基于FPGA的宽频超声波电源频率跟踪系统设计

针对传统超声波电源无法驱动及锁频不同谐振频率段的换能器,实现不了宽频域内的锁相和频率跟踪的问题,设计了一种基于FPGA的具有自动频率搜索与跟踪、动态匹配不同谐振频率换能器的宽频域超声波电源。根据换能器的阻抗特性曲线,设计出动态步长的宽频域频率搜索方法,快速跟踪到换能器的谐振频率,并根据反馈电路的电压电流相位差,实时调整输出频率,锁定整个系统工作在谐振状态。实验结果表明,设计的宽频域超声波电源频率搜索快、跟踪准,动态匹配换能器适应性好。     

基于集成芯片的压电换能器频率跟踪技术研究

针对超声驱动电源在不同共振频率跟踪（RFT）方案下存在的频率搜索范围小、跟踪进程长、软硬件设计复杂等问题,研究了基于集成芯片的频率跟踪方案。该方案以集成芯片为核心,结合逻辑控制及其外围接口电路,实现了压电换能器在毫秒量级的频率智能跟踪。此外,还设计了一种输出频率范围可调的VCO电路,来搭配使用频率跟踪模块;以匹配电路的电压放大倍数和换能器电流为目标函数计算出匹配参数。最后基于频率跟踪模块实现了小型化、低成本的超声驱动电源,验证了基于集成芯片的频率跟踪方案,所设计的电源拥有27KHz~29KHz频率搜索范围,0.5Hz的频率跟踪精度,实验结果表明,其能在3.5ms左右完成频率搜索和跟踪的进程。     

基于阻抗匹配的超声手术刀频率跟踪方法研究

随着科技的发展,超声手术刀在医疗上的运用越来越广泛。在实际应用中,为了让超声手术刀的换能器能尽可能高效率地将电能转换成机械能,利用并联阻抗匹配实现了超声手术刀的阻抗匹配,让超声手术刀的换能器呈现纯阻抗,从而使换能器的输出功率最大,并且减少了换能器的发热,延长了使用寿命。另外超声手术刀的换能器在使用过程中,换能器的各项参数会随着温度以及环境等发生改变,因此设计了一种针对换能器的谐振频率进行变频的频率跟踪方法,通过对电流和电压的相位差进行跟踪,然后送入到FPGA进行运算,得到一个相位差,当相位发生偏差的时候,则采用一个变频公式调整输出频率,从而达到频率跟踪的效果。通过实际验证,所设计的超声手术刀阻抗匹配和频率跟踪方法可以很好地实现在不同负载下的频率自动跟踪,并且运行可靠。     

压电换能器谐振频率动态检测的研究

超声波换能器串联谐振频率的检测和研究都是基于静态分析,因而存在无法对实际应用电路进行动态参数的识别和实时跟踪的缺点.基于压电换能器的等效电路,结合导纳圆分析,提出了一种检测换能器谐振频率和相关参数的方法.该方法对超声波电源实现自动识别、跟踪以及动态匹配压电换能器谐振频率等具有非常重要的参考作用.动态检测结果表明,该方法可以较好地检测出压电换能器的谐振频率.     

一种新型的程控多频雾化电路设计方案

针对传统雾化电路中驱动信号频率不易调整、电路调试困难等问题,设计了一种由程序控制的多频率、多电路的新型雾化电路。电路采用STM32为主控制器,通过基于AD9833编程的频率合成器生成频率可调的外接驱动信号,驱动MOS管的开关功能来控制外接信号的输入,激励振荡器振荡。利用采样反馈电路寻找最佳谐振频率,从而提高雾化电路的稳定性,实现了频率的实时调整,精简了电路结构,降低了调试难度。     

静电刚度式谐振微加速度计闭环驱动控制

分析了谐振微加速度计闭环驱动控制的要求,并根据要求建立了幅度和频率自适应控制的双闭环驱动分析模型．鉴于系统的高阶非线性,采用近似平均法分析了系统的稳态平衡点和稳定条件．对基于锁相技术的频率跟踪环,得到了环路频率稳定跟踪的积分控制器临界条件．对基于自动增益的幅度控制环,分析表明在没有PI控制器时不能实现恒幅振动,在引入PI控制器后,振动幅度与品质因数和频率无关;同时,较小的直流参考电压能实现同样大的振幅．仿真结果有效的验证了上述结论,理论分析和仿真有助于驱动电路的设计和调试．     

面向金丝球焊线机的功率超声电源的设计

本文基于ICL8038压控振荡器与CD4046锁相芯片技术,以AT89S52单片机作为控制核心,设计了一种面向金丝球焊线机的功率超声电源。此电源系统主电路输出功率、时间可调的超声频交流电;能实现自动频率跟踪;具有简单轻便、成本低廉的特点。文中较为详细地分析了功率超声电源的设计,压电换能器匹配调谐的原理以及控制方法。     

基于数字PWM的新型超声波清洗电源的研制

介绍了一种基于CPLD芯片的数字PWM超声波清洗电源的设计,其中包括数字PWM信号产生电路、单片机控制电路、功率放大电路、保护电路以及超声波电源与换能器的匹配和频率跟踪设计,并给出了系统软件设计流程。     

对超声波细胞粉碎机频率跟踪技术的研究

本文针对超声波细胞粉碎机在实际应用中易出现频率失锁、频率跟踪不精确的现象,通过对锁相式自动频率跟踪方法的分析与研究,提出一种采用数控移相电路实现跟踪频率自动微调的方法,可以较好地解决超声波细胞粉碎机频率失锁及频率跟踪不精确的问题,通过锁相环频率跟踪电路的设计,频率自动跟踪软件设计,以及频率跟踪电路实验测试和分析加以论述...     

对超声波发生器频率自动跟踪电路的研究

频率跟踪电路是超声系统中的重要组成电路,文章介绍了频率自动跟踪原理,分析了实现频率自动跟踪所选取的方案,对于几种典型的频率跟踪电路进行了分析说明,并提出电路应用中需注意之处。     

Intelligent motion control for linear piezoelectric ceramic motor drive

Since the dynamic characteristics of a linear piezoelectric ceramic motor (LPCM) are highly nonlinear and time varying, it is difficult to design a suitable motor drive and position controller that realizes accurate position control at all time. This study investigates a double-inductance double-capacitance (LLCC) resonant driving circuit and a sliding-mode fuzzy-neural-network control (SMFNNC) system for the motion control of an LPCM. First, the motor structure and LLCC driving circuit of an LPCM are introduced. The LLCC resonant inverter is designed to operate at an optimal switching frequency such that the output voltage will not be influenced by the variation of quality factor. Moreover, a SMFNNC system is designed to achieve favorable tracking performance without precise dynamic models being controlled. All adaptive learning algorithms in the SMFNNC system are derived in the sense of Lyapunov stability analysis, so that system-tracking stability can be guaranteed in the closed-loop system. The effectiveness of the proposed driving circuit and control system is verified by experimental results.     

压电式压力传感器热冲击效应的试验研究

论述了瞬变温度对压电式压力传感器具有热冲击作用,并能改变传感器的预紧力、自振频率及灵敏度,形成瞬变温度误差.传感器的特殊膜片结构可以大大减小瞬变温度误差.通过对某2种压电式传感器的模拟热冲击效应的试验研究,阐述了热冲击对传感器的实际影响,并给出了测量数据及分析结果.     

硅微压电超声换能器的设计与制作

介绍了一种用ZnO薄膜作为压电层的硅微压电式超声换能器(PMUT).该硅微压电换能器的振动基膜采用LPCVD制作的氮化硅薄膜和PECVD制作的二氧化硅形成的复合振动膜结构.文中运用有限元方法对该硅微压电换能器的结构进行了模拟和计算,并进行了预应力对硅微换能器共振频率的影响的分析.实验测得硅微压电式换能器的共振频率为71.36 kHz.本文还使用该硅微超声换能器在油中进行了初步的共振频率点收发信号的实验,接收实验测得信号峰峰值为9 mV左右,发射实验标准水听器接收信号峰峰值为0.8 mV左右.     

A small three-way valve using particle excitation with piezoelectric transducers for hydraulic actuators

Abstract

Robots composed of hydraulic actuators have been utilized in various fields and at disaster sites. However, the hydraulic control system for multiple-degree-of-freedom mechanisms is large because such systems require many control components. The purpose of this research was to develop a small hydraulic flow control valve. This paper describes the fabrication and evaluation of a small three-way valve by particle excitation using a piezoelectric transducer. This valve consists of two transducers and can switch the inlet and outlet ports by applying an AC voltage of different driving frequencies to each transducer because each transducer has different resonant frequencies. The flow rate was controlled by applying a voltage to the piezoelectric transducer. We evaluated the vibration characteristics of the fabricated three-way valve. The vibration velocity exhibited peaks at 120 and 155 kHz for the inlet and outlet port, respectively, and that of each transducer increased with the applied voltage. Therefore, this three-way valve can switch the opening port by changing the driving frequencies and continuously controlling the flow rate. As a result, we have succeeded in driving the novel small three-way valve.     

Optimal design of an ultrasonic transducer

An ultrasonic transducer, consisting of two piezoelectric ceramic disks and two resonance rods, is optimized with respect to the shape of the two resonance rods in order to maximize the amplitude of the vibrating tip. The mathematical model is presented and a finite element model of the transducer is set up. Harmonic analysis (forced vibration) is used for calculation of resonance frequency, vibration mode, amplitude and phase. The resulting optimal shape is presented. The numerical analysis shows that the new design improves the amplitude 4.0 times. The improved transducer has been tested against the standard transducer and experiments show good agreement with theoretical results. A special design of the ultrasonic transducer for sonar applications has also been investigated. Applications of the improved ultrasonic transducer are more efficient transducers in high energy applications such as ultrasonic welding, drilling, disruption, cleaning, and sonar and underwater communication.     

基于STM32的燃气轮机振动监测系统的设计

为了能够准确、实时的提取燃气轮机关键部位在关注频段内的振动数据,设计了一种燃气轮机振动监测系统.该系统以STM32为核心处理器,通过加速度传感器对振动信号进行采集,利用积分放大电路、外置高精度模数转换电路和数模转换电路等进行信号调理,辅助FIR的数字滤波窗函数进行频段内振动数据的提取,并用仿真分析验证其滤波算法的准确性.经实际试验结果验证,该振动监测系统具有工作稳定、精度高、频段提取准确的优点,能够满足实际工程要求.     

宽带高效超声波传感器的研究

提出了一种新型的双层压电结构超声波传感器 ,借助于移相电容器的移相作用 ,改变各压电层的激励电压的幅值和相位 ,实现对传感器频率特性的控制 ,从而得到了具有宽频带高效率的超声波传感器 ,为研究宽带高效超声波传感器探索了一条新的途径     

Resonant-Type Smooth Impact Drive Mechanism Actuator with Two Langevin Transducers

A smooth impact drive mechanism (SIDM) is a unique piezoelectric actuator that is widely used as a camera focusing mechanism, cell phone lens movement mechanism, etc. This principle enables a compact driving mechanism; however, it cannot generate high-speed movement because a soft-type multilayered piezoelectric transducer (PZT) is utilized at off-resonant movement. This paper proposes a resonant-type SIDM actuator driven with hard-type PZTs to realize high-speed and powerful operation. The fundamental principle is also based on the conventional SIDM; therefore, a saw-shaped movement is required. To generate a high-power ultrasonic output, two Langevin transducers are adopted instead of a soft-type multilayered PZT. One Langevin transducer was a stator and the other was slider whose tip was adhered to a carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) rod. The CFRP rod was connected to the stator transducer with the frictional force. To obtain quasi-saw-shaped vibration, the longitudinal vibration for each Langevin transducer was excited and these movements were added at the connection point at the CFRP rod. In order to combine these vibration modes, the lengths of the stator and slider Langevin transducers were designed to make the resonant frequencies ratio to be 1:2. By using the proposed principle, the slider Langevin transducer was successfully driven with the speed of 0.11 m/s and the output force was 1.8 N with no load.