氨基酸序列的特征描述

氨基酸序列的特征描述是指从一条氨基酸序列选取相关的特征信息并用数学方法描述这些信息，使之能正确反映序列与结构或功能之间的关系。在根据氨基酸序列预测蛋白质的结构类或亚细胞位置等问题中，氨基酸序列的特征描述直接影响预测质量；同时比较不同描述方法对预测结果的影响可以帮助我们理解序列与结构或序列与功能之间的关系。本文介绍了几种氨基酸序列的特征描述方法，以FDOD方程作为判别函数，比较了其中几种描述方法对蛋白质结构类预测结果的影响，发现二级结构单纯的全α类和全β类蛋白质对于氨基酸组成比较敏感，而对于混合型蛋白质，即α β类和α/β类蛋白质，考虑氨基酸残基排列顺序可以显著提高预测结果。     

蛋白质的分组重量编码及在结构型预测的应用

从氨基酸的物化特性出发,利用物理学中“粗粒化”思想,提出了一种蛋白质序列的分组重量编码方法(Encoding Basedon Grouped Weight,简记为EBGW),并结合组分耦联算法进行结构型预测的研究。对标准集T359中359个蛋白质的Resubstitution检验和Jack-knife检验预测准确性分别达到99.72%和91.09%,其中Jack-knife检验总体预测精度比相同条件下采用氨基酸组成编码的方法提高了约7%,特别是α+β类的预测精度提高了15%。实验结果表明蛋白质序列的EBGW编码方法能够有效地提取字母序列中蕴含的结构信息。     

氨基酸序列的特征描述

氨基酸序列的特征描述是指从一条氨基酸序列选取相关的特征信息并用数学方法描述这些信息,使之能正确反映序列与结构或功能之间的关系。在根据氨基酸序列预测蛋白质的结构类或亚细胞位置等问题中,氨基酸序列的特征描述直接影响预测质量;同时比较不同描述方法对预测结果的影响可以帮助我们理解序列与结构或序列与功能之间的关系。本文介绍了几种氨基酸序列的特征描述方法,以FDOD方程作为判别函数,比较了其中几种描述方法对蛋白质结构类预测结果的影响,发现二级结构单纯的全α类和全β类蛋白质对于氨基酸组成比较敏感,而对于混合型蛋白质,即α+β类和α/β类蛋白质,考虑氨基酸残基排列顺序可以显著提高预测结果。     

一种序列相关支持向量机的B桶状跨膜蛋白预测方法

膜蛋白是一种具有重要生物功能的蛋白质,根据蛋白质的序列信息预测其是否属于β桶状跨膜蛋白是结构预测与功能分析的重要先导步骤,也是蛋白质预测领域中的一个挑战性问题。针对这两类问题,提取了208条β桶状跨膜蛋白序列的氨基酸位置与理化特征。利用支持向量机(SVM)进行了预测,结果表明二分类精度与相关系数分别达到了88.36%与0.7723。     

基于散列辞典的蛋白质二级结构预测方法

提出一种易于修改的蛋白质二级结构预测算法。以蛋白质数据银行中PDB文本数据作为数据源,提取所有蛋白质氨基酸序列并以此建立样本数据库,然后针对α-螺旋、β-折叠分别利用基于散列辞典的不同改进方法编程实现蛋白质二级结构序列片段预测,在预测过程中,随机抽取68421个蛋白质中部分样本作为测试集,对未知序列根据建立的散列辞典中的片段使用正向最大匹配分词法进行切分对比。从实验结果来看,对未知序列片段预测的准确度达到了83．9％,而且能够较好地体现片段之间的连接顺序。     

基于卷积长短时记忆神经网络的蛋白质二级结构预测

鉴于不同类型氨基酸的相互作用对蛋白质结构预测的影响不同,文中融合卷积神经网络和长短时记忆神经网络模型,提出卷积长短时记忆神经网络,并应用到蛋白质8类二级结构的预测中.首先基于氨基酸序列的类别信息和氨基酸结构的进化信息表示蛋白质序列,并采用卷积提取氨基酸残基之间的局部相关特征,然后利用双向长短时记忆神经网络提取蛋白质序列内部残基之间的远程相互作用,最后将提取的蛋白质的局部相关特征和远程相互作用用于蛋白质8类二级结构的预测.实验表明,相比基准方法,文中模型提高8类二级结构预测的精度,并具有良好的可扩展性.     

基于K-近邻算法预测蛋白质热稳定性的研究

基于一级结构信息预测蛋白质热稳定性,对于利用计算机筛选热稳定性蛋白具有重要意义。本文采用k-近邻算法从序列出发预测蛋白质的热稳定性,用自一致性检验、交叉验证和独立样本测试等三种方法评估。仅用20种氨基酸组成作为特征变量时,识别的正确率分别可达100%,87.7%和89.6%;而引入8个新变量后,其精度分别为100%,89.6%和90.2%,对小蛋白质分子识别的精度提高了2.4%。同时探讨了蛋白质分子大小对识别效果的影响。     

1种蛋白质Loop片段结构的概率生成模型

在计算生物学中,根据蛋白质的氨基酸序列预测蛋白质的结构是尚未解决的重要问题之一,而其中的1个难点是预测蛋白质中Loop片段的结构.本文用1阶马尔可夫模型为基础,通过对其训练,可根据氨基酸串和2级结构信息为蛋白质Loop片段概率建模和采样.其中用Ramachandmn图示法的二面角对描述蛋白质结构,模型的训练和推理通过工具包Mocapy来完成.并使用KL交叉熵和角度差异值作为实验检验标准来完成Loop分布情况的测试实验,同时在从头预测Loop结构实验中预测CASP8中8个自由建模的蛋白质结构.与最流行的方法相比,本文提出的模型因为改进了Loop段的预测精度,从而可使得到的二面角对更加接近真实Loop结构中分布,同时在从头预测中提高整个蛋白质结构的预测精度.并且由于本文的模型具有概率推理特性,故在理论上也更具有无偏见性.     

基于群智能的蛋白质耐热温度预测研究

为直接利用序列和结构信息预测蛋白质耐热温度,提出了基于群智能的蛋白质耐热温度预测方法。基于多元线性回归模型,利用人工蜂群与粒子群混合算法,优化了蛋白质的耐热温度与氨基酸含量的多元线性回归模型的参数,得到蛋白质的耐热温度。此外,通过加入蛋白质的氨基酸网络拓扑属性,提高了蛋白质耐热温度的预测准确性。对耐温蛋白质,网络拓扑属性的加入使得蛋白质耐热温度的预测值偏差和真实值偏差之间的相关系数增加到0.71,平均预测率增加到0.88;耐热蛋白质的相关系数增加到0.75,平均预测率增加到0.91。氨基酸网络拓扑属性的引入为预测蛋白质耐热温度提供了新的视角。     

支持向量回归预测蛋白质残基的B因子

蛋白质分子的柔性在各种生物进程中如酶催化、蛋白质分子绑定和识别等发挥着重要的作用。研究蛋白质分子柔性有助于更好地理解蛋白质的功能,研究证明从X射线晶体衍射结构而来的B因子能够较好的衡量蛋白质分子的柔性。从蛋白质序列出发,以保守信息、预测的二级结构、预测的相对溶剂可及性和氨基酸4种物理化学性质作为特征向量,利用支持向量回归方法对蛋白质的B因子进行预测。考察了邻近残基的影响,采用滑动窗口方法对所有特征变量进行了处理。通过对位置特异得分矩阵的平滑窗口处理,提高了预测精度。以皮尔逊相关系数为算法评价指标,最终得到独立测试集的皮尔逊相关系数为0.56,表明该方法有效提高预测精度。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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