解析C语言的运算符和表达式

C语言的运算符具有使用灵活的特点,可以用于解决许多其它编程语言难以处理的复杂问题。但在实际应用中,因对其理解不深,可能出现各种难以意料的结果。该文对运算符教学过程中使用容易出现问题的地方进行了分析,并给出提出了相应的解决方法。     

C语言自增、自减运算符使用中应注意的问题

运算符多,操作灵活是Ｃ文３的一大特色。在诸多运算符中,最难理解,最容易出错的便是自增,自减运算符。本文就这两个运算符使用中应注意的问题进行了分析介绍。     

C++中运算符的重载应用

对C++中运算符重载进行了分析,阐述了运算符重载的概念,使用实例介绍了两种运算符重载的方法,并对运算符重载的应用规则和注意事项进行了探讨。     

C语言中自增自减运算符的使用

C语言的内部运算符很丰富,运算符是告诉我们编译程序执行特定算术或逻辑操作的符号。其中,最难理解的是在使用过程中最易得到模棱两可的结果自增自减运算符,对这两个运算符的使用做了详细说明。     

谨慎使用C＋＋中new运算符

new与delete是C 中创建和释放内存对象的重要运算符,笔者在用BC3.1编程中,很喜欢使用new运算符,但是由于不慎,曾经出现过以下两类问题,现提供给广大计算机编程爱好者,以便共同分析讨论.1.在编写一个结点大小不一、个数超过几万的大型动态链表时.使用new运算符为结点分配内存空间,程序虽能编译通过,但执行时总是死机.经分析,认为可能是使用new造成的,于是编写了如下的实验程序:     

关于自增、自减运算符使用的探讨

C语言中自增、自减运算符使用灵活。本文对自增、自减运算符在赋值语句和printf0函数中运算规则的使用做了一些有益的探讨．以方便读者对此运算符有一个全面的理解和正确的使用。     

自加、自减运算符在应用中需要注意的几点问题

自加、自减运算符是具有副作用的运算符,在实际应用中,单个自加、自减运算符容易理解,但多个自加、自减运算符同时出现在表达式中时,就不容易理解了,而且很容易出错,所以在应用中对一个表达式中的多个自加、自减运算符要特别小心谨慎。     

FoxPro检索技术的应用技巧

目前，个人计算机在国内已进入了“奔腾”时代，PC数据库也已广泛使用FoxPro。本文通过对比说明FoxPro在检索技术上所提供的几种方法的优劣，以期广大用户能迅速掌握FoxPro这一功能强大的应用软件。笔者使用的软硬件环境是：Compaq486／66，SM／420M；MS－DOS6．0Pwindows3．1，FoxPro26forWindows。使用的实验数据结构为：包含运算符检索包含运算符检索是最易于理解和使用的方法，也是性能最差的方法，最早出现于dBaseⅡ。具体方法是使用包含运算符“＄”，对于表达式：C＝A＄B（C为布尔变量，A、B为审变量）当B中包含A时，C…     

浅谈非数值处理问题中C++运算符的重载

在利用C++处理非数值问题中,用户自己定义数据类型的情况比较普遍,以至运算符重载问题非常突出,程序设计者只要合理选择运算符重载的形式,正确使用重载格式,就一定能充分发挥运算符重载所带来的编程优势,提高编程的质量。     

C语言中自增运算的若干问题探析

自增运算符是C语言的比较灵活的、方便的运算符,某种程度上使程序设计简单,但是同时带来了一些问题,该文结合实例进行了分析,方便读者更加全面的了解和使用自增运算符。     

Induced generalized hesitant fuzzy operators and their application to multiple attribute group decision making

In this paper, we develop a series of induced generalized aggregation operators for hesitant fuzzy or interval-valued hesitant fuzzy information, including induced generalized hesitant fuzzy ordered weighted averaging (IGHFOWA) operators, induced generalized hesitant fuzzy ordered weighted geometric (IGHFOWG) operators, induced generalized interval-valued hesitant fuzzy ordered weighted averaging (IGIVHFOWA) operators, and induced generalized interval-valued hesitant fuzzy ordered weighted geometric (IGIVHFOWG) operators. Next, we investigate their various properties and some of their special cases. Furthermore, some approaches based on the proposed operators are developed to solve multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems with hesitant fuzzy or interval-valued hesitant fuzzy information. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the developed approaches.     

基于可调变异算子求解遗传算法的欺骗问题*

针对遗传算法GA(genetic algorithm)欺骗问题的某些特点,从理论上对变异算子进行分析,提出了解决GA欺骗问题的一种新的方法.该算法能够在遗传搜索过程中改变变异算子的方向和概率,使变异算子可调,这样可以有效地消除遗传算法中的欺骗性条件,保持群体的多样性,使GA能顺利地收敛到全局最优解.     

Genetic forma recombination in permutation flowshop problems

This paper analyzes different representations for permutation flowshop problems. This is done using forma analysis to assess the quality of these representations with respect to makespan optimization. Classical recombination operators are studied and empirically evaluated in this context. It is shown that the best operators work on representations in which absolute positions of tasks are relevant. Subsequently, some new operators operating on these representations are proposed. These new operators are designed to exhibit specific properties regarding implicit mutation and forma transmission. Their performance is shown to be competitive with traditional operators.     

基于5G网络的通信基站建设与维护

Base stations is the deepening of the overall construction of wireless network. At the same time of large-scale 5G network construction and transformation, how to improve the operation and maintenance efficiency of wireless 5G network has become the primary problem for operators. This paper mainly analyzes some problems faced by operators in the process of construction and maintenance of 5G technology network: how to realize the pre-deployment of fast service opening, how to carry out the daily mainte- nance of base station, and puts forward the key points and countermeasures of network deployment and operation and maintenance, in order to provide some reference for operators of wireless network construction.     

Evolutionary programming using a mixed mutation strategy

Different mutation operators have been proposed in evolutionary programming, but for each operator there are some types of optimization problems that cannot be solved efficiently. A mixed strategy, integrating several mutation operators into a single algorithm, can overcome this problem. Inspired by evolutionary game theory, this paper presents a mixed strategy evolutionary programming algorithm that employs the Gaussian, Cauchy, Lévy, and single-point mutation operators. The novel algorithm is tested on a set of 22 benchmark problems. The results show that the mixed strategy performs equally well or better than the best of the four pure strategies does, for all of the benchmark problems.     

Set-valued collectively compact operators and applications to set-valued differential equations

Recent theorems on sequences of collectively compact operators which approximate the operator of a given fixed point problem are generalized to set-valued operators. By means of these theorems, not only an easy access to some recent results with respect to the numerical treatment of set-valued initial value problems (p. e. arising from initial value problems with discontinuous right-hand-side) can be given, but also an access to the numerical treatment of set-valued boundary value problems (p. e. arising from physical systems with constraints) is presented.     

Pythagorean fuzzy power aggregation operators in multiple attribute decision making

In this paper, we utilize power aggregation operators to develop some Pythagorean fuzzy power aggregation operators: Pythagorean fuzzy power average operator, Pythagorean fuzzy power geometric operator, Pythagorean fuzzy power weighted average operator, Pythagorean fuzzy power weighted geometric operator, Pythagorean fuzzy power ordered weighted average operator, Pythagorean fuzzy power ordered weighted geometric operator, Pythagorean fuzzy power hybrid average operator, and Pythagorean fuzzy power hybrid geometric operator. The prominent characteristic of these proposed operators are studied. Then, we have utilized these operators to develop some approaches to solve the Pythagorean fuzzy multiple attribute decision‐making problems. Finally, a practical example is given to verify the developed approach and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.     

Efficient Two-Sided Estimates for the Spectrum of Some Elliptic Operators

Using the principle of maximum, we establish the upper and lower bounds for the spectrum of some elliptic operators and their grid analogs. More accurate estimates of the spectrum of differential operators are obtained from the exact formulas for the error of the eigenvalues by the finite-difference method. Two-sided estimates of the eigenvalues of difference analogs of spectral problems give a majorant and a minorant for the error of the phase velocities of grid waves in vibration problems for various objects.

     

Prioritized Information Fusion Method for Triangular Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set and its Application to Teaching Quality Evaluation

In this article, we examine the issue of triangular intuitionistic fuzzy information fusion. We first propose some new triangular intuitionistic fuzzy aggregation operators based on the prioritized average operator, such as the triangular intuitionistic fuzzy prioritized weighted average and the triangular intuitionistic fuzzy prioritized weighted geometric operators. We study some desired properties of the proposed operators, such as idempotency, noncompensatory, and boundary. We then develop an approach to deal with group decision‐making problems under triangular intuitionistic fuzzy environments. Finally, a practical example about teaching quality evalution is provided to illustrate the group decision‐making process.