的自运动

提出一种基于二次型性能指标的方法,用于规划平面冗余机械臂的自运动轨迹．鉴于实际的机械臂都存在关节物理约束,该自运动规划方案考虑了关节极限和关节速度极限的躲避．提出了基于线性变分不等式的原对偶神经网络,并将其作为所对应的二次型规划方案的实时求解器．仿真结果证实了该基于神经网络的自运动规划方案的有效性．     

基于能耗优化的深海电动机械臂轨迹规划

由于深海电动机械臂动力学模型较为复杂,难以基于动力学模型构建精确的能耗优化目标函数,因此,本文提出一种利用径向基函数（RBF）神经网络构建机械臂功耗模型的方法．首先,利用机械臂水下运动实验数据集训练所构建的RBF神经网络．利用基于该神经网络的功耗模型,结合机械臂关节空间轨迹规划多项式,建立机械臂能耗目标函数．然后,采用自适应粒子群优化（PSO）算法求解最优轨迹参数．结果显示,RBF功耗网络均方根误差（RMSE）为20.89 W;经过优化的轨迹的能耗比实验轨迹的能耗均值降低410.8 J（18.3%）．实验结果表明基于自适应PSO算法的轨迹规划方法实现了能耗优化的目标．     

冗余自由度协作机器人运动规划研究

针对传统快速探索随机树(Rapidly Exploring Random Tree,RRT)路径规划算法在新枝点扩展上缺乏目标性和时间复杂度高的问题,以具有偏置构型的7自由度冗余机器人Rethink Sawyer为研究对象,利用引力势函数,对新枝点的扩展进行调节,提出了具有导向性的变步长双向RRT扩展算法完成协作机器人运动规划.采用阻尼最小二乘Newton-Raphson方法对Sawyer机器人逆运动学进行数值求解.通过机械臂运动学模型和运动规划算法仿真、ROS平台的运动规划实验,验证了改进RRT算法进行路径规划的正确性,在操作过程中有效地避免了与约束框架碰撞,降低了机械臂运动规划的时间复杂度.     

重复运动速度层和加速度层方案的等效性

探讨冗余机械臂之重复运动规划(Repetitive motion planning, RMP), 对应速度层重复运动规划方案, 提出了加速度层重复运动规划方案, 并进一步发现和探讨了速度层与加速度层RMP方案的等效性关系. 基于神经动力学方法的理论分析和基于PUMA560机械臂的计算机仿真结果均证实了本文所提出的加速度层RMP方案在冗余度解析问题上的有效性, 以及速度层和加速度层RMP方案的等效性.     

一种基于遗传算法的空间机械臂避障轨迹规划方法

针对空间机械臂系统的一系列特殊需求,提出了一种空间机械臂轨迹规划方法.假设机械臂在关节空间下存在一条可以用两段高次样条曲线分段描述、满足所有空间机械臂运动特性要求的理想轨迹.这两段样条轨迹之间的连接点参数能够影响两段样条函数在空间中的扭曲形状,从而使机械臂在遵从样条轨迹运动的同时避开所有障碍.首先建立理想轨迹的分段描述方程,将方程中的未知量用与中间点有关的参数进行描述,将不能够确定的中间点相关参数提取出来作为待定参数,从而将空间机械臂轨迹规划问题转变为一个多目标优化求解问题;其次应用遗传算法进行求解,在分析空间机械臂控制需求和障碍的笛卡儿空间描述的基础上,通过加权系数法建立关于笛卡儿空间机械臂末端轨迹长度、关节空间机械臂运动角度、运动过程中关节最大扭矩、机械臂总运动时间和碰撞情况的遗传算法适应度评定函数.最后应用遗传算法在关节空间下规划出一条无碰撞、动力学特性满足裕度要求、轨迹长度和运动时间较短的理想轨迹.另外,上述方法具有拓展性,通过多次分解轨迹求取中间点,能够使机械臂避开非常复杂的障碍.利用该方法在通过C语言建立的空间机械臂仿真平台上进行验证,结果表明该方法稳定、有效,生成的轨迹满足空间机械臂的性能要求.     

冗余机械臂优化控制新方法

针对五自由度冗余机械臂,提出了一种新的基于伪逆的优化控制方法：利用一个可调权值因子,将最小速度范数方法（加速度层）和最小加速度范数方法进行加权组合,来实现对冗余机械臂的运动控制。该优化方法可以实现关节速度范数和关节加速度范数的同时最小化,而且使得机械臂的关节速度在运动末态时接近零。计算机仿真结果进一步验证了所给出的优化控制方法的可行性和优越性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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