一种公平的认知无线电系统下行频谱分配策略

目前关于认知无线电频谱分配的研究大多以最大化系统容量为目标,很少考虑认知用户的QoS需求,频谱分配方案设计缺乏公平性。针对主用户干扰限制和保障认知用户QoS需求,结合OFDM技术,研究了认知无线电场景中下行多用户分配算法。该算法构建不等式约束下的目标函数以最大化系统容量,通过拉格朗日(Lagrange)对偶优化法给出近似最优解。仿真结果表明,所提算法在牺牲系统和容量的前提下充分保证了次用户的QoS需求,提高了系统的公平性。     

认知无线电中联合功率控制的动态频谱分配算法*

针对认知无线电网络动态频谱分配算法开展研究,基于最大独立集理论,提出一种改进的联合功率控制的动态频谱分配算法,通过联合功率控制机制,避免用户之间的相互干扰和对已分配信道链路的干扰,满足多用户应用需求,并减少节点能耗。该算法以最大独立集为分配起点,允许一次同时分配信道给多个互不干扰的链路,同时兼顾资源分配的公平性,能够有效减少分配的总次数和用户间的信息交互量。仿真结果显示改进的动态频谱分配算法在需求满足率和公平性上都优于原有算法。     

基于粒子群算法的认知无线电频谱分配算法

针对认知无线电空闲频谱分配过程中整体性能优化问题,建立了频谱资源受限情况下实现系统总带宽收益最大化、认知用户接入公平性最优的多目标模型,并结合问题特点设计了基于粒子群优化算法的智能求解算法,给出了具体的实施步骤。从系统总带宽收益、用户接入公平性和系统整体性能3个方面,仿真比较分析了所提算法同协作最大化带宽总收益和协作最大化比例公平性准则下的敏感图着色算法的性能,结果表明该方法实现了系统总带宽收益和用户公平性的折中,整体性能优于敏感图着色算法。     

认知智能电网中基于能效优化的频谱分配策略

针对智能电网的无线通信环境存在频谱短缺、资源利用效率低等问题,将认知无线电技术应用于智能电网的邻域网络通信中.引入认知智能电网概念以保证业务传输的公平性和有效性,提出一种基于改进二进制蝴蝶优化算法(BOA)的频谱分配策略,此方案考虑了通信过程中的信噪比和路径损耗,选择系统能量效率作为信道效益,并且在拓扑结构固定的城市居民小区进行建模仿真.首先,使用基于改进时变转换函数和扰动策略的二进制蝴蝶优化算法(IBBOA)为认知智能电网用户进行频谱分配;然后,采用基于接收信噪比的闭环功率控制算法动态调整用户的传输功率,减少认知智能电网用户和主要用户之间存在的干扰;最后,以系统能量效率和两个用户公平性指数为优化目标,与遗传算法(GA)和二进制粒子群算法(BPSO)进行对比实验.仿真实验表明,联合闭环功率控制的IBBOA算法所获得的系统能量效率比未联合闭环功率控制的NBOA算法高33.2%,IBBOA算法最终的系统能量效率和用户公平性指数fair比GA算法分别高出47.8%和62.6%,比BBOA算法分别高出17.6%和26.7%.结果表明所提方案能够有效抑制认知智能电网中用户间的干扰,大大提高频谱利用率和系统能量效率.     

认知无线电中结合差异性的免疫克隆优化频谱分配算法

频谱分配是认知无线电中的重要问题,而传统的频谱分配算法并未考虑频谱的差异性。提出一种基于免疫克隆优化算法、考虑频谱差异性的频谱分配算法,算法引入可信度矩阵对频谱的时间差异性进行建模。进行约束处理时,通过差异性算子(DCSO)的使用能将可信度更高的频谱分配给认知用户,从而提高系统的总收益。对于冲突激烈的认知用户,使用公平性算子（FCSO）能够增加它们被分配频谱资源的可能性,从而提高系统的公平性效益。仿真实验表明,相较于传统的免疫克隆优化算法、颜色敏感算法和遗传算法,本算法能显著增加网络的总收益、可信度,提高网络的公平性。     

基于多种群进化与粒子群优化混合的频谱分配算法

为了解决认知无线网络中的频谱分配问题,提出一种基于多种群进化与粒子群优化混合的频谱分配算法。它采用图论着色模型,首先使用遗传算法将多个种群进行独立进化,以提高种群的全局搜索能力;然后选出每个种群中的最优的个体作为粒子群优化的粒子,并通过控制每个粒子的初始速度方向来加快算法的收敛速度。最后以系统总收益最大化和用户间的公平性为优化目标与遗传算法和粒子群算法进行了对比实验,仿真结果表明,该算法在收敛速度、认知用户接入公平性和系统总收益3个方面的性能均优于遗传算法和粒子群算法。     

基于粒子群优化算法的无线电 频谱分配方法研究

粒子群(PSO)算法在认知无线电频谱分配问题上发挥着重要的作用,但是在连续无约束条件下基本的PSO 算 法才能得以运用,并且在此条件下,早熟收敛和收敛速度不够快等问题仍然无法得到效解决。为了优化这些问题,本文将对粒 子群算法的早熟收敛问题进行分析并加以改进,成功地将统一的粒子群算法应用于解决频谱分配问题。在综合考虑系统的总 宽带收益及用户接入公平性的基础上,建立了相应的目标函数,并验证了该算法的可行性和优越性。     

基于适应值预测的DABC认知无线电频谱分配算法

针对认知无线网络频谱分配过程存在的问题,提出了基于适应值预测策略的双人工蜂群算法（FP-DABC）。该算法设计的干扰门限阈值,提高了用户的接入数量;适应值预测方法的使用,加快了分配效率;同时算法对频谱分配过程公平性和系统整体性能进行了优化。实验仿真结果表明：FP-DABC算法牺牲了部分网络效益的同时,在用户满意度、分配率、平均分配时间、用户公平性和系统整体性能上均优于颜色敏感图着色算法（CSGC）和人工蜂群算法（ABC）。     

改进蜉蝣算法求解认知车载网络频谱分配问题

针对传统认知车载网络频谱分配效率低、速度慢的问题,提出基于改进蜉蝣优化算法的频谱分配算法。以反向学习、动态惯性权重、多阶段动态扰动及正余弦优化交配机制提升标准蜉蝣优化算法的寻优性能;将频谱分配变量映射为蜉蝣个体位置信息,将网络吞吐量和接入公平性作为评估蜉蝣位置的适应度函数,利用改进蜉蝣算法搜索最优频谱分配方案。实验结果表明,改进算法的搜索精度和收敛速度都有所提升,能够更快得到频谱分配方案,车载用户收益和分配公平性方面也更有保障。     

基于用户间公平性的改进型频谱分配算法

针对目前频谱资源紧缺的现状,通过对图论着色模型的分析理解,提出了一种基于用户公平性的改进颜色敏感度的图论着色算法,该算法从用户的网络效益和使用频谱数出发,引入公平因子,改变频谱分配过程中给用户的分配优先级,保证频谱分配的公平性.通过仿真表明其可行性.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate