基于混沌优化策略的SFLA算法

针对基本混合蛙跳算法的缺陷, 提出了一种基于混沌优化策略的改进混合蛙跳算法(SFLA)。在青蛙更新策略中引入自适应扰动机制, 平衡了算法搜索深度, 并利用高斯变异算子代替随机更新操作, 提高了算法搜索速度; 在全局迭代中借鉴混沌优化策略思想, 以概率形式对最优个体进行优化, 避免了族群陷入局部最优, 并证明了改进算法以概率1收敛于全局最优解。最后用MATLAB对测试函数进行了仿真, 仿真结果表明改进的混合蛙跳算法在收敛速度、优化精度上有较大改善。     

自适应迁移预测的动态多目标差分演化算法

针对动态多目标优化环境下寻找并跟踪变化的Pareto最优前沿和Pareto最优解集的难题,提出两个策略：自适应迁移策略和预测策略。自适应迁移策略是根据环境的变化自适应地插入迁移个体来提高算法种群的多样性,从而提高算法对动态环境的适应能力。预测策略是通过时间序列并加上一定的扰动来产生预测种群,来预测环境变化之后的Pareto最优解集,以达到对其快速跟踪的目的。通过两个策略在多目标差分演化算法上的应用来解决动态多目标优化问题。实验过程中,通过平均最优解集分布均匀度和平均决策空间世代距离等指标表明,基于自适应迁移策略和预测策略的多目标差分演化算法能够很好适应变化的环境,并能够快速找到Pareto最优解集。     

基于混沌和动态变异的蛙跳算法

针对混合蛙跳算法SFLA(shuffled frog leaping algorithm)易陷入局部最优、收敛速度慢的问题,提出一种改进的混合蛙跳算法。该算法首先用混沌的Tent序列初始化青蛙群体以增强群体的多样性,提高初始解的质量;再根据每只青蛙的群体适应度方差值选取不同的变异概率,有效增强了SFLA跳出局部最优解的能力。通过对6个经典函数的仿真测试,结果表明,新算法比SFLA和ISFLA1的寻优能力更强,迭代次数更少,解的精度更高。     

基于Pareto解集分段预测策略的动态多目标进化算法

针对现有的动态多目标优化算法种群收敛速度慢、多样性难以保持等问题,提出了一种基于Pareto解集分段预测策略的动态多目标进化算法BPDMOP。当检测到环境变化时,对前一时刻进化得到的Pareto最优解根据任一子目标函数进行排序,并按照该子目标的大小均分为3段,分别计算出每一段Pareto解集中心点的移动方向;对每一段Pareto子集进行系统抽样得到Pareto前沿面的特征点,利用线性模型分段预测下一代种群;根据优化问题的难易程度,自适应地在预测的种群周围产生随机个体来增加种群的多样性。通过对3类标准测试函数的实验表明了该算法能够有效求解动态多目标优化问题。     

一种改进的多目标蜻蜓优化算法

提出了一种改进的多目标蜻蜓优化算法。通过引入混合变异算子增加种群的多样性,避免算法早熟现象的发生;采用基于拥挤距离的外部档案动态维护策略,使获得的Pareto最优解集具有更好的分布性。最后,使用多目标基准函数进行测试,并与基本多目标蜻蜓算法和基本多目标粒子群算法进行性能比较。实验结果表明,改进后的多目标蜻蜓优化算法提高了Pareto最优解集的收敛性和分布性。     

基于混沌和动态变异蛙跳的模糊聚类算法

针对模糊C-均值FCM(Fuzzy C-Means)聚类算法易陷入局部最优解,对初始值敏感的缺点。提出基于混沌和动态变异蛙跳SFLA(shuffled frog leaping algorithm)的FCM算法。该算法先用混沌的Tent序列初始化青蛙群体以增强群体的多样性,提高初始解的质量;并根据青蛙的适应度方差值选择相应的变异概率。再将改进后的蛙跳算法优化FCM算法,最后求取全局最优。人工数据及经典数据集的仿真结果表明,该算法(CMSFLA-FCM)与SMSFLA-FCM、SFLA-FCM和FCM聚类算法相比,寻优能力更强,聚类效果更优。     

基于差分进化粒子群算法的多目标无功优化

针对电力系统有功网损最小、电压水平最好和电压稳定裕度最大的多目标无功优化问题,提出一种基于差分进化的改进多目标粒子群优化算法。该算法通过对Pareto最优解集的差分进化来增加Pareto最优解的多样性,通过拥挤距离来控制精英集中非支配解的分布,以提高对种群空间的均匀采集;采用擂台赛法则构造多目标Pareto最优解集,较大程度的提高了算法的运行效率;自适应惯性权重和加速度因子的动态变化可增强算法的全局搜索能力。将该算法在IEEE14、IEEE30节点标准测试系统上进行了无功优化仿真,结果表明,基于差分进化的改进多目标粒子群优化算法能够在保持Pareto最优解的多样性的同时具有较好的收敛性能,为多目标无功优化提供了一种新的方法。     

一种自适应交替的差分混合蛙跳优化算法

针对混合蛙跳算法在解决高维优化问题时易早熟收敛、求解精度低等问题,提出一种自适应交替的差分混合蛙跳优化算法。采用粒子群算法在短时间内产生一组满足约束条件的初始解,以提高初始解的质量。在此基础上,利用差分进化算法全局搜索能力强、种群多样性好等优点,设计一种自适应选择机制,动态地交替使用混合蛙跳算法和差分进化算法,使两者有机融合、优势互补。对6个经典函数的仿真测试结果表明,该算法可以丰富粒子的多样性,使算法前期和后期都具有较好的寻优能力,且寻优速率、求解精度、稳定性都优于混合蛙跳算法、差分进化算法和差分混合蛙跳算法。     

混合分散搜索的进化多目标优化算法

在进化多目标优化算法中,种群的多样性、对目标空间的搜索能力及算法的鲁棒性直接影响算法的收敛能力和解集的分散性。针对这些问题,提出了一种混合分散搜索的进化多目标优化算法(SSMOEA)。SSMOEA在混合分散搜索算法架构的同时,重新设计其多样性的选取策略,并引入协同进化机制。此外,为了提高算法的自适应性和鲁棒性,采用了一种新颖的自适应多交叉算子选择方法。SSMOEA与经典的多目标进化算法SPEA2、NSGA-Ⅱ和MOEA/D在12个基准测试函数上的对比结果表明,SSMOEA不仅在求得的Pareto最优解集的宽广性、均匀性和逼近性上有明显优势,而且算法的鲁棒性也有明显的提高。     

基于局部搜索与混合多样性策略的多目标粒子群算法

为了提高算法的收敛性与非支配解集的多样性,提出一种基于局部搜索与混合多样性策略的多目标粒子群算法（LH-MOPSO）.该算法使用增广Lagrange乘子法对非支配解进行局部搜索以快速接近Pareto最优解;利用基于改进的Maximin适应值函数与拥挤距离的混合多样性策略对非支配解集进行维护以保留解的多样性,同时引入高斯变异算子以避免算法早熟收敛;最后针对多目标约束优化问题,给出一种有效的约束处理方法.实验研究表明该算法具有良好的优化性能.     

Web前端性能优化方案与实践

针对Web前端性能低下的问题,通过分析归纳Web中从后端到前端的B/S架构原理、浏览器缓存、浏览器的加载方式、服务器关于HTTP相关的配置等过程中一些影响前端性能优化的因素,系统地提出一个旨在提高网页加载速度、呈现速度和用户体验,整体性、通用性强的完整Web前端性能优化解决方案。该解决方案包括服务器端优化、HTML优化、Java Script优化、CSS优化、图片优化等内容。并在HTTP代理工具Fiddler搭建的512 KB慢网速下通过Speed Tracer监测UI Thread,寻找基于HTML5技术的Web移动电子商务项目"指尖点餐系统"的点餐页面前端性能中的瓶颈,根据所提出的Web前端性能优化解决方案对其进行优化实践。优化前后的Timeline以及UI Thread对比分析表明,优化后加载时间降低了82%,页面渲染降低了32%,脚本执行减少了79%。     

Seeker optimisation (human group optimisation) algorithm with chaos

Seeker optimisation algorithm (SOA), also referred to as human group metaheuristic optimisation algorithms form a very hot area of research, is an emerging population-based and gradient-free optimisation tool. It is inspired by searching behaviour of human beings in finding an optimal solution. The principal shortcoming of SOA is that it is easily trapped in local optima and consequently fails to achieve near-global solutions in complex optimisation problems. In an attempt to relieve this problem, in this article, chaos-based strategies are embedded into SOA. Five various chaotic-based SOA strategies with four different chaotic map functions are examined and the best strategy is chosen as the suitable chaotic scheme for SOA. The results of applying the proposed chaotic SOA to miscellaneous benchmark functions confirm that it provides accurate solutions. It surpasses basic SOA, genetic algorithm, gravitational search algorithm variant, cuckoo search optimisation algorithm, firefly swarm optimisation and harmony search the proposed chaos-based SOA is expected successfully solve complex engineering optimisation problems.     

The multi-disciplinary design of a large-scale civil aircraft wing taking account of manufacturing costs

This paper presents results from a major research programme funded by the European Union and involving 14 partners from across the Union. It shows how a complex tool set was assembled which was able to optimise a large civil airliner wing for weight, drag and cost. A multi-level MDO process was constructed and implemented through a hierarchical system in which cost comprised the top level. Conventional structural sizing parameters were employed to optimise structural weight but the upper-level optimisation used 6 overall design variables representing major design parameters. The paper concludes by presenting results from a case study which included all the components of the total design system.     

Dynamic Ant Colony Optimisation

Ant Colony optimisation has proved suitable to solve static optimisation problems, that is problems that do not change with time. However in the real world changing circumstances may mean that a previously optimum solution becomes suboptimal. This paper explores the ability of the ant colony optimisation algorithm to adapt from the optimum solution for one set of circumstances to the optimal solution for another set of circumstances. Results are given for a preliminary investigation based on the classical travelling salesman problem. It is concluded that, for this problem at least, the time taken for the solution adaption process is far shorter than the time taken to find the second optimum solution if the whole process is started over from scratch.     

Enhanced leader PSO (ELPSO): A new PSO variant for solving global optimisation problems

Particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is a well-established optimisation algorithm inspired from flocking behaviour of birds. The big problem in PSO is that it suffers from premature convergence, that is, in complex optimisation problems, it may easily get trapped in local optima. In this paper, a new PSO variant, named as enhanced leader PSO (ELPSO), is proposed for mitigating premature convergence problem. ELPSO is mainly based on a five-staged successive mutation strategy which is applied to swarm leader at each iteration. The experimental results confirm that in all terms of accuracy, scalability and convergence rate, ELPSO performs well.     

A new effective operator for the hybrid algorithm for solving global optimisation problems

Hybrid algorithms have been recently used to solve complex single-objective optimisation problems. The ultimate goal is to find an optimised global solution by using these algorithms. Based on the existing algorithms (HP_CRO, PSO, RCCRO), this study proposes a new hybrid algorithm called MPC (Mean-PSO-CRO), which utilises a new Mean-Search Operator. By employing this new operator, the proposed algorithm improves the search ability on areas of the solution space that the other operators of previous algorithms do not explore. Specifically, the Mean-Search Operator helps find the better solutions in comparison with other algorithms. Moreover, the authors have proposed two parameters for balancing local and global search and between various types of local search, as well. In addition, three versions of this operator, which use different constraints, are introduced. The experimental results on 23 benchmark functions, which are used in previous works, show that our framework can find better optimal or close-to-optimal solutions with faster convergence speed for most of the benchmark functions, especially the high-dimensional functions. Thus, the proposed algorithm is more effective in solving single-objective optimisation problems than the other existing algorithms.     

A genetic algorithm for combined topology and shape optimisations

A method to find optimal topology and shape of structures is presented. With the first the optimal distribution of an assigned mass is found using an approach based on homogenisation theory, that seeks in which elements of a meshed domain it is present mass; with the second the discontinuous boundaries are smoothed. The problem of the optimal topology search has an ON/OFF nature and has suggested the employment of genetic algorithms. Thus in this paper a genetic algorithm has been developed, which uses as design variables, in the topology optimisation, the relative densities (with respect to effective material density) 0 or 1 of each element of the structure and, in the shape one, the coordinates of the keypoints of changeable boundaries constituted by curves. In both the steps the aim is that to find the variable sets producing the maximum stiffness of the structure, respecting an upper limit on the employed mass. The structural evaluations are carried out with a FEM commercial code, linked to the algorithm. Some applications have been performed and results compared with solutions reported in literature.     

一种解决复合形局部最优及加速计算的方法

对求解非线性约束优化问题的复合形法陷入局部最优的问题进行探讨,给出了一种改进的方法.改进后的方法不仅可以有效地寻找全局最优解,而且计算速度较传统复合形算法快.     

Finding the maximal membership in a fuzzy set of an element from another fuzzy set

The problem of finding the maximal membership grade in a fuzzy set of an element from another fuzzy set is an important class of optimisation problems manifested in the real world by situations in which we try to find what is the optimal financial satisfaction we can get from a socially responsible investment. Here, we provide a solution to this problem. We then look at the proposed solution for fuzzy sets with various types of membership grades, ordinal, interval value and intuitionistic.     

Hindrances for robust multi-objective test problems

Despite the significant number of benchmark problems for evolutionary multi-objective optimisation algorithms, there are few in the field of robust multi-objective optimisation. This paper investigates the characteristics of the existing robust multi-objective test problems and identifies the current gaps in the literature. It is observed that the majority of the current test problems suffer from simplicity, so five hindrances are introduced to resolve this issue: bias towards non-robust regions, deceptive global non-robust fronts, multiple non-robust fronts (multi-modal search space), non-improving (flat) search spaces, and different shapes for both robust and non-robust Pareto optimal fronts. A set of 12 test functions are proposed by the combination of hindrances as challenging test beds for robust multi-objective algorithms. The paper also considers the comparison of five robust multi-objective algorithms on the proposed test problems. The results show that the proposed test functions are able to provide very challenging test beds for effectively comparing robust multi-objective optimisation algorithms. Note that the source codes of the proposed test functions are publicly available at www.alimirjalili.com/RO.html.