一种改进的二维Otsu阈值分割算法

Otsu算法,也被称之为最大类间方差算法,是实现阈值分割的经典算法之一。二维Otsu算法是一维Otsu算法的推广,它充分考虑了图像的灰度信息和空间邻域信息,可以有效滤除噪声影响,但是同样存在着运算量大、时效性差的问题。对此提出了一种改进的二维Otsu快速阈值分割算法,先将二维Otsu算法分解为两个一维Otsu算法,并集成类间和类内方差信息构造了一种新的阈值判别函数,同时通过降维,进一步降低计算量。实验结果表明,该算法在时间效率与分割效果两方面明显优于传统的二维Otsu算法与快速二维Otsu算法。     

数字图像处理等；基于二维Otsu和模糊聚类的图像分割算法*

针对传统二维Otsu算法计算复杂度高的问题,提出一种改进的Otsu图像分割算法。该算法通过求两个一维Otsu法的阈值来代替传统二维Otsu法的阈值,使得计算复杂度得到了降低;同时为了改进分割效果,结合使用了模糊C-均值聚类算法。实验结果表明,改进的算法充分发挥了两者的优势,不仅在计算速度上优于原二维Otsu算法,且分割效果较好。     

二维Otsu阈值法的快速算法

最大类间方差法(Otsu)是图像分割的经典算法,在其基础之上发展起来的二维Otsu阈值分割法由于计算复杂而制约了其应用。针对这一缺点,提出一种改进的二维Otsu阈值法的快速算法。首先将原始二维直方图划分成M×M个区域,将每个区域视为1个点,构造新的二维直方图,在其上利用二维Otsu以及快速递推算法,得到分割阈值所处的区域编号;既而对所确定的区域再次使用二维Otsu算法得到原始图像的分割阈值。实验结果证明,改进算法有效地提高了计算速度,降低了算法的空间复杂度,且分割效果与原始算法基本一致。     

二维Otsu阈值分割算法的改进及应用

为改善传统二维Otsu阈值分割算法处理图像的计算复杂度高、实时性差、受噪声干扰严重等缺点,提出一种改进的快速二维Otsu阈值自动分割算法.通过改变二维直方图判别域的划分将二维阈值求解转化为一维阈值求解,对原图像的直方图采用二分法得到最优分割阈值的初始值,然后在此基础上通过两个分量方向上迭代求解得到图像的最优分割阈值.理论分析与仿真车牌实验表明,与传统二维阈值分割算法相比,此算法的计算复杂度远远低于原始二维Otsu算法,且分割效果和原始算法的基本一致.     

改进的动物精子图像分割算法

动物精子图像分割在计算机辅助精子质量分析系统(CASA)中有着非常重要的作用,直接关系到精子质量检测的精度和速度。在总结最大类间方差(Otsu)算法利弊的基础上,对传统二维Otsu算法原理以及在动物精子图像分割过程中存在处理时间过长的问题进行了研究,提出了一种改进的二维Otsu图像分割算法,通过改变二维直方图的分块方式将二维最优阈值搜索变为一维最优阈值搜索,从而缩短寻找最优阈值的处理时间。实验结果表明,改进的分割算法可以有效降低算法复杂度和噪声干扰,实现动物精子图像快速、准确的分割。     

二维Otsu阈值法的快速迭代算法

提出二维Otsu阈值法的快速迭代算法.针对传统二维Otsu阈值法及改进的递推二维Otsu阈值法等具有高计算复杂性的不足,假设被分割图像及其邻域平滑图像形成的二维联合直方图是连续二元概率分布函数的条件下,利用求多元函数极值的方法得到二维Otsu阈值法的快速迭代算法.大量实验结果表明,本文方法是可行的且有良好的分割性能.     

改进的二维Otsu图像分割方法的研究

为提高传统二维Otsu法的分割精度,尤其是对图像中小目标的分割精度,提出具体的改进方法：在传统二维Otsu法的基础上,对二维灰度直方图进行坐标变换,并将传统计算公式进行调整,改进阈值分割方法。实验结果表明,改进的阈值分割方法与传统算法相比较,提高了识别能力和分割效率。     

基于自适应加权中值滤波的二维Otsu图像分割算法

为解决传统二维Otsu算法在含噪声较多的图像应用中分割效果较差这一问题,提出一种基于自适应加权中值滤波的二维Otsu图像分割算法.该算法首先利用一种新的自适应加权中值滤波对噪声图像中值滤波;然后将中值图像的二维直方图区域划分由四分法改为二分法;最后利用改进的二维Otsu算法对图像作精确分割.实验结果表明,该算法对灰度噪声图像具有更强的抗噪性且分割效果也更为理想.     

一种改进的二维Otsu图像分割算法

二维Otsu图像分割算法将类间离散度矩阵的迹作为阈值识别函数,计算复杂度高且易导致分割错误,为此对二维Otsu算法进行改进,设计一种新的阈值识别函数.通过对比试验验证改进算法的有效性.     

一种结合粒子群算法和自适应加权窗的二维Otsu图像分割新方法

针对传统二维Otsu门限分割方法中滤噪和小目标保持性能的不足,提出了一种基于自适应加权窗的二维Otsu门限分割的新方法。新方法对二维Otsu的部域窗口设置方法做了改进,使用中心点的局部平稳特征来自适应地确定下一邻域窗口的尺寸大小,然后利用粒子群算法来加快门限的计算速度,从而提高门限分割的性能。实验结果表明:与目前广泛使用的一维Otsu、二维Otsu方法以及直线型门限二维Otsu方法相比,新方法有着更好的门限分割效果,并且有更好的噪声抑制和目标保持效果。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。