基于数据中心的两阶段虚拟机能效优化部署算法

针对数据中心在虚拟机动态部署过程中的高能耗问题,提出了面向数据中心的两阶段虚拟机能效优化部署算法--DVMP_VMMA。第一阶段为初始部署,提出了动态虚拟机部署(DVMP)算法限定主机最优部署数量,降低了闲置能耗;同时,为了应对负载的动态变化,第二阶段提出迁移约束的虚拟机迁移算法(VMMA)对初始部署方案作进一步优化,这样不仅得到的系统能耗更低,而且还能保证应用服务质量。与满载算法(FL)、基于固定门限值的部署算法(FT),绝对中位差部署算法(MAD)、四分位差部署算法(QD)、迁移周期最优算法(MTM)、最小占用率迁移算法(MIU)进行的比较实验结果表明:DVMP_VMMA不仅考虑了系统能耗优化,使运行时资源利用率更高;而且还可以避免VM频繁迁移完成对性能的提升,其在优化数据中心能耗、SLA违例、VM迁移量的控制及性能损失等指标上均有较好效果,其综合性能优于对比算法。     

面向低能耗的虚拟机部署和迁移策略

为提高数据中心的资源利用率并降低能耗,提出了面向低能耗的虚拟机部署和迁移策略,包括虚拟机初始部署算法BT-MPA和虚拟机动态迁移算法MMT-MMA。BT-MPA算法基于回溯法实现虚拟机集合和主机集合的最优初始映射,MMT-MMA算法基于最小迁移时间策略实现虚拟机动态迁移。仿真验证了所提出策略能够在降低数据中心总能耗的同时避免了不必要的迁移开销。     

基于动态调整阈值的虚拟机迁移算法

针对当前数据中心服务器能耗优化和虚拟机迁移时机合理性问题,提出一种基于动态调整阈值（DAT）的虚拟机迁移算法。该算法首先通过统计分析物理机历史负载数据动态地调整虚拟机迁移的阈值门限,然后通过延时触发和预测物理机的负载趋势确定虚拟机迁移时机。最后将该算法应用到实验室搭建的数据中心平台上进行实验验证,结果表明基于DAT的虚拟机迁移算法比静态阈值法关闭的物理机数量更多,云数据中心能耗更低。基于DAT的虚拟机迁移算法能根据物理机的负载变化动态迁移虚拟机,达到提高物理机资源利用率、降低数据中心能耗、提高虚拟机迁移效率的目的。     

数据中心网络拓扑感知型能耗优化算法

针对数据中心网络中高能耗的问题,提出了一种拓扑感知型能耗优化算法。算法首先根据广义超立方体拓扑多维正交和单维全连接的结构特性,优化虚拟机的部署位置,进而提出多维最佳适应策略来充分利用服务器各维资源。然后利用虚拟机资源需求预测模型并结合迁移代价公式,均衡考虑服务器资源使用代价、虚拟机通信代价和迁移资源消耗,在合理迁移虚拟机以满足系统性能的前提下,降低了网络的能耗并且缓解了网络链路的拥塞。最终将网络的能耗优化问题转化成虚拟机在服务器上的优化配置问题。实验结果表明,与其他三种算法比较,算法在降低系统能耗和减少拥塞方面获得了良好的效果。     

基于混合群智能的节能虚拟机整合方法

数据中心的虚拟机（virtual machine,VM）整合技术是当今云计算领域的一个研究热点.要在保证服务质量（QoS）的前提下尽可能地降低云数据中心的服务器能耗,本质上是一个多目标优化的NP难问题.为了更好地解决该问题,面向异构服务器云环境提出了一种基于差分进化与粒子群优化的混合群智能节能虚拟机整合方法（HSI-VMC）.该方法包括基于峰值效能比的静态阈值超载服务器检测策略（PEBST）、基于迁移价值比的待迁移虚拟机选择策略（MRB）、目标服务器选择策略、混合离散化启发式差分进化粒子群优化虚拟机放置算法（HDH-DEPSO）以及基于负载均值的欠载服务器处理策略（AVG）.其中,PEBST,MRB,AVG策略的结合能够根据服务器的峰值效能比和CPU的负载均值检测出超载和欠载服务器,并选出合适的虚拟机进行迁移,降低负载波动引起的服务水平协议违约率（SLAV）和虚拟机迁移的次数;HDH-DEPSO算法结合DE和PSO的优点,能够搜索出更优的虚拟机放置方案,使服务器尽可能地保持在峰值效能比下运行,降低服务器的能耗开销.基于真实云环境数据集（PlanetLab/Mix/Gan）的一系列实验结果表明：HSI-VMC方法与当前主流的几种节能虚拟机整合方法相比,能够更好地兼顾多个QoS指标,并有效地降低云数据中心的服务器能耗开销.     

高效能云计算虚拟机优化部署策略

针对云计算应用负载需求的动态变化特性,提出了一种自适应虚拟机优化部署策略。算法通过基于强局部加权回归的热点发现机制,可以根据负载所体现的资源占用历史信息动态决策主机的超载时机;通过迁移周期最优算法MPM和迁移量最少算法MNM进行超载主机的迁移虚拟机选择;提出基于功耗感知的PBFDH算法对迁移虚拟机再次优化部署。实验结果表明,算法不仅可以降低能耗,还可以降低SLA违例率。     

基于DVFS感知与虚拟机动态合并的云数据中心能效策略

为了解决云数据中心资源分配时能耗与性能间的均衡问题,提出了一种基于DVFS感知与虚拟机动态合并的能效优化策略。首先,策略通过新的DVFS管理算法（DVFS-perf）在不降低系统性能的同时降低了数据中心功耗,然后,通过频率感知的虚拟机VM部署合并算法（Frequency-aware Placement）在实现DVFS最优配置的同时最小化总体能耗,同时确保了虚拟机映射时的QoS保障。最后,通过真实云负载数据流构建仿真实验进行了性能分析。结果表明,在动态负载条件下,策略可以在不降低QoS和不增加SLA违例的情况下,降低虚拟机迁移次数和数据中心的总体能耗,更好地实现能耗与性能的均衡。     

面向业务动态变化的虚拟机迁移技术研究

针对数据中心内业务需求动态变化下虚拟机的迁移问题,提出了一种基于动态资源需求相关性的虚拟机迁移算法。该算法首先对各个虚拟机的资源需求变化以及服务器资源利用率的动态特性之间的相关性进行定量评估,再根据相关性最优匹配原则以及虚拟机的服务水平协议（SLA）以确定各个待迁移虚拟机的最佳迁移策略。通过与其它虚拟机迁移算法比较,结果表明该算法能更有效地降低动态环境下虚拟机的迁移成本、提高服务器资源利用率以及降低数据中心的能耗。该算法能较好地适用于资源需求动态变化环境下的虚拟机迁移,达到物理资源的高效利用。     

基于灰色关联度的云计算虚拟机分配方法

针对云计算系统中资源利用率提高和系统能耗降低之间的协调问题,提出了一种新的基于灰色关联度的虚拟机分配方法,应用灰色关联度的基本理论建立了基于服务层协议(SLA)违背率、系统能耗和服务器负载评价函数的虚拟机分配决策模型,构造了基于灰色关联度的虚拟机分配算法,并在CloudSim仿真平台上进行了实验。实验结果表明,与传统的基于简单线性权重的多目标优化方法相比,在不同的虚拟机选择策略下,基于灰色关联度的虚拟机分配方法在系统能耗、SLA违背率和虚拟机迁移次数上平均降低〖BP(〗是提高吗？应该是降低吧？请明确一下。〖BP)〗了6.8%、5.2%和15.5%。因此,所提方法在不同的虚拟机选择策略下能够大幅度减少虚拟机迁移次数,较好地满足系统在能耗和SLA违背率上的优化需求。     

基于虚拟机动态迁移的负载均衡策略

针对数据中心由于异构节点资源利用率不均衡导致的负载均衡问题,本文提出了一种基于动态阈值的迁移时机判决算法与基于负载类型感知的选择算法相结合的虚拟机动态迁移选择策略.该策略先通过监控全局负载度与高低负载节点占比动态调整状态阈值,并结合负载评估值判断迁移时机;再分析虚拟机负载类型,依据虚拟机与节点资源的依赖度、虚拟机当前内存带宽比和虚拟机贡献度选择待迁移虚拟机,并根据虚拟机与目的节点的资源匹配度与迁移代价选择目的节点,实现对高负载与低负载节点的虚拟机动态调整,从而优化节点资源配置问题.实验结果表明,该策略可以有效减少虚拟机迁移次数并保证数据中心服务质量,最终改善数据中心的负载均衡能力.     

An Optimization-Based Scheme for Efficient Virtual Machine Placement

According to the important methodology of convex optimization theory, the energy-efficient and scalability problems of modern data centers are studied. Then a novel virtual machine (VM) placement scheme is proposed for solving these problems in large scale. Firstly, by referring the definition of VM placement fairness and utility function, the basic algorithm of VM placement which fulfills server constraints of physical machines is discussed. Then, we abstract the VM placement as an optimization problem which considers the inherent dependencies and traffic between VMs. By given the structural differences of recently proposed data center architectures, we further investigate a comparative analysis on the impact of the network architectures, server constraints and application dependencies on the potential performance gain of optimization-based VM placement. Comparing with the existing schemes, the performance improvements are illustrated from multiple perspectives, such as reducing the number of physical machines deployment, decreasing communication cost between VMs, improving energy-efficient and scalability of data centers.     

云计算中基于多目标优化的动态资源配置方法

目前,云平台的大多数动态资源分配策略只考虑如何减少激活物理节点的数量来达到节能的目的,以实现绿色计算,但这些资源再配置方案很少考虑到虚拟机放置的稳定性。针对应用负载的动态变化特征,提出一种新的面向多虚拟机分布稳定性的基于多目标优化的动态资源配置方法,结合各应用负载的当前状态和未来的预测数据,综合考虑虚拟机重新放置的开销以及新虚拟机放置状态的稳定性,并设计了面向虚拟机分布稳定性的基于多目标优化的遗传算法（MOGANS）进行求解。仿真实验结果表明,相对于面向节能和多虚拟机重分布开销的遗传算法（GA-NN）,MOGANS得到的虚拟机分布方式的稳定时间是GA-NN的10.42倍;同时,MOGANS也较好权衡了多虚拟机分布的稳定性和新旧状态转换所需的虚拟机迁移开销之间的关系。     

An efficient energy-aware method for virtual machine placement in cloud data centers using the cultural algorithm

Excessive consumption of energy in cloud data centers whose number is increasing day by day has led to substantial problems. Hence, offering efficient schemes for virtual machine (VM) placement to decrease energy consumption in cloud computing environments has become a significant research field in recent years. In this paper, with the goal of reducing energy consumption in cloud data centers, we present a VM placement method using the cultural algorithm. In the proposed algorithm called balance-based cultural algorithm for virtual machine placement (BCAVMP), a new fitness function is introduced to evaluate VM allocation solutions. In this function, by using the sum of balance vector lengths for each VM placement, balanced utilization of resources is considered. Also, by applying the amount of energy usage in the fitness function, solutions with lower energy consumption are intended. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using CloudSim simulator. The simulation results indicate that by appropriate VM assignment and resource wastage reduction, energy consumption in cloud data centers can be decreased.

     

A service framework for energy-aware monitoring and VM management in Clouds

The monitoring of QoS parameters in Services Computing as well as in Clouds has been a functionality provided by all contemporary systems. As the optimization of energy consumption becomes a major concern for system designers and administrators, it can be considered as another QoS metric to be monitored. In this paper, we present a service framework that allows us to monitor the energy consumption of a Cloud infrastructure, calculate its energy efficiency, and evaluate the gathered data in order to put in place an effective virtual machine (VM) management. In that context, a simulation scenario of an eco-driven VM placement policy resulted in a 14% improvement of the infrastructure’s energy efficiency. In total, the proposed approaches and implementations have been validated against a testbed, producing very promising results regarding the prospect of energy efficiency as an important quality factor in Clouds.     

Cuckoo search based resource optimization of datacenters

With advancements in virtualization technology, datacenters are often faced with the challenge of managing large numbers of virtual machine (VM) requests. Due to this large amount of VM requests, it has become practically impossible to search all possible VM placements in order to find a solution that best optimizes certain design objectives. As a result, managers of datacenters have resorted to the employment of heuristic optimization algorithms for VM placement. In this paper, we employ the cuckoo search optimization (CSO) algorithm to solve the VM placement problem of datacenters. Firstly, we use the CSO to optimize the datacenter for the minimization of the number of physical machines used for placement. Secondly, we implement a multiobjective CSO algorithm to simultaneously optimize the power consumption and resource wastage of the datacenter. Simulation results show that both CSO algorithms outperform the reordered grouping genetic algorithm (RGGA), the grouping genetic algorithm (GGA), improved least-loaded (ILL) and improved FFD (IFFD) methods of VM placement.     

DFA-VMP: An efficient and secure virtual machine placement strategy under cloud environment

The problem of Virtual Machine (VM) placement is critical to the security and efficiency of the cloud infrastructure. Nowadays most research focuses on the influences caused by the deployed VM on the data center load, energy consumption, resource loss, etc. Few works consider the security and privacy issues of the tenant data on the VM. For instance, as the application of virtualization technology, the VM from different tenants may be placed on one physical host. Hence, attackers may steal secrets from other tenants by using the side-channel attack based on the shared physical resources, which will threat the data security of the tenants in the cloud computing. To address the above issues, this paper proposes an efficient and secure VM placement strategy. Firstly, we define the related security and efficiency indices in the cloud computing system. Then, we establish a multi-objective constraint optimization model for the VM placement considering the security and performance of the system, and find resolution towards this model based on the discrete firefly algorithm. The experimental results in OpenStack cloud platform indicates that the above strategy can effectively reduce the possibility of malicious tenants and targeted tenants on the same physical node, and reduce energy consumption and resource loss at the data center.     

Adaptive Markov-based approach for dynamic virtual machine consolidation in cloud data centers with quality-of-service constraints

Dynamic virtual machine (VM) consolidation is one of the emerging technologies that has been considered for low-cost computing in cloud data centers. Quality-of-service (QoS) assurance is one of the challenging issues in the VM consolidation problem since it is directly affected by the increase of resource utilization due to the consolidations. In this paper, we take advantage of Markov chain models to propose a novel approach for VM consolidation that can be used to explicitly set a desired level of QoS constraint in a data center to ensure the QoS goals while improving system utilization. For this purpose, an energy-efficient and QoS-aware best fit decreasing algorithm for VM placement is proposed, which considers QoS objective when determining the location of a migrating VM. This algorithm employs an online transition matrix estimator method to deal with the nonstationary nature of real workload data. We also propose new policies for detecting overloaded and underloaded hosts. The performance of our proposed algorithms is evaluated through simulations. The results show that the proposed VM consolidation algorithms in this paper outperforms the benchmark algorithms in terms of energy consumption, service-level agreement violations, and other cost factors.     

Application type based resource allocation strategy in cloud environment

Unreasonable resource allocation may shorten the service life of physical servers and affect the stability of the cloud data center. To solve this issue, a virtual machine (VM) allocation and placement strategy based on the types of applications is proposed. According to the strategy, appropriate VM is allocated based on the type of application. And the VM is placed on the server that the available resources is sufficient enough to support the application. Meanwhile, the load balance of the server is also considered when the VM is placed. Simulations on Cloudsim platform show that the performance of load balance of the VM placement strategy proposed is much better than that of the traditional VM placement strategy. And extensive experiments on cloudstack show that the VM placement strategy proposed is much more efficient than the traditional VM placement strategy in execution.     

A thermal-aware VM consolidation mechanism with outage avoidance

Efficient energy and temperature management techniques are essential elements for operators of cloud data centers. Dynamic virtual machine (VM) consolidation using live migration techniques presents a great opportunity for cloud service providers to adaptively reduce energy consumption and optimize their resource utilization. In recent studies, power consumption readings of individual physical hosts were chosen as the main monitoring parameters in their allocation policies, whereas very few have considered host temperature, which has shown to have a negative impact on server reliability, as a migration criterion. In this work, a thermal-aware VM consolidation mechanism is proposed for resource allocation optimization and server reliability assurance. We consider the variability in host temperature as a migration criterion to avoid outage incidents via having better VM consolidations. Extensive simulation results obtained from CloudSim show the promising performance of the proposed mechanism in energy saving while reducing the number of server outage incidents due to fluctuations in host temperature.