混合精度频域卷积神经网络FPGA加速器设计

深度卷积神经网络具有模型大、计算复杂度高的特点，难以部署到硬件资源有限的现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）中。混合精度卷积神经网络可在模型大小和准确率之间做出权衡，从而为降低模型内存占用提供有效方案。快速傅里叶变换作为一种快速算法，可将传统空间域卷积神经网络变换至频域，从而有效降低模型计算复杂度。提出一个基于FPGA的8 bit和16 bit混合精度频域卷积神经网络加速器设计。该加速器支持8 bit和16 bit频域卷积的动态配置，并可将8 bit频域乘法运算打包以复用DSP，用来提升计算性能。首先设计一个基于DSP的频域计算单元，支持8 bit和16 bit频域卷积运算，通过打包一对8 bit频域乘法以复用DSP，从而提升吞吐率。然后提出一个映射数据流，该数据流支持8 bit和16 bit计算两种形式，通过数据重用方式最大化减少冗余数据处理和数据搬运操作。最后使用ImageNet数据集，基于ResNet-18与VGG16模型对所设计的加速器进行评估。实验结果表明，该加速器的能效比（GOP与能耗的比值）在ResNet-18和VGG16模型上分别达到29.74和56.73，较频域FPGA加速器...     

基于RISC-V处理器的卷积加速SoC系统设计

为提高卷积神经网络（CNN）的计算效率和能效,以8 bit定点数据作为输入,设计一个支持激活、批标准化以及池化等CNN网络中常见计算类型的卷积加速器,优化循环计算顺序并将其与数据复用技术相结合,以提高卷积计算的效率。基于软硬件协同设计思想,构建包含RISC-V处理器和卷积加速器的SoC系统,RISC-V处理器基于开源的指令集标准,可以根据具体的设计需求扩展指令功能。将该SoC系统部署在Xilinx ZCU102开发板上,RISC-V处理器和卷积加速器分别工作在100 MHz和300 MHz频率下,测试结果表明,该加速器的算力达到153.6 GOP/s,运行VGG16网络进行图片推理计算时加速效果较好。     

细菌觅食算法优化卷积神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对传统深度学习故障诊断方法在滚动轴承中诊断效果不理想的问题，提出一种细菌觅食优化算法(BFO)优化卷积神经网络(CNN)学习率使诊断效果提升的模型。在模型逐次迭代过程中，将CNN中的学习率参数带入BFO中，生成一个自适应的学习率，用于更新CNN的权重和偏置，使模型故障诊断效果达到最佳。通过实验证明基于细菌觅食算法优化的卷积神经网络训练的模型在分类精度上优于CNN训练的模型，并与CNN多种学习率对比，可将故障诊断准确率提升至97.25%,并提高了全局的收敛能力。     

可重构卷积神经网络加速器设计与实现

针对卷积神经网络(CNN)中卷积核的多样性导致加速器难以实现高效计算的问题,提出了一种可重构卷积神经网络加速器实现方法.加速器包括18个处理引擎(PE),每个PE包含9个乘累加单元,3个PE构建一个5×5卷积核实现卷积核重构,调度器通过控制每层所需的卷积核大小和通道数分配PE实现卷积处理.加速器支持常见的3×3,5×5...     

基于新型卷积神经网络构建矿山灾害事件检测模型

事件检测属于自然语言处理的核心任务及难点之一,使用长短时记忆网络(LSTM)和卷积神经网络(CNN)进行的相关研究越来越广泛,但面对篇章级别的事件文本时,参数量庞大的LSTM与语义缺失明显的CNN导致模型检测准确性和收敛性均欠佳。该文结合迭代空洞卷积神经网络和高速神经网络,提出基于混合特征的高速迭代空洞卷积神经网络,力图优化深层模型训练中常见的梯度消失与爆炸现象,提取性能更优的篇章级文本特征。实验结果表明,该方法与当下主流的LSTM和CNN模型相比,矿山灾害事件检测效果更为理想,收敛性及训练效率也表现更优。     

面向卷积神经网络的高并行度FPGA加速器设计

大多数基于卷积神经网络（CNN）的算法都是计算密集型和存储密集型的,很难应用于具有低功耗要求的航天、移动机器人、智能手机等嵌入式领域。针对这一问题,提出一种面向CNN的高并行度现场可编程逻辑门阵列（FPGA）加速器。首先,比较研究CNN算法中可用于FPGA加速的4类并行度;然后,提出多通道卷积旋转寄存流水（MCRP）结构,简洁有效地利用了CNN算法的卷积核内并行;最后,采用输入输出通道并行+卷积核内并行的方案提出一种基于MCRP结构的高并行度CNN加速器架构,并将其部署到XILINX的XCZU9EG芯片上,在充分利用片上数字信号处理器（DPS）资源的情况下,峰值算力达到2 304 GOPS。以SSD-300算法为测试对象,该CNN加速器的实际算力为1 830.33 GOPS,硬件利用率达79.44%。实验结果表明,MCRP结构可有效提高CNN加速器的算力,基于MCRP结构的CNN加速器可基本满足嵌入式领域大部分应用的算力需求。     

基于CNN的高层住宅建筑群热负荷混合预测模型北大核心CSCD

针对传统热负荷预测面向单栋住宅,预测负荷无法满足小区级换热站及热网优化调控需求的问题,提出一种基于卷积神经网络(CNN)的高层住宅建筑群热负荷混合预测模型。首先,引入建筑体形参数,利用LASSO模型对热负荷影响因素进行筛选;然后,采用缎蓝园丁鸟优化(SBO)算法优化CNN;最后,利用西安市10个住宅小区的相关运行数据对所提模型进行训练和测试。实验结果表明,输入参数引入建筑体形参数后,模型预测精度更高;经SBO算法优化后的CNN模型较传统CNN模型具有更好的拟合优度、预测精度和泛化能力,满足工程实际需求。     

利用自适应假近邻方法优化卷积神经网络的图像目标分类算法

为了能够在处理不同的数据类型或任务时得到良好的结果,设计了基于自适应假近邻方法的卷积神经网络（CNN）架构。将中心矩的思想应用在CNN的池化操作中,利用稀疏滤波算法实现训练过程的无监督化,并设置CNN算法的卷积掩模（卷积核）的大小和每层卷积单位（CNN神经元）的数量;此外,该架构还利用自适应假近邻方法实现了简化建模和预测等任务。实验结果证实,提出的改进CNN架构的复杂度较低,它可以更快地接受训练并且不易产生过度拟合。     

基于卷积神经网络的发动机故障预测方法

近年来,卷积神经网络(CNN)等深度学习方法的发展为发动机故障诊断和预测带来了新的思路。CNN具有局部连接、权值共享、池化操作以及多层结构等特点,能够有效提取局部特征,降低网络的训练难度,使CNN具有很强的学习能力和特征表达能力。开展了深度卷积神经网络故障预测方法研究,实现了面向发动机气路故障预测算法架构。利用基于发动机试验仿真数据对该方法进行了验证,并与其他几种常见的基于数据驱动的预测方法进行了比较,验证结果表明本文提出的基于卷积神经网络的预测方法具有较好的可行性和效果,可作为开展发动机PHM技术研究的参考。     

基于生成对抗网络的基因数据生成方法

在深度学习中,随着卷积神经网络(CNN)的深度不断增加,进行神经网络训练所需的数据会越来越多,但基因结构变异在大规模基因数据中属于小样本事件,导致变异基因的图像数据十分匮乏,严重影响了CNN的训练效果,造成了基因结构变异检测精度差、假阳性率高等问题.为增加基因结构变异样本数量,提高CNN识别基因结构变异的精度,提出了一...     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.