基于有线长链解决传感器网络的能量空洞

研究了"能量空洞"现象,基于环模型,通过在网络中添加少量有线长链来缓解能量空洞,延长网络的生命周期.在环C2(环C2是半径为r2和r1的圆形重叠区域)内添加一些与sink直接相连的有线长链,将环C2内的部分数据通过有线长链向sink直接传送,从而降低了靠近sink节点的能量消耗.理论分析和仿真实验表明,该方法能够极大地延长网络的生命周期.     

基于蚁群优化解决传感器网络中的能量洞问题

基于多跳的无线传感器网络,越靠近sink的传感器节点因需要转发更多的数据,其能量消耗就越快,从而在sink周围形成了一种称为“能量洞”的现象.“能量洞”问题会导致整个网络由于内部节点能量过早耗尽而结束寿命,同时,网络中离sink较远的节点仍有大量能量剩余.研究“能量洞”现象,基于改进的分级环模型,总结出调节各环内节点的数据传输距离是实现网络节能的有效方法.证明搜索各区域最优的传输距离是一个多目标优化问题,即是NP难问题.从而提出一种基于蚁群优化的分布式算法,各区域根据其节点分布情况自适应地探索近似最优的传输距离,延长网络寿命.模拟实验结果表明,该算法在较短的时间内能够收敛到合理的解,并且得到的网络寿命接近于理想情况下的最优时间,与现有的类似算法相比,该算法提供了更长的网络寿命,并能适用于非均匀节点分布情况.     

基于小世界的传感器网络查询能量空洞问题

靠近Sink的传感器节点因为需要转发来自其它节点的数据而承担了更多的通信负载,这些节点往往更早地耗尽自身能量而有更短的生命周期,这种现象被称为“能量空洞”问题.文中基于小世界思想,通过向Sink节点添加一些长链,减少Sink周围节点转发数据的数量来缓解能量空洞的出现,从而延长网络的生命周期.首先对等距传输的网络进行了能耗分析,然后提出采用小世界的策略缓解能量洞的出现,从理论上分析了长链的位置和数量对能量消耗和网络生命周期的影响,提出了一种实用的小世界网络实现方法.仿真实验验证了理论分析结果.     

无线传感器网络中一种负载均衡的跳跃式路由协议

如何实现能量的高效利用,延长网络的生命周期一直是无线传感器网络研究的热点.在传统的路由协议中,靠近基站的节点由于要转发其它节点的数据容易过早耗尽能量而失效.本文基于传感器节点传输功率可调这一假设,提出了一种负载均衡的跳跃式路由协议(LBR).协议中每个节点维护K跳的路由表.在需要发送数据时,剩余能量较少的节点将数据发送给下一跳节点,而剩余能量较多的节点可以跨越多跳进行数据传输.从而均衡了节点的能量消耗.模拟结果表明,采用该协议建立的路由,不仅具有延时小,数据传送的路径长度短,维护简单等优点,并且能够改善网络的负载均衡,极大地延长网络的生命周期.     

负载相似节点分布解决传感器网络能量洞问题

基于多跳路由的传感器网络,靠近sink的节点由于要转发更多的数据,其能量消耗较快.能量消耗的不平衡导致了sink周围产生能量洞(energy hole),造成能量浪费,远离sink的节点还有大量的能量,但产生的数据不能传送到sink.研究了传感器网络的能量洞问题.在网络的连续空间状态下分析节点的负载分布特性,并研究空闲侦听(idle listening)对能量消耗的影响.基于分析结果,提出负载相似节点分布(load-similar node distribution)策略,即根据负载分布特性配置节点,负载重的区域配置较多的节点,以平衡各区域节点的能量消耗,解决能量洞问题.仿真结果显示,在不考虑空闲侦听能量消耗的情况下,与已有的一种非均匀节点分布和均匀节点分布相比,负载相似节点分布策略对网络寿命有显著改善;当考虑空闲侦听时,由于空闲侦听的能量消耗在总能量消耗中占较大比重,影响了网络寿命,但与其他两种节点分布策略相比,负载相似节点分布对网络寿命仍然有所改善.该分析模型和提出的负载相似节点分布策略可适用于其他多跳传感器网络.     

无线传感器网络解决能量空洞问题综述

基于无线传感器网络的特点,部分节点因为过早耗尽自身能量而导致网络原有覆盖区域缺失或者数据无法送达sink节点,从而形成能量空洞现象。如何避免能量空洞并能有效延长网络周期,是目前无线传感器网络的研究热点。当前解决能量空洞问题主要是以最大限度地均衡网络负载为设计目标。从5个方面,即能量控制与功率控制、数据压缩与融合策略、节点非均匀分布、动态性及增加sink节点数量和分簇算法,总结了解决此问题的方法,同时分析了各种方法的优缺点及进一步研究的方向。     

能量高效的无线传感器网络动态分簇算法研究

为了提高无线传感器网络的能量利用率和延长网络的生命周期,提出了基于地理位置的能量高效的动态成簇算法(GL-DC),在簇的建立阶段,采用非均匀分簇方法,解决了簇首能量消耗不均衡问题。在网络运行过程中,采用基于剩余能量和距离来动态生成新的簇首,避免了靠近SINK节点的簇头因转发大量数据而过早耗尽能量。仿真实验结果表明,该方法具有更好的性能,与EADEEG、LEACH和PEGASIS等路由协议相比,GL-DC路由协议有效地均衡了节点能量消耗,显著地延长了网络生命周期。     

基于优化簇半径的WSNs非均匀分簇路由

为了有效解决无线传感器网络分簇路由协议中,靠近SINK节点的簇头因特发大量数据而过早耗尽能量,提出了一种优化簇半径的非均匀分簇路由协议(UCOR),其核心思想是通过优化簇半径对无线传感器网络进行合理分簇,使靠近SINK节点的簇规模小于远离SINK节点的簇.仿真实验结果表明,与EEUC和LEACH等路由协议相比UCOR路由协议有效地均衡了节点能量消耗,显著地延长了网络生命周期.     

粒子群优化的无线传感器网络仿真研究

研究优化无线传感器问题,针对延长传感器网络的寿命,保证簇的平均分布,提高簇的负载均衡,从而减少能量消耗.传统算法在确定簇首过程中由于忽略了邻居节点的状态信息,容易导致簇内节点过早的出现盲节点现象,从而降低网络的生存时间.要解决上述问题,延长网络生命周期和有效降低能耗,提出一种粒子群优化的无线传感器分簇算法.在充分考虑了簇内邻居节点的能量和距离分布信息的前提下,通过粒子群优化分簇和簇首选择,并进行仿真.仿真结果表明,与LEACH算法相比,算法能有效地均衡网络节点的能量消耗和显著地延长网络寿命,并有效地避免了盲节点现象的过早发生.     

一种基于长链竞争机制的传感器网络能量空洞研究算法

在无线传感器网络中,越靠近Sink的节点由于承担更多子孙节点的数据转发,能量消耗越快,极易形成“能量空洞”,大大缩短了网络生命周期。针对能量空洞的问题,提出一种基于长链竞争机制的k-leader算法以延长网络生命周期。k-leader竞争算法将Sink一跳范围内节点的一部分数据量交给距离Sink一跳距离以外两跳范围以内的节点,通过长链直接发送给Sink节点,从而减轻Sink周围节点的负载。同时,k-leader的置换算法又保证了节点能够根据能量损耗的情况轮换担任leader节点和通过长链发送数据的节点,达到能量消耗均衡的目的。分析了leader节点的数量k的优化取值,并通过仿真验证了k-leader算法在网络生命周期、网络能耗均衡等指标上的性能。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate