基于相控阵技术的新型无源RFID标签理论研究

基于无源超高频射频识别(UHF RFID)系统的基本工作原理,提出了一种新型标签,将相控阵天线引入无源标签,使得标签具有了定位功能,并且可以改善UHF RFID系统的通信距离.对标签相控阵天线各参数进行了理论数值分析,并使用Matlab软件针对不同的天线阵元个数和阵元间距仿真天线波束幅值与方向性参数,进而实现对理论分析结果的验证.结果表明:理论与仿真结果相符.通过仿真确定了合适的相控阵天线参数,为进一步的研究设计奠定了理论基础.     

基于电力网络传输的ETC系统RSU设备监测方法研究与装置开发

为进一步优化ETC系统信号的传输效率和质量,提出对RSU设备中的RFID标签天线进行改进优化,进而提升RFID系统的信号传输水平。其中,对系统的阻抗带宽、天线识别距离、功率反射系数三个参数进行调整优化,并根据改进结果进行标签天线的重新构建。仿真结果表明,与国内的标准ETC系统RFID标签天线相比,设计的标签天线完全满足设计标准,同时具有更高的回波损耗,达到了-35 dB,明显高于标准的-18 dB,这表明该天线具有更好的阻抗匹配情况,能够进行更加准确且稳定的信号传输。综上,设计通过对RFID标签天线的优化,能够有效提升RSU设备中RFID的信号传输质量,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

土壤及标签贴附方式对RFID标签性能影响

超高频射频识别(Ultra High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification,UHF RFID)应用于土壤样品管理可大幅度提升管理信息化水平,然而土壤及标签天线贴附方式都对超高频RFID标签天线性能有影响。采用电磁仿真软件Ansoft HFSS对超高频RFID标签天线的性能进行仿真分析,并通过天线理论探究了标签贴附方式、样品瓶中土壤含量对于标签天线性能的影响。结果表明,标签天线垂直放置时会导致标签天线方向图发生较大改变;土壤会影响标签天线输入阻抗,改变标签天线识别距离,并引起标签天线失谐;同时发现土壤与标签相对位置的不同对标签天线性能的影响也有所不同。     

无源反向散射RFID系统识别距离的影响因素分析

针对RFID技术应用的日益重要性,基于电磁场散射和微带天线理论,系统地研究了无源反向散射RFID系统识别距离的影响因数,并提出了无源反向散射RFID系统最大识别距离的计算方法。研究结果表明,天线参数直接影响系统的识别距离,其中,天线的增益、工作频率、雷达截面、品质因数、极化方式和应用环境等参数起决定性作用。研究结果对优化无源反向散射RFID系统的性能及天线设计有益。     

柔性标签弯曲及对RFID系统识读距离的影响研究

针对平面结构标签在使用过程中经常发生弯曲形变的问题,研究一种柔性标签发生圆弧形弯曲和垂直折叠形变时天线性能的变化以及对RFID系统识读距离的影响。介绍柔性标签天线的研究现状,分析影响RFID系统识读距离的关键因素,通过示意图阐述弯曲天线模型的建模方法,基于HFSS仿真分析阻抗、增益和辐射效率等的变化规律。通过实际测量验证了RFID系统识读距离的仿真结果及该方法的可行性。     

射频识别技术的车辆主动定位方法

传统的车辆定位方法只能获得车辆的具体坐标信息,无法确定车辆位于道路的第几车道。本文提出基于射频识别技术对车辆进行主动定位的定位方法。该方法将RFID阅读器的3组天线的阅读距离设计为特定值,根据阅读器3组天线是否读到标签的不同情况,判定车辆位于第几车道,进而计算出车辆的位置。通过对该方法进行误差分析,结果证明该方法能够完成对车辆在具体车道上的主动定位。     

无源UHF超高频标签天线设计与研究

无源UHF频段RFID技术信号传输速度快,覆盖距离远,通过与互联网、通讯等技术相结合,可实现全球范围内物品的跟踪与信息共享。该技术由射频模拟前端电路、控制逻辑电路等组成的无源UHF超高频射频识别标签系统,由外接天线与读写器完成通信,天线既要与识别标签相匹配,又要与读写器较好地通信,天线决定了标签是否能正常工作,同时也决定了信号传输的距离。为此,通过研究天线的匹配阻抗、形状尺寸与大小,以及频带的设计,探索出了低成本、高可靠的天线设计方案。     

声表面波标签的小型化天线设计与测试

声表面波标签具有无源无线等优点,但现有标签天线尺寸较大,限制了其在很多场合的应用。通过弯折偶极子天线臂的方式以实现声表面波标签天线的小型化,采用HFSS软件对小型化天线的尺寸参数进行了扫描分析和优化设计,实际测试了天线性能和相应的系统识别距离,并采用ADS软件对标签芯片和标签天线进行了阻抗匹配。小型化天线尺寸仅28 mm×34 mm,远小于原有天线的尺寸,且系统识别距离可达3.2 m,满足大多数场合的应用要求。     

弯折线偶极子射频识别标签天线设计方法研究

由于弯折线偶极子天线具有体积小,辐射效率相对较高等优点,常常被用来设计射频识别标签天线.提出了一种通过弯折线偶极子天线尺寸计算其电感值,从而间接求解谐振频率的方法,分析了设计一般弯折线偶极子天线尤其是应用于射频识别标签的弯折线偶极子天线的局限性,辐射效率低.针对上述问题,提出了改进方法.并利用仿真软件和实验对此改进方法进行验证.仿真及实验结果表明,改进后的计算方法能够跟据已知的谐振频率设计出相应的弯折线偶极子标签天线外形,从而简化了设计步骤,缩短了设计周期,提高天线的效率和准确性.     

大空间双模多频段射频识别复合定位

针对室内大范围射频识别定位,提出一种双模多频段射频识别复合定位方法。被定位对象同时携带有源和无源两种模式的标签,微波频段阅读器与被低频频段信号激活的有源标签通信,根据有源标签信号区域选通超高频频段读写器天线,以减轻读写器天线之间干扰;以固定时间读写器天线对无源标签的收包次数为定位参数,在被定位对象位置计算过程中分区筛选最大后验概率位置并利用欧式距离修正定位坐标,完成贝叶斯概率定位算法的改进。实验验证表明,本文提出的复合定位方法,不但可以改善大空间定位中读写器天线间的干扰,而且与LANDMARC算法相比较,定位误差降低59.86%。     

RFID tag antenna for ultra and super high frequency band applications

A novel dual‐band antenna for radio frequency identification tag is proposed for ultra high frequency (UHF: 915 MHz) and super high frequency (SHF: 2450 MHz) bands. The proposed tag antenna is a single sided dual‐antenna structure, designed on the grounded (metallic) dielectric substrate. The proposed tag antenna can be used on any kind of surfaces including metals without severe performance degradation due to its metallic ground plane. At UHF band, proposed tag antenna works as dual‐antenna structure. In the dual‐antenna structure, one antenna works for receiving and another for backscattering. Due to separate backscatterer, the maximum differential radar cross section improved and results in the enhancement of the maximum read range. Whereas at SHF band, proposed antenna works as conventional single antenna structure and during operations it switches between receiving and backscattering modes. The proposed antenna consists of a meandered line antenna and a rectangular patch antenna loaded with an F‐shaped and an inverted L‐shaped slots. The S‐parameters are measured by means of differential probe technique. Simulated and measured results are observed in good agreement. The read range is observed about 5 and 6 m at 915 and 2450 MHz, respectively. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 26:640–650, 2016.     

盲分离的帧时隙超高频RFID系统防碰撞算法

针对频率范围在860~960 MHz内的超高频(UHF)射频信号,提出一种基于独立成分分析(ICA)和帧时隙的射频识别(RFID)系统防碰撞算法。通过合理的帧时隙数选择可以使每一时隙内的标签数不大于阅读器的天线数,从而可以利用ICA算法实现多标签的同时识别。仿真结果表明,与传统的标签防碰撞算法及基于位隙动态分组的盲分离多标签防碰撞算法(BSDBG)相比,该算法在标签识别率方面具有明显的优势,且随着天线数的增加,算法的识别时间要低于BSDBG算法,进一步验证了将盲源分离技术运用于标签识别的可行性和高效性,在需要高效率和智能化管理的工程领域中具有潜在的应用价值。     

基于无源RFID标签天线转向架表面裂纹检测研究

在高速列车长期、快速行驶中,其转向架金属结构会因疲劳、应力、环境等因素影响,产生金属裂纹。为了在高速列车中的转型架金属表面实现远距离无损检测并判断是否存在裂纹,设计了一种应用在超高频频段的微带贴片型射频识别（Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)抗金属标签,配合RFID芯片,标定RFID阅读器与标签天线的位置和其发射天线的功率,当金属表面存在裂纹时标签天线谐振频率会向低频移动,并产生影响导致RFID系统识别距离的改变,从而实现金属表面裂纹检测。使用高频结构仿真(High Frequency Structure Simulator,HFSS)软件对天线结构进行优化,使其与芯片阻抗匹配,模拟了天线在金属表面存在裂纹的情况。由仿真结果可以分析得出：设计的无线有芯片微带贴片型RFID转向架表面裂纹检测标签能够有效地实现远距离监测金属表面裂纹长度、方向的变化情况。     

Linearly tapered meander line cross dipole circularly polarized antenna for UHF RFID tag applications

In this article, a circularly polarized antenna for ultra‐high frequency radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is presented. The circular polarization is realized by two orthogonal, unequal length linearly tapered meander line cross dipoles. The meander structure with capacitive tip loading is used for size miniaturization of the antenna. A modified T‐match network is employed to feed the cross dipole structure. The measured 10‐dB return loss bandwidth of the cross dipole antenna is 17 MHz (908‐923 MHz) and the corresponding 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth is 6 MHz (912‐918 MHz). The overall size of the proposed antenna is 0.17λ₀ × 0.17λ₀ at 915 MHz. The maximum read range between the reader and the tag with the proposed antenna is 4.7 m larger than the analogous linearly polarized tag antenna due to the reduction in polarization loss between the tag and reader antennas. Thus, a maximum read range of 15.66 m with the gain of 1.28 dBic is achieved at 915 MHz.     

Ultra‐high‐frequency radio frequency identification tag antenna applied for human body and water surfaces

A novel ultra‐high‐frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna has been proposed in this article, which can be mounted on the surfaces of the human body and water. The proposed antenna is realized by an elliptical structure, whose long and short axes are 72 and 30 mm, respectively. The tag antenna consists of an elliptical loop radiation element, microstrip feed lines, arc matching networks, and tuning patches. We have analyzed the antenna radiation characteristics influenced by the structural parameters of the antenna and the thicknesses of the human body and water. The simulation and measurement results show that the proposed antenna can operate steadily on the surfaces of the human body and water with good conjugate impedance matching. The maximum measured reading range of the tag antenna on the surfaces of the human body and water can reach 5 and 7 m, respectively. The novelties exhibited in the proposed antenna include an elliptical structure, the stable performance on the surfaces of the human body and water, small size, and long reading range.     

A miniaturized circularly polarized implantable RFID antenna for biomedical applications

A miniaturized circularly polarized implantable antenna operating at ultrahigh frequency band (902‐928 MHz) for radio frequency identification biomedical monitoring is first presented and experimentally validated in this article. The proposed antenna features a compact volume with a dimension of π × (6)² × 1.27 mm³ by employing an extended ring with meandered lines for size reduction. Moreover, adjusting the length of symmetrical meandered lines can introduce two orthogonal modes, which makes for good performance of circular polarization. Superb impedance matching between the chip and tag antenna is well implemented by applying a modified T‐match stub. In the simulation, the antenna achieves a ?10‐dB impedance bandwidth of 42 MHz (902‐944 MHz) and 3‐dB axial‐ratio bandwidth is 53 MHz (892‐945 MHz). Finally, the specific absorption rate is also calculated for human safety and the measured reading range reaches the maximum distance of about 87 cm.     

A dual band dual antenna with read range enhancement for UHF RFID tags

This article presents a novel dual antenna structure for dual ultra high frequency bands (f₁ = 866 MHz and f₂ = 915 MHz) for radio frequency identification tags. The proposed structure consists of two dual band antennas, one acting as a receiving antenna and the other as a backscattering antenna at both the frequency bands. The receiving antenna is designed to have input impedance complex conjugate to the impedance of tag IC in order to maximize power transfer between the antenna and the microchip. The backscattered antenna is designed to have real‐valued input impedance at both the operating frequency bands to obtain maximum differential radar cross section leading to read range enhancement. The dual band receiving antenna is designed by embedding a pair of thin slits at a radiating edge of inset fed microstrip antenna. The backscattering antenna is comprised of two elements, one is a comb‐shaped open ring element, and the other is a meander line structure which is within the open ring element. Compared to conventional antennas, the proposed dual antenna structure provides a read range enhancement due to improved maximum differential RCS. The proposed dual antenna produced 4.3 m and 6.8 m read range at 866 MHz and 915 MHz, respectively.     

超高频RFID标签一致性的近场检测技术

超高频RFID标签一致性直接影响RFID系统中采集数据的识别率和准确率。采用接收信号强度指示RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indicator)技术及数理统计,采集标签反射信号强度,设定标准差阈值,作为标签一致性检测参数。研制弯折偶极子近场天线,实现0.1 mm近距离标签识读。利用屏蔽效应,在全自动卷筒式RFID标签套装上设置打点标识机构,对标签批量标记,可实现对柔性超高频RFID标签的高速、批量一致性检测。