一种新的QoS感知的Ad Hoc网络多径DYMO路由协议

DYMO是Ad Hoc网络中一种动态的按需路由协议,本质上属于单径路由协议,而多径路由能更好地支持QoS。首先分析了DYMO协议的优点及存在的问题,在此基础上将DYMO和服务质量QoS及多径路由结合起来,提出一种新的QoS感知的多径DYMO路由协议QA-DYMO,利用多条链路不相交路径来发送数据,并提出一种QoS感知的路由算法。该协议能够适应网络的动态变化和较好地支持QoS。仿真结果表明,该协议要优于其他相关的协议。     

Ad Hoc网络中分散链路状态多路QoS路由选择

为解决移动Ad Hoc网络中QoS路径公共链路造成的带宽预留冲突，提出了一种分散链路状态多路QoS路由选择，它动态地收集源地址到目的地的分散链路状态信息，找出节点不相交的路径，根据LBHBF策略选择合适路径使延迟和总带宽满足QoS要求，并预留相应路径带宽。模拟结果显示，该方法提高了调用成功率，减少了网络费用。     

大规模移动自主网络中基于簇的QoS多路径路由

在移动自主网络中,提供服务质量支持是一个核心研究问题.大量研究表明,在移动自主网络中提供服务质量保障具有很大的挑战性.提出一个基于簇的QoS多路径路由协议(CQMRP),通过一种可扩展、灵活的方式为移动自主网络提供服务质量保证.在这个策略中,每个节点只维持局部路由信息而不是整个网络的全局状态信息.它支持多个服务质量约束.采用OPNET模拟器对协议性能进行了评估,结果表明,这个协议能够为移动自主网络提供一个可靠的多路径服务质量保证.     

A scalable multimedia QoS architecture for ad hoc networks

Communication demands have grown from separate data and voice to integrated multimedia, paving the way to converging fixed, mobile and IP networks. Supporting Multimedia is a challenging task for wireless ad hoc network designers. Multimedia forms high data rate traffic with stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Wireless ad hoc networks are characterized by frequent topology changes, unreliable wireless channel, network congestion and resource contention. Providing scalable QoS is the most important challenge for multimedia delivery over ad hoc networks. We introduce here a provisioning and routing architecture for ad hoc networks which scales well while provisioning QoS. The proposed architecture is analysed using a mix of HTTP, voice and video streaming applications over 54 Mbps 802.11 g-based ad hoc networks. The architecture is simulated and compared to well-known routing protocols using the OPNET Modeller. The results show that our architecture scales well with increase in the network size, and outperforms well-known routing protocols.     

Routing in ad-hoc networks with MIMO links: Optimization considerations and protocols

Smart antennas include a broad variety of antenna technologies ranging from the simple switched beams to the sophisticated digital adaptive arrays. While beam-forming antennas are good candidates for operation in strong line of sight (LOS) environments, it is the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology that is best suited for multipath environments. In fact, the MIMO links exploit the multipath induced rich scattering to provide high spectral efficiencies. The focus of this work is to identify the various characteristics and tradeoffs of MIMO links that can be leveraged by routing layer protocols in rich multipath environments to improve their performance. To this end, we study the relative benefits of the different strategies of operation in MIMO links both analytically and through simulations. Using the insights gained from the study, we propose a routing protocol called MIR for ad-hoc networks with MIMO links, that optimally leverages the various characteristics of MIMO links in its mechanisms to improve the network performance. We show the effectiveness of the components of the proposed protocol by evaluating its performance through ns2 simulations for a variety of network conditions. Results indicate that MIR is able to provide significant performance gains of about 100% over baseline approaches.     

移动自组网多径资源预留路由算法

文章分析了建立QoS路由存在较大难度,介绍了相关工作,提出了一个多径资源预留路由算法(MPRSVRA),阐述了MPRSVRA算法及它的3个关键技术,并给出相关证明。算法仿真结果表明,该算法能够提高网络的可升级性和路由容错性。     

MIMO链路ad hoc网络传输调度算法

针对MIMO链路ad hoc网络中已有传输调度算法未充分利用MIMO空间复用能力的问题,提出了一种新的传输调度算法.该算法通过考虑MIMO的多流接收能力而有效地减小了调度帧长,通过合理安排节点分配顺序使得节点分配的数据流比较平均,同时,该算法通过允许节点发送多个数据流而高效利用了MIMO的空间复用能力.推导分析了传输调度算法的通过量和时延性能,结果表明,与已有算法相比,采用文中算法可以提高网络的通过量,减小网络的平均时延和最大时延.     

Transmission scheduling algorithm for MIMO link ad hoc networks

Most reported works on transmission scheduling algorithm for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) link ad hoc networks do not fully exploit the spatial multiplexing potential inherent to multiple an-tennas system.In this paper,a novel transmission scheduling algorithm is proposed to further enhance the performance of MIMO link ad hoc networks.By utilizing the MIMO multi-stream reception capabilities and ordering the nodes’ allocation sequence,the proposed algorithm can dramatically shorten the scheduling frame length and more evenly distribute the data streams allocated to the network nodes.Meanwhile,allowing the nodes to transmit multiple streams in a slot,the algorithm can fully exploit the MIMO spatial multiplexing potential.Additionally,we give the theoretical analysis to quantify the throughput and delay performance with respect to this scheme.Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can efficiently enhance the network throughput and reduce the average and maximum delay.     

Transmission of layered video streaming via multi-path on ad hoc networks

Mobile ad hoc networks without centralized infrastructure change their topology rapidly because of node mobility, making multimedia applications difficult to run across wireless networks. Moreover, video transmission over ad hoc networks causes frequent transmission loss of video packets owing to end-to-end transmission with a number of wireless links, and requires essential bandwidth and restricted delay to provide quality-guaranteed display. This paper presents an architecture supporting transmission of multiple video streams in ad hoc networks by establishing multiple routing paths to provide extra video coding and transport schemes. This study also proposes an on-demand multicast routing protocol to transport layered video streams. The multicast routing protocol transmits layered video streaming based on a weight criterion, which is derived according to the number of receivers, delay and expiration time of a route. A simulation is performed herein to indicate the viability and performance of the proposed approach. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed transport scheme is more effective than other video transport schemes with single or multiple paths.

Performance evaluation of a mesh-evolving quality-of-service-aware multicast routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

The tremendous amount of multimedia applications running across the wireless communication medium makes quality of service (QoS) a fundamental requirement for mobile ad hoc networks. However, it is not easy to incorporate QoS into these networks. Moreover, the growing number of group-oriented applications also necessitates the efficient utilisation of network resources. The multicast model is a promising technique which can achieve this efficiency by facilitating the inherent broadcast capability of the wireless medium. The mesh-evolving ad hoc QoS multicast (MAQM) routing protocol is developed to address the resource efficiency and QoS problems with one, integrated solution. MAQM achieves multicast efficiency by tracking the availability of resources for each node within its neighbourhood. The QoS status is monitored continuously and announced periodically to the extent of QoS provision. Using these features, MAQM nodes can make their decisions on joining a new multicast session based on the sustainability of their perceived QoS. MAQM also evolves the initial multicast tree into a mesh during the course of an ongoing session to achieve a more robust network topology. Thus, MAQM integrates the concept of QoS-awareness into multicast routing in mobile ad hoc networks. Since ad hoc networks require the protocol control overhead to be as small as possible, we analyse the multicast session establishment process of MAQM to see its impact on the protocol performance in terms of system control overhead. We also evaluate the performance of MAQM through computer simulations using various qualitative and quantitative criteria. The simulation results validate our mathematical analysis of the control overhead and show that MAQM significantly improves multicast efficiency through its QoS-aware admission and routing decisions with an acceptably small overhead. Thus, MAQM shows that QoS is not only essential for, but also applicable to mobile ad hoc networks.     

Multi-path routing in Spatial Wireless Ad Hoc networks

In recent years, Spatial Wireless Ad Hoc (SWAH) networks constructed in the near spatial region by connecting various pieces of spatial and ground communication equipment have become the focus for developing future information networks. Due to their special characteristics, the traditional routing protocols in fixed networks and ad hoc networks cannot be used directly in SWAH networks. Therefore, the design of a special routing protocol for SWAH networks has become a challenge. In this paper, we propose a new Hybrid On-demand Distance Vector Multi-path (HODVM) routing protocol that divides the SWAH networks into backbone and non-backbone networks to perform static routing and dynamic routing, respectively. To provide load balancing, HODVM can adaptively establish and maintain multiple node-disjoint routes by multi-path routing. Simulation results show that, compared to traditional routing protocol, HODVM not only has better performance in terms of scalability and survivability but can also balance the network load well.     

异构无线网络中的Ad Hoc路由及QoS分析

首先分析了纯Ad Hoc网络环境下具有QoS保证的几种典型路由协议,然后阐述了异构无线网络的体系架构以及异构网络环境下的Ad Hoc路由,包括基于节点位置信息的路由分级路由、提高网络容量的多跳中继路由、实现网络负载均衡的路由,以及跨层路由协议。最后,总结了在异构网络环境下提出的基于Ad Hoc网络多跳中继路由的负载均衡策略的研究工作,分析了仿真结果。     

无线传感器网络多径路由协议综述

由于无线传感器网络不同于传统的自组织网络,已有自组织网络路由协议不能有效应用于传感器网络中.文献中已提出不少无线传感器网络路由协议,但这些协议大多针对单路径情况.当链路失效时,单径路由协议需要重新发现新的路由,从而会对传输延时、能耗和可靠性带来较大影响.采用多径路由协议可弥补单径路由协议的不足,有利于提高数据传输的可靠性和实现负载平衡.通过对目前文献中几种典型的多径路由协议的分析和比较,指出进一步研究中值得关注的问题.     

Ad Hoc网络中改进的路由协议S-DSR的设计与分析

路由协议是移动AdHoc网络中的一个重要部分,很多研究表明,AdHoc网络的特性使得传统的路由协议不再有效。在简述动态源路由协议DSR,及其存在的问题后,着重介绍了具有安全路由发现、多路由的使用和提高路由缓存管理的S-DSB协议的设计,并对S-DSB与DSB就包传递率、包截获率等进行了性能仿真与分析比较。     

基于路径服务质量度量的AOMDV改进路由协议

移动自组网中,传输路径的服务质量是影响路由性能的蘑要因素.为了提高多路径路由性能,在分析AOMDV协议的基础上,提出了一个新的参数"路径服务质量度量",用来体现当前路径传输状态.基于这个参数,同时引入路径收集的思想,提出了一种摹于路径服务质量度量的AOMDV改进路由协议PQSM-AOMDV.协议综合选择节点平均连接度大,跳数少和节点平均负荷小的路径进行数据转发,以期提高路由性能.仿真结果表明:与AOMDV协议相比,该协议提高了分组投递率,减小了分组端到端时延,降低了路由发现频率.     

A new adaptive MAC protocol with QoS support based on IEEE 802.11 in ad hoc networks

With the expanding of applications, the demand of quality of service (QoS) has become strongly increased in ad hoc networks. Since the efficient and reasonable MAC protocol is a key factor for providing QoS in ad hoc networks, in this paper we propose an adaptive QoS MAC protocol (AMP) based on IEEE 802.11. In AMP, we introduce the concept of transmission license, where only the node which holds transmission license can participate in the channel contention for changing the number of licenses according to the load of the network adaptively, controlling the number of the nodes that participate in the channel contention, and ensuring the nodes with licenses share the channels through contention. In addition, AMP assigns different priority classes for different traffic according to the special characteristics and performance types of the different networks, and it sets the different contention parameters for the different priorities services for guaranteeing these services performances to have advantages in the channel contention. Simulation shows that compared to IEEE 802.11 protocol, AMP not only can meet the QoS requirement with high priority in the networks but also can well solve the hidden terminal problems and the fairness issues between different network nodes; that is, it can satisfy the high efficiency, pertinence, spatial-reuse, etc. to the largest extent at the same time in limited channels.     

AODV协议的选播QoS扩展研究与仿真

针对移动自组网(Ad hoc)的特点和AODV协议的可扩展性,提出了一种适合Ad hoc的选播QoS路由协议AQAODV,该协议在考虑选播路由特点的基础上,扩展AODV以支持QoS需求,并采用局部路由恢复技术,在动态变化的Ad hoc网中实现了一种高效的选播QoS路由.仿真结果表明,AQAODV协议在带宽、时延和平均路由开销等方面较AODV协议具有明显的性能优势.     

Ad-Hoc 网络中一种改进多径路由协议

Ad-hoc网络路由主要研究从源和目的点之间找到一条连接的路由,经常忽略网络的QoS需求,如果数据流量超过了该网络所能承受的最大限度,Ad-hoc网络将不能保证数据流的传输质量。因此提出了一种改进的QoS-AOMDV路由协议,在AOMDV路由基础上增加了带宽、时延、跳数和优先级等约束条件,使得在路由发现和路由维护阶段满足一定的QoS需求。仿真结果显示,在多径路由协议可以保证通信服务质量。     

无线Ad Hoc网络支持QoS的研究进展与展望

无线ad hoc网络的应用环境以及与Internet的互连要求它必须提供一定的服务质量(QoS)保证,然而,无线信道固有的特点及节点移动造成网络拓扑的频繁变化,使得在无线ad hoc网络中支持QoS面临许多新的挑战.从无线ad hoc网络的QoS体系结构、QoS路由、QoS信令、支持业务区分和资源预留的介质访问控制协议这4个方面出发,对近年来国内外在该方向取得的研究成果作了全面的概括总结和比较分析,系统阐述了在无线ad hoc网络中支持QoS的问题,指出了亟待解决的问题和今后的研究方向.     

A reliable QoS aware routing protocol with slot assignment for mobile ad hoc networks

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile hosts that form a temporary network on the fly without using any fixed infrastructure. Recently, the explosive growth in the use of real-time applications on mobile devices has resulted in new challenges to the design of protocols for MANETs. Chief among these challenges to enable real-time applications for MANETs is incorporating support for quality of service (QoS), such as bandwidth constraints. However, MANETs having a high ratio of topology change make routing especially unstable; making stability is an important challenge, especially for routing having a quality of service provision. In this paper, we propose a reliable multi-path QoS routing (RMQR) protocol with a slot assignment scheme. In this scheme, we examine the QoS routing problem associated with searching for a reliable multi-path (or uni-path) QoS route from a source node to a destination node in a MANET. This route must also satisfy certain bandwidth requirements. We determine the route expiration time between two connected mobile nodes using global positioning system (GPS). Then, two parameters, the route expiration time and the number of hops, are used to select a routing path with low latency and high stability. Simulation results show that the proposed RMQR protocol have some outstanding properties when compared with Lin's [Lin C-R. On-demand QoS routing in multihop mobile networks. In: Proceedings of the twentieth annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies (INFOCOM), vol. 3(22–26), 2001, p. 1735–44], Liao's [Liao W-H, Tseng Y-C, Wang S-L, Sheu J-P. A multi-path QoS routing protocol in a wireless mobile Ad Hoc network. Telecommunication Systems 2002;19(3–4):329–47], and Chen's [Chen Y-S, Tseng Y-C, Sheu J-P, Kuo P-H. An on-demand, link-state, multi-path QoS routing in a wireless mobile Ad-Hoc network. Computer Communications 204;27(1):27–40] protocols.