空间布局的约束图方法

空间布局的自动化是智能CAD领域的研究方向之一,旨在为设计师提供智能辅助工具，用于求解在建筑、厂房设备、大规模集成电路以及产品包装等等若干领域出现的布局问题.图论方法是空间布局研究的主要途径之一.以往的布局模型由于难以充分表达知识与约束,使得设计过程与结果难以控制.本文提出一种可应用于2D及3D布局的规范约束图及层次约束图模型,给出了约束图解的存在条件.该模型可以表示精细的布局知识与约束,在一定程度上克服了以往图模型不能充分表达布局知识与约束的不足.本文还给出了基于约束图的布局生成算法.     

面向卷积神经网络加速器吞吐量优化的FPGA自动化设计方法

针对卷积神经网络FPGA加速器的资源分配与频率设置欠佳导致吞吐量受限的问题,提出一种面向吞吐量优化的自动化设计方法.首先将加速器的设计分为并行策略和频率设计,提出总体设计流程;然后将设计空间探索建模为线段分割问题,采用遗传算法及贪心算法求解;最后根据求解出的并行策略完成加速器的结构设计,根据求解出的预期运行频率对加速器的布局布线优化,使实际频率可以达到预期.对AlexNet及VGG-16模型在目标器件AlteraDE5a-Net的设计实验结果表明,文中方法能有效地提升资源使用效率并给出合理频率设置;相比于其他卷积神经网络FPGA加速器设计方法,该方法可提升AlexNet和VGG-16的吞吐量82.95%和66.19%.     

工程布局CAD系统设计与实现

针对工程布局设计的复杂性,提出了开放式的工程布局设计CAD系统的结构框架,讨论了实现该系统的关键方法,包括自动化设计进程建模、基于功能特征的待布物和布局空间几何近似建模、布局知识和布局约束的表达、布局方法应用.基于该系统框架,实现了计算机辅助工程布局设计原型系统,并以车辆动力舱布局设计为背景,对原型系统的有效性进行了验证.     

设计型专家系统在机械工程中的应用研究

专家系统是人工智能技术的一个重要分支，它是特定领域的一套计算机程序，具有类似专家工作时利用知识进行推理来解决问题的能力。它一般用以求解那些需要人类专家才能求解的高难度问题或不良结构的问题，为人类保存、使用、传播和评价知识提供了一条有效的捷径。文中主要介绍设计型专家系统在机械工程中的应用以及其基本结构、知识表示方法、推理方式及构建策略，然后介绍了它在齿轮传动设计中的应用。设计型专家系统的产生和发展必然会促进设计自动化技术在机械工程中的应用。     

制造系统中的单向环型设备布局设计

提出一种优化建模与虚拟现实技术相结合的求解策略，较好地解决了制造系统中的单向环型设备布局问题．研究该问题的固有特性，提出三条定理，构建了一个启发式算法，并实现了一个沉浸式虚拟布局设计的例子．     

面向用户界面建模的扩展对象模型

用户界面设计需要同时满足用户对被操纵对象的构成和操作要求，还要考虑对象的布局展示对用户心理造成的影响。随着Web技术的广泛应用，也要考虑对象信息问的导航问题．按照对用户界面建模的要求，本文提出了扩展对象模型的概念。该模型从对象建模出发，实现了从被操纵对象模型到其界面细节构成的自动化映射。本研究可以看作是建立用户界面从抽象建模到实现自动化的技术基础。     

数字制造系统中基于Web的建模体系研究

基于Web的建模是解决现有建模工具缺乏分布性、互操作性等缺陷的有效途径，对于研究数字制造系统中的建模具有重要意义，文章首先介绍了数字化工厂及其于Web技术的发展现状，分析了数字制造系统对基于Web协同建模的需求，进而提出了一人基于J2EE平台的建模系统的设计框架。论文阐述了该建模系统的目标和体系结构，给出了其主要功能及关键模的设计思路，最后总结了此种设计模式的优点和未业研究的方向     

旅游路线规划研究综述

旅游业的快速发展和用户分享内容的激增使得旅游领域的信息过载问题日益突出，如何帮助游客在快速制定个性化游览路线的同时提升旅行体验，成为当前旅游路线规划问题研究的关键。首先，给出旅游路线规划问题的形式化定义；然后，将文献中的旅游路线规划求解方法分为基于精确数学建模的求解、基于用户生成内容的求解两大类，对各类方法的关键技术和存在的主要问题进行了较为详细的考察；最后，给出一个旅游路线规划系统整体架构，对其中存在的重点和难点问题进行了分析，为旅游路线规划问题的研究提供理论支持的同时指明了下一步的研究方向。     

设计型专家系统在机械工程中的应用研究

专家系统是人工智能技术的一个重要分支,它是特定领域的一套计算机程序,具有类似专家工作时利用知识进行推理来解决问题的能力.它一般用以求解那些需要人类专家才能求解的高难度问题或不良结构的问题,为人类保存、使用、传播和评价知识提供了一条有效的捷径.文中主要介绍设计型专家系统在机械工程中的应用以及其基本结构、知识表示方法、推理方式及构建策略,然后介绍了它在齿轮传动设计中的应用.设计型专家系统的产生和发展必然会促进设计自动化技术在机械工程中的应用.     

计及投资费用约束的配电自动化终端优化布局方法

针对初始投资费用受限情况下的配电自动化终端布局问题,提出了一种计及初始投资费用约束的配电自动化终端优化布局方法.首先分析了考虑配电自动化终故障端辅助定位及自动隔离故障的配电网可靠性评估流程;然后在保证供电可靠性的前提下,建立了以等年值综合费用最低为目标函数,以设备投资费用为约束条件的配电自动化终端优化布局模型;最后,在IEEE RBTS BUS2算例中,采用多种群遗传算法对构建的模型进行求解,得出最优的配电自动化终端布局结果.通过与传统方法进行对比,验证了所提方法的有效性和优越性.     

A microworld approach to the formalization of musical knowledge

This paper is about the importance of applying computational modeling and artificial intelligence techniques to music cognition and computer music research. The construction of microworlds as a methodology plays a key role in the different stages of this research. Several uses of microworlds are described. Microworlds have been criticized in the domains of artificial intelligence and the cognitive sciences, but this critique has to be seen in its proper context (i.e. in modeling of human intelligence, not as a methodology). It is shown that the microworld approach is still an important methodology in music cognition and computer music research, and a promising strategy in the design of a general representation formalism of musical knowledge.Henkjan Honing is research fellow at the University of Amsterdam, where he is doing research on the formalization of musical knowledge concentrating on time and temporal structure. With Peter Desain he wrote the bookMusic, Mind and Machine: Studies in Computer Music, Music Cognition and Artificial Intelligence.     

A cognitively based methodology for evaluating human performance in the computer-aided design task domain

This article describes a methodology for evaluating human performance in the computer aided design (CAD) task environment. The methodology is based primarily on cognitive theoretic frameworks that are consistent with processes presumed to underlie human design activities. The motivation for its development stems from rapid software and hardware advances in CAD systems and our relative lack of understanding of how these enhancements affect human design performance for (1) fundamentally different types of tasks and (2) different levels of complexity for a particular task. This methodology is currently being applied to computer aided architectural design, an area where artificial intelligence (AI), enhanced geometric modelling and other system features are being debated in terms of their usefulness in aiding the human's design activities.     

机制主义人工智能理论——一种通用的人工智能理论

现行人工智能研究取得了许多进展,但存在“深度上浅层化、广度上碎片化和体系上封闭化”的重要缺陷。这不是改进算法或者提高硬件性能所能解决的问题,而是要在科学观方法论上寻找根源。本文依据“科学观→方法论→研究模型→研究途径→基本概念→基本原理”这个顶天立地的研究纲领,总结了信息科学的科学观,提炼了信息生态方法论;在新的科学观和方法论指导下构筑了体现智能生长全过程的研究模型,发现了智能生长的共性机制,确立了机制主义研究途径,进而澄清和匡正了信息（特别是语义信息）、感知、知识、认知、基础意识、情感、理智、综合决策等一系列基础概念,总结了实现信息－知识－智能转换的一组基本原理,创建了机制主义人工智能理论。而且证明了:长期三分而立的结构主义（人工神经网络）、功能主义（专家系统）、行为主义（感知动作系统）三大人工智能理论可在机制主义人工智能理论框架内实现和谐统一;机制主义是生成基础意识、情感、理智三位一体高等人工智能的科学途径;机制主义人工智能理论是通用型的人工智能理论。     

符合伦理的人工智能应用的价值敏感设计:现状与展望

价值敏感设计是一种将伦理嵌入人工智能设计的高效方法,尤其是其独特的三方方法为人工智能应用提供了规避伦理问题和道德风险的手段,因此有着广阔的应用前景.本文系统地介绍了价值敏感设计的内涵、原理和方法;详细描述了价值敏感设计在国内外的研究现状,并对典型研究内容进行了对比分析;总结了近年来价值敏感设计在智能机器人、智能运载工具...     

Application of computational intelligence techniques in active networks

 Computational intelligence techniques have been successfully used for solving control problems in packet-switching network architectures. The introduction of active networking adds a high degree of flexibility in customizing the network infrastructure and introducing new functionality. Therefore, there is a clear need for investigating both the applicability of computational intelligence techniques in this new networking environment, as well as the provisions of active networking technology that computational intelligence techniques can exploit for improved operation. We report on the characteristics of these technologies, their synergy and on outline recent efforts in the design of a computational intelligence toolkit and its application to routing on a novel active networking environment.     

Prediction of vehicle reliability performance using artificial neural networks

Product development is an important but also dynamic, lengthy and risky phase in the life of a new product. The optimisation of the product development phase through extensive knowledge of the involved procedures is believed to reduce the risks and improve the final product quality. Artificial intelligence and expert systems have been used successfully in optimising the development phase of some new products as it will be demonstrated by the first sections of this publication. This paper presents the first module of an expert system, a neural network architecture that could predict the reliability performance of a vehicle at later stages of its life by using only information from a first inspection after the vehicle’s prototype production. The paper demonstrates how a tool like neural networks can be designed and optimised for use in reliability performance predictions. Also, this paper presents an optimisation methodology that enabled the neural network to deal with the limited amount of available training data, common during new product development, and to finally achieve acceptable prediction performance with small error. A case example is presented to demonstrate the methodology.     

Partial AUC maximization in a linear combination of dichotomizers

Classifier combination is a useful and common methodology to design an effective classification system. A large number of combination rules has been proposed hitherto, mostly aimed at minimizing the error rate. Recently, some methods have been presented that are devoted to maximize the area under the ROC curve (AUC), a more suitable performance measure when dealing with two-class problems with imprecise environment and/or imbalanced class priors. However, there are several applications that do not operate in the complete range of the ROC curve, but only in particular regions of it. In these cases, it is better to analyze the performance only in a part of the curve and to use the partial AUC (pAUC). This paper presents a new method that aims at maximizing the pAUC by means of linear combination of classifiers. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been proved on two biometric databases.     

Social intelligence design for the Web

Web intelligence reflects the view that eventually we will build a totally new kind of collective intelligence on the Web computing infrastructure. To reach this goal we must solve several major problems. For example, embedding Web computing into our everyday lives and society poses a more difficult problem than engineers might think. Because new technologies often consume financial resources without providing a comparable benefit, we must pay close attention to the social aspects of intelligence and how Web computing can augment knowledge processes, an attitude that underlies social intelligence design. Computer-supported collaborative work takes a similar approach, focusing on well-structured, goal-oriented groups Social intelligence design, on the other hand, highlights collective knowledge processes in informal, loosely coupled groups. It thus focuses not only on technological development for Web intelligence but also on the design and analysis of a social framework for embedding Web intelligence into everyday life.     

Intelligence in the internet age: The emergence and evolution of Open Source Intelligence (OSINT)

This paper introduces the concept of Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) as an important component for understanding human problem solving in the 21st century. OSINT is in many ways the result of changing human–information relationships resulting from the emergence and growing dominance of the Internet and the World Wide Web in everyday life. This paper suggests that the Internet/Web changes the dynamic relationship between what Cattell and Horn have identified as the two general factors of human intelligence: crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence. The Internet/Web open up new possibilities for accessing information and transcending over-determined cultural intelligence in problem solving. This offers fluid intelligence, which often trails off in adulthood, a new vitality across the lifespan. But the diminishment of crystallized intelligence, and especially cultural intelligence, also presents a number of important problems in maintenance of cohesive, social cooperatives. The development of OSINT (using tools and ethos created by the Open Source movement of the last few decades) offers both a framework for reaching beyond the boundaries of traditional cultural intelligence and ways to create cooperative, open, problem solving communities. The Internet/Web will continue to create confusion and fear as we move deeper into this new age, but also presents extraordinary possibilities for augmenting human intellect if we can understand it and learn to harness its potential.