一种基于场景的需求驱动构件服务聚集方法*

针对如何根据用户需求进行Web服务的自动聚合问题,给出了一种基于场景的构件服务聚集方法.引入UCM表示场景,在场景本体的基础上,提出基于场景的责任一构件服务行为机制,用来描述用户需求和自主Web服务能力.构造了一种基于场景的需求驱动构件服务聚集模型,在该模型中,服务聚集采用功能匹配和质量匹配相结合的方法,并相应地给出了需求驱动构件服务聚集算法和基于QoS的服务选优算法,提高了服务发现效率和精确度.最后,通过案例研究和仿真实验验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性.     

企业信息系统业务构件设计研究

基于构件的软件开发被认为是解决软件危机的最新成果,但其实践并未达到预期效果:构件设计的方法学还不完善,缺乏对实际应用的明确指导.给出一种业务构件设计方法,应用聚类算法来识别两类业务构件(过程构件和实体构件),以需求模型作为聚类分析样本点的数据来源,并给出样本点关联值的计算方法.通过引入"聚集点实体"的概念改进识别业务构件的准确性,给出构件粒度的计算公式,以降低业务构件的复杂度.最后描述了业务构件接口的设计步骤.     

一种领域软件集成系统的设计技术

针对提高领域软件集成系统的可扩展性、灵活性、可替换性问题,提出一种基于三模型驱动的系统设计技术.方法采用自顶向下的分解原则获取领域模型:利用领域模型和分层技术建立由业务构件和两层框架组成的构件模型;进一步得到基于数据分类、描述、接口的数据模型.三模型的驱动机制保证了在软件生命周期内业务概念的完整性和一致性,解决了扩展性和灵活性问题.最后,给出一个石油钻井模拟软件系统的设计实例,验证了方法的有效性.     

一种利用功能驱动的构件组装方法研究

从构件组装研究背景出发,提出一种利用功能驱动的构件组装方法,该方法是建立在一种有向图表示的软件体系结构模型上,以构件为基本元素,以用户的功能需求为驱动目标,以构件连通度和功能冗余度为评价指标,达到构件的自动组装并能提供满足用户需求期望的软件实体.最后根据构件的邻接矩阵和可达矩阵设计了一种组装算法,并给出了实验仿真结果.     

基于服务构件集成的安全访问业务建模方法

提出共性安全构件的概念以及基于服务构件集成的安全访问业务建模方法:从业务建模角度按照自顶向下的模式,对安全访问流程中相关的业务模块进行抽离,利用BPEL针对身份认证、访问授权和审计认定三类安全服务构件,设计了一个完整的安全业务访问控制流程;从安全开发经验角度按照自底向上的模式,搭建共性安全构件三层体系平台,并将软件工程中的AOP和D I思想引入到构件组装开发过程中,实现根据具体场景的、可定制的配置型开发。最后利用服务构件搭建安全认证系统并与CAS、OpenID进行性能测试,分析基于服务构件的安全访问业务建模方法的可用性。     

基于构件组装的远程实验教学系统研究及应用①

提出了一种基于构件组装技术的远程实验教学系统的设计和实现方法。该方法中,实验资源被封装成标准化构件,作为资源重用和系统集成的基本单元。设计了基于构件组装的实验元模型(REM-Model),并给出了实现该模型的远程实验教学系统框架(RET-System)。该框架中,REM-Model被映射到SoXPDL模型,由工作流引擎驱动构件组装,从而支持远程实验教学项目的动态重构。最后,介绍了操作系统远程实验教学系统的应用实例。     

面向综合电子信息系统的领域构件模型驱动研究

模型驱动架构（MDA：Model Driven Architechture）提出了一种利用模型进行软件开发的方法。该文首先提出基于模型驱动开发方法实现面向综合电子信息系统进行构件开发的应用策略,说明了综合电子信息系统领域构件模型建立过程,描述了综合电子信息系统构件模型表示方法以及模型驱动代码生成的实现方法。最后总结了综合电子信息系统领域构件模型驱动开发的特点。     

设备驱动在嵌入式系统中的构件综合

主要讲述了综合技术如何应用在嵌入式系统中的设备驱动设计.所述的综合技术在设备驱动设计开发的过程中,使用设备驱动的各个构件,包括事件驱动的有限状态机,数据通道,设备控制和其他元素,对设备行为进行描述.把整个设备驱动分成各个子构件,使用专用的构件描述语言对子构件分别进行描述,然后对其进行综合得到最后的代码.     

基于业务规则的信息系统建模方法研究

信息系统的开发需要对业务过程进行建模。论文提出一种从业务规则的角度对业务过程进行建模的方法。通过对业务规则的分析，讨论了将业务规则转化为建模构件的方法，研究了构件之间的关系——元模型，并给出了利用这些构件建立业务过程的规则模型的方法。最后给出了一个业务规则模型的实例。     

基于业务模型和聚类算法的构件设计方法

针对业务构件设计一直是基于构件的企业信息系统软件开发中的研究难点这一问题，该文给出了一种基于UML语言，由业务功能视图、业务实体视图、业务组织视图、业务控制视图组成的业务模型描述方法。并在业务模型语义分析的基础上建立起聚类算法的样品间及类间关联值的计算公式，有效地将聚类算法引入业务构件划分过程，并通过谱系聚类图来确定构件划分的最优设计结果。给出了业务构件接口设计的关键步骤和方法，为构件划分和设计提供了一套可遵循的参考标准，以有效提高构件设计的质量。     

Das Dekompositionsmodell nach Wand und Weber im Kontext der Prozessmodellierung

Whereas the benefits of decomposing process models are obvious, the question what actually characterizes a ??good?? decomposition of a business process model has been given little attention to date. In addition, the process of decomposition itself is considered as being an ??art?? in literature. Our approach for achieving a ??good?? decomposition is Wand and Weber??s decomposition model for information systems. As a first step in our investigation we aim to explore in how far the decomposition model can be adapted for business process modelling at all. The potential this model might bear for evaluating decompositions of process models has been promoted in literature quite often, while a corresponding investigation is still missing. We address this gap by the following research. In the long term, we intend to establish guidelines for decomposing business process models in a structured way.     

基于Petri网行为紧密度的业务流程配置优化分析

业务流程优化分析是业务流程管理的重要内容之一,存在配置信息的优化分析显得尤为重要。已有研究主要集中于业务流程优化分析,但对于存在配置信息的业务流程优化则存在不足。对业务流程配置优化分析进行了研究,提出了日志与业务流程Petri网模型的紧密度计算方法 以及基于行为紧密度的业务流程配置优化分析方法。首先根据给定事件日志的执行序列及实例数建立初始模型,计算初始模型与剩余日志的紧密度,利用紧密度大的日志优化初始模型;然后引进配置变迁对初步优化后的模型进行进一步优化;最后通过一个简单的实例说明了该方法的可行性。     

Mining version histories for change impact analysis in business process model repositories

In order to remain competitive and sustainable in today's ever-changing business environments, organizations need to frequently make changes to their business activities and the corresponding business process models. One of the critical issues that an organization faces is change impact analysis: estimating the potential effects of changing a business process to other processes in the organization's business process repository. In this paper, we propose an approach to change impact analysis which mines a version history of a business process model repository. Our approach then identifies business process models that have been co-changed in the past and uses this knowledge to predict the impact of future changes. An empirical validation on a real business process model repository has showed the effectiveness of our approach in predicting impact of a change.     

Agile business process development: why,how and when—applying Nonaka’s theory of knowledge transformation to business process development

The traditional way of business process development is via creating a detailed model of a business process in question, acquiring an IT-system to support it, and then implementing it in the organizational practice. Acquiring a system can be done via designing and manufacturing it by the business itself, or via commissioning it to somebody else. Alternatively, a generic system can be bought and configured according to the business process model created. The traditional approach has a number of risks that become visible only during the latest phase of introducing the system in the organizational practice, e.g., when it becomes clear that the system does not fit the business and/or people who work in it. These risks could be mitigated by using an agile approach to the development of business processes. In agile approach: (a) the phases of process modeling, IT-system design, and manufacturing are merged into one, and (b) instead of using one big cycle, a series of smaller development cycles is used. The paper discusses what is needed to implement the agile approach, and in which business situations the agile approach is the most appropriate. Examples of tools to support agile development are presented and analyzed. The results presented in the paper have been achieved based on the knowledge transformation perspective along the lines suggested by Nonaka in SECI model. The modification of this model has been used to understand the risks and requirements connected to a particular process development strategy.     

A complete approach for CIM modelling and model formalising

ContextComputation Independent Model (CIM) as a business model describes the requirements and environment of a business system and instructs the designing and development; it is a key to influencing software success. Although many studies currently focus on model driven development (MDD); those researches, to a large extent, study the PIM-level and PSM-level model, and few have dealt with CIM-level modelling for case in which the requirements are unclear or incomplete.ObjectiveThis paper proposes a CIM-level modelling approach, which applies a stepwise refinement approach to modelling the CIM-level model starting from a high-level goal model to a lower-level business process model. A key advantage of our approach is the combination of the requirement model with the business model, which helps software engineers to define business models exactly for cases in which the requirements are unclear or incomplete.MethodThis paper, based on the model driven approach, proposes a set of models at the CIM-level and model transformations to connect these models. Accordingly, the formalisation approach of this paper involves formalising the goal model using the category theory and the scenario model and business process model using Petri nets.ResultsWe have defined a set of metamodels and transformation rules making it possible to obtain automatically a scenario model from the goal model and a business process model from the scenario model. At the same time, we have defined a mapping rule to formalise these models. Our proposed CIM modelling approach and formalisation approach are implemented with an MDA tool, and it has been empirically validated by a travel agency case study.ConclusionThis study shows how a CIM modelling approach helps to build a complete and consistent model at the CIM level for cases in which the requirements are unclear or incomplete in advance.     

A systematic approach for developing a new business model using morphological analysis and integrated fuzzy approach

Despite the growing importance of developing a novel business model, most previous studies on business model remain conceptual and theoretical. A paucity of empirical studies has hindered the use of the business model concept in practical purposes. Hence, this study proposes a systematic approach to new business model development (NBMD) that helps business practitioners to develop, evaluate and select the best business model to meet the business objectives. The proposed approach comprises two stages: identification of business model alternatives and business model evaluation and selection. During the first stage, a set of business model alternatives are derived by exploring all the possible combinations of a morphological matrix, and in the second stage, we conduct an evaluation and selection of a suitable business model. Morphological analysis (MA) has been employed for the derivation and aggregation of business model alternatives, and decision-making approach that integrates fuzzy extent analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods is used as an evaluation and selection tool. Finally, to illustrate the applicability of proposed approach, a case study on the development of a business model for a Telco has been presented.     

Modelling non-functional requirements of business processes

This paper presents an approach to the identification and inclusion of ‘non-functional’ aspects of a business process in modelling for business improvement. The notion of non-functional requirements (NFRs) is borrowed from software engineering, and a method developed in that field for linking NFRs to conceptual models is adapted and applied to business process modelling. Translated into this domain, NFRs are equated with the general or overall quality attributes of a business process, which, though essential aspects of any effective process, are not well captured in a functionally oriented process model. Using an example of a healthcare process (cancer registration in Jordan). We show how an analysis and evaluation of NFRs can be applied to a process model developed with role activity diagramming (RAD) to operationalise desirable quality features more explicitly in the model. This gives a useful extension to RAD and similar modelling methods, as well as providing a basis for business improvement.     

Workflow simulation for operational decision support using event graph through process mining

It is increasingly common to see computer-based simulation being used as a vehicle to model and analyze business processes in relation to process management and improvement. While there are a number of business process management (BPM) and business process simulation (BPS) methodologies, approaches and tools available, it is more desirable to have a systemic BPS approach for operational decision support, from constructing process models based on historical data to simulating processes for typical and common problems. In this paper, we have proposed a generic approach of BPS for operational decision support which includes business processes modeling and workflow simulation with the models generated. Processes are modeled with event graphs through process mining from workflow logs that have integrated comprehensive information about the control-flow, data and resource aspects of a business process. A case study of a credit card application is presented to illustrate the steps involved in constructing an event graph. The evaluation detail is also given in terms of precision, generalization and robustness. Based on the event graph model constructed, we simulate the process under different scenarios and analyze the simulation logs for three generic problems in the case study: 1) suitable resource allocation plan for different case arrival rates; 2) teamwork performance under different case arrival rates; and 3) evaluation and prediction for personal performances. Our experimental results show that the proposed approach is able to model business processes using event graphs and simulate the processes for common operational decision support which collectively play an important role in process management and improvement.     

Efficient Deviation Detection Between a Process Model and Event Logs

Business processes described by formal or semi-formal models are realized via information systems. Event logs generated from these systems are probably not consistent with the existing models due to insufficient design of the information system or the system upgrade. By comparing an existing process model with event logs, we can detect inconsistencies called deviations, verify and extend the business process model, and accordingly improve the business process. In this paper, some abnormal activities in business processes are formally defined based on Petri nets. An efficient approach to detect deviations between the process model and event logs is proposed. Then, business process models are revised when abnormal activities exist. A clinical process in a healthcare information system is used as a case study to illustrate our work. Experimental results show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.