Model-based cold-start speed control scheme for spark ignition engines

This paper presents a model-based control scheme to the cold-start speed control in spark ignition (SI) engines. The multi-variable control algorithm is developed with the purpose of improving the transient performance of the starting engine speed: the control inputs are the fuel injection, the throttle and the spark advance (SA), while the engine speed and the air mass flow rate are the measured signals. The fuel injection is performed with a dual sampling rate system: the cycle-based fuel injection command is individually adjusted for each cylinder by using a TDC (top dead center)-based air charge estimation. The desired performance for speed regulation is achieved by using a coordinated control of SA and throttle operation. The speed error convergence of the closed loop system is proved for simplified, second-order model with a time-delay, and the robustness with respect to parameter uncertainties is investigated. The performance and the robustness with respect to modeling uncertainties of the proposed control scheme are tested using an industrial engine simulator with six cylinders.     

混合动力电动汽车中利用决策树CART算法的能源管理方案

针对混合动力电动汽车(HEV)氮氧化物( )排放的问题,提出了一种基于决策树CART算法的柴油混合动力能源管理策略。首先,提出了一种结合决策树与回归树的分类算法(Classification and Regression Tress,CART),针对类别和变量特征,从一个或多个预测变量中预测出个例的趋势变化关系;然后,通过控制发动机和电动机之间的扭矩分配,引入了额外的自由度以调整从纯燃料经济性情况到纯 限制情况的优化权衡;最后,采用基于软件在环路和硬件在环仿真的方法,从而根据动力系统配置了解系统性能,并调整所提出的能源管理策略。实验结果表明,提出的柴油混合动力能源管理策略中, 的减少对燃料消耗的影响,且可以通过选择最佳工作点和限制发动机动力来限制 排放的潜力。相比其他几种较新的同类方案,提出的方案在同等燃料消耗的情况下 排放量更小,在燃料消耗略有下降的情况下,可以显着降低 。     

Introduction to the benchmark challenge on common rail pressure control of gasoline direct injection engines

As one of the most important actuators for gasoline direct injection technology, common rail systems provide the requested rail pressure for fuel injection. Special system characteristics, such as coupled discrete-continuous dynamic in the common rail system, limited measurable states, and time-varying engine operating conditions, impel the combination of advanced methods to obtain the desired injection pressure. Therefore, reducing the pressure fluctuation and satisfying engineering implementation have become noteworthy issues for rail pressure control (RPC) systems. In this study, the benchmark problem and the design specification of RPC proposed by 2018 IFAC E-CoSM Committee are introduced. Moreover, a common rail system model is provided to the challengers, and a traditional PI control is applied to show the problem behaviors. Finally, intermediate results of the challengers are summarized briefly.     

Look-ahead controls of heavy duty trucks on open roads — six benchmark solutions

A benchmark problem for fuel efficient control of a truck on a given road profile has been formulated and solved. Six different solution strategies utilizing varying degrees of off-line and on-line computations are described and compared. A vehicle model is used to benchmark the solutions on different driving missions. The vehicle model was presented at the IFAC AAC 2016 symposium and is compiled from model components validated in previous research projects. The driving scenario is provided as a road slope profile and a desired trip time. The problem to solve is a combination of engine-, driveline- and vehicle-control while fulfilling demands on emissions, driving time, legislative speed, and engine protections. The strength of this publication is the collection of all six different solutions in one paper. This paper is intended to provide a starting point for practicing engineers or researchers who work with optimal and/or model based vehicle control.     

Simple adaptive air-fuel ratio control of a port injection SI engine with a cylinder pressure sensor

The problem of air-fuel ratio(AFR) control of the port injection spark ignition(SI) engine is still of considerable importance because of stringent demands on emission control. In this paper, the static AFR calculation model based on in-cylinder pressure data and on the adaptive AFR control strategy is presented. The model utilises the intake manifold pressure, engine speed, total heat release, and the rapid burn angle, as input variables for the AFR computation. The combustion parameters, total heat release,and rapid burn angle, are calculated from in-cylinder pressure data. This proposed AFR model can be applied to the virtual lambda sensor for the feedback control system. In practical applications, simple adaptive control(SAC) is applied in conjunction with the AFR model for port-injected fuel control. The experimental results show that the proposed model can estimate the AFR, and the accuracy of the estimated value is applicable to the feedback control system. Additionally, the adaptive controller with the AFR model can be applied to regulate the AFR of the port injection SI engine.     

Optimal combustion control with application to engine design and development

The need to reduce development time whilst simultaneously improving engine performance has motivated this application of optimal control to product development processes for engines and powertrains. The optimisation of the fuel consumption is formulated as a constrained Optimal Control Problem (OCP) and solved using pseudospectral methods, giving the optimum heat release and injection profiles in the presence of cylinder pressure rate and cylinder pressure constraints. The technique is applied to an engine design problem and used to reduce fuel consumption by optimising compression ratio within a cylinder pressure limit, also providing new insights into the combustion processes.     

Neural network model-based automotive engine air/fuel ratio control and robustness evaluation

Automotive engines are multivariable system with severe non-linear dynamics, and their modelling and control are challenging tasks for control engineers. Current control of engine used look-up table combined with proportional and integral (PI) control and is not robust to system uncertainty and time varying effects. In this paper the model predictive control strategy is applied to engine air/fuel ratio control using neural network model. The neural network model uses information from multivariables and considers engine dynamics to do multi-step ahead prediction. The model is adapted in on-line mode to cope with system uncertainty and time varying effects. Thus, the control performance is more accurate and robust compared with non-adaptive model based methods. To speed up algorithm calculation, different optimisation algorithms are investigated and performance compared. Finally, the developed method is evaluated on a well-known engine benchmark, a simulated mean value engine model (MVEM). The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method.     

A hybrid feedback for a benchmark problem of idle speed control

The ever increasing demands on passengers' comfort, safety, emissions and fuel consumption imposed by car manufacturers and regulations call for advanced techniques and the use of cycle‐accurate models in automotive control. In this paper, we focus on such approach to the idle speed control. It is natural to resort to hybrid methodologies, because of the rich combination of time and event‐based behaviors exhibited by a controlled engine. A hybrid benchmark problem is considered and addressed first by analyzing the equilibria of the system and then testing a simple hybrid feedback strategy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新型32挡自动变速器建模及加速性能仿真分析

为了提高车辆燃油经济性和发动机功率利用率,创新性设计了一种具有32挡位的双态逻辑自动变速器。基于MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台,搭建了新型双内啮合行星排和高效多锥形摩擦片通用仿真模块,并在此基础上建立双态逻辑自动变速器的动态模型,通过整车动力性仿真分析验证了模型的正确性。针对双态逻辑自动变速器挡位数量多的特点,为了得到最优加速特性,在所建立仿真模型基础上,研究以不同挡位起步以及跳跃不同挡位对车辆加速性能的影响。结果表明:以起步时刻车辆获得最大加速度来确定起步挡位,以当前挡位与目标挡位阶比不大于发动机转速自适应系数来确定跳挡策略。     

一种强噪声干扰下的炮控系统声音识别算

声音作为一种重要的信息媒介,能够为维修人员提供大量的装备信息。但实际维修环境受到车辆启动噪声的干扰,难以准确直观的对声音进行判断。为实现对炮控系统各主要声音部组件启动过程的识别,提出了一种基于改进谱减法降噪和多类型识别策略的声音识别算法。通过对炮控系统各部组件与发动机声音信号的分析,利用改进谱减法对声音样本进行了降噪处理,并通过实验优化了谱减参数,进一步提升了降噪性能,解决了强噪声干扰的问题。利用滑窗校正和短时能量同步检测的方法制定了具体的识别策略,解决了实际应用中识别结果不稳定以及多类型过程识别的问题。通过实验验证,该声音识别算法对炮控系统各部件启动状态识别准确率达92.4%,具有较好的识别性能。     

Torque control strategy with V2X information for HEVs tominimize fuel consumption

Today, much information from traffic infrastructures and sensors of ego vehicle is available. Using such information has a potential for internal combustion engine vehicle to reduce fuel consumption in real world. In this paper, a powertrain controller for a hybrid electric vehicle aiming to reduce fuel consumption is introduced, which uses information from traffic signals, the global positioning system and sensors, and the preceding vehicle. This study was carried out as a benchmark problem of engine and powertrain control simulation and modeling 2021 (E-COSM 2021). The developed controller firstly decides reference acceleration of the ego vehicle using the traffic signal and the position information and the preceding vehicle speed. The acceleration and deceleration leading to increase in unnecessary fuel consumption is avoided. Next, the reference engine, generator, and motor torques are decided to achieve the reference acceleration and minimize fuel consumption. In addition, the reference engine, generator and motor torques were decided by the given fuel consumption map for the engine, and by the virtual fuel consumption maps for the generator and the motor. The virtual fuel consumption is derived from the efficiency maps of the generator and the motor using a given equivalent factor, which converts electricity consumption to fuel for the generator and the motor. In this study, a controller was designed through the benchmark problem of E-COSM 2021 for minimizing total fuel consumption of the engine, the generator, and the motor. The developed controller was evaluated in driving simulations. The result shows that operating the powertrain in efficient area is a key factor in reducing total fuel consumption.     

ISG混合动力城市客车性能仿真研究

该文简述了国内外混合动力汽车系统结构，重点分析了ISG混合动力城市客车的结构及优缺点。基于Matlab／Simulink，建立了柴油机模型、电机模型、离合器模型以及整车模型。以优化车辆动力性和经济性为目标，提出了针对ISG混合动力城市客车的能量分配控制策略。以不同功率的发动机与不同功率ISG电机的配比，寻求最优的混合比，从而得出一个最佳的功率匹配，以获得最优的经济性和动力性能。仿真结果表明，按照该混合比的混合动力系统能显著提高车辆的动力性和经济性，为零部件的选型提供了理论依据。     

二冲程煤油发动机电控单元的设计与试验研究

汽油发动机改烧煤油后,需要对电控单元进行重新研制.针对原型机燃油喷射系统的改进,给出了电控单元的总体设计,基于MC9S12DP512微控制器完成了电控单元的硬件和软件设计.煤油发动机台架试验结果表明了电控单元及控制策略的有效性.     

Terminal sliding mode control of rail pressure for gasoline direct injection engines

The desired fuel rail pressure is a crucial factor for guaranteeing the gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine to work stably. In order to solve the rail pressure control problem, the detailed nonlinear model of GDI is derived and reasonable simplification of this model is carried out for the following controller design. Terminal sliding mode control strategy is proposed to design the rail pressure controller with Lyapunov stability. The designed approach with the fast terminal sliding mode surface makes the system have the capacity of global fast convergence and achieves precise tracking control. To demonstrate the validity of the designed control method, simulations are conducted by tracking the different reference rail pressures. Results show that the designed controller tracks the given reference accurately and has strong robustness.     

Cyclic moving average control approach to cylinder pressure and its experimental validation

Cyclic variability is a factor adversely affecting engine performance. In this paper a cyclic moving average regulation approach to cylinder pressure at top dead center （TDC） is proposed, where the ignition time is adopted as the control input. The dynamics from ignition time to the moving average index is described by ARMA model. With this model, a one-step ahead prediction-based minimum variance controller （MVC） is developed for regulation. The performance of the proposed controller is illustrated by experiments with a commercial car engine and experimental results show that the controller has a reliable effect on index regulation when the engine works under different fuel injection strategies, load changing and throttle opening disturbance.     

缸内直喷汽油机的自抗扰轨压跟踪控制器设计

获得期望的共轨压力是保证缸内直喷发动机(GDI)稳定工作和喷油量精确控制的一个重要前提. 本文针对缸内直喷汽油发动机轨压控制问题, 首先通过动力学分析建立了共轨燃油喷射系统的数学模型; 由于系统中存在有较强的非线性和不确定性, 采用基于模型但对模型的精确形式依赖较小的自抗扰控制技术设计轨压跟踪控制器,其中线性扩张状态观测器(ESO) 对系统存在的总扰动和不确定性进行了估计, 非线性误差反馈控制(NLSEF) 则采用反馈补偿实现扰动的抑制. 最后, 通过给定不同的参考轨压对控制器的有效性进行验证, 仿真结果表明控制性能是满意的.     

Speed planning and energymanagement strategy of hybrid electric vehicles in a car-following scenario

The development of intelligent connected technology has brought opportunities and challenges to the design of energy management strategies for hybrid electric vehicles. First, to achieve car-following in a connected environment while reducing vehicle fuel consumption, a power split hybrid electric vehicle was used as the research object, and a mathematical model including engine, motor, generator, battery and vehicle longitudinal dynamics is established. Second, with the goal of vehicle energy saving, a layered optimization framework for hybrid electric vehicles in a networked environment is proposed. The speed planning problem is established in the upper-level controller, and the optimized speed of the vehicle is obtained and input to the lower-level controller. Furthermore, after the lower-level controller reaches the optimized speed, it distributes the torque among the energy sources of the hybrid electric vehicle based on the equivalent consumption minimum strategy. The simulation results show that the proposed layered control framework can achieve good car-following performance and obtain good fuel economy.     

基于MC9S12的电控燃料喷射系统研究

利用单片机MC9S12,在单缸柴油机基础上设计乙醇/柴油双燃料发动机电控燃料喷射系统.分析了系统组成及功能,设计系统硬件电路,利用单片机输入捕捉输出比较时序控制、燃料喷射脉宽脉谱和双线性插值查表算法实现对乙醇燃料喷射量的精确控制.仿真及试验测试表明,利用该系统可实现不同工况下乙醇燃料变脉宽喷射,有效地进行乙醇/柴油混合...     

Supervisory control of air–fuel ratio in spark ignition engines

The problem of air–fuel ratio stabilization in spark ignition engines is addressed in this paper. The proposed strategy consists of proper switching among two control laws to improve quality of the closed-loop system. The first control law is based on an a priori off-line identified engine model and ensures robust and reliable stabilization of the system at large, while the second control law is adaptive, it provides on-line adaptive adjustment to the current fluctuations and improves accuracy of the closed-loop system. The supervisor realizes a switching rule between these control laws providing better performance of regulation. Results of implementation on two vehicles are reported and discussed.     

基于激光位移测试仪的高速电磁阀动态特性测试系统

高速电磁阀是柴油机电控燃油喷射系统的关键部件,其动态响应特性决定了喷油器的喷油特性.为了更好地研究高速电磁阀的动态响应特性,开发了基于高精度激光位移测试仪的高速电磁阀动态特性测试系统,并介绍了系统的软硬件开发情况.