深层融合对称子空间学习稀疏特征提取模型*

提出深层融合对称子空间学习稀疏特征提取模型.在深度子空间基础上,引入对称性、稀疏性约束,通过构建深层映射网络,完成深层特征提取.首先根据最小化重构误差准则构建基本子空间模型,并在构建过程中加入对称性、稀疏性约束.然后对基本子空间模型进行深度化改造,得到深层对称稀疏子空间模型.最后将各个层特征进行融合编码,得到深层特征提取结果.在人脸数据库及目标数据库上的实验表明,文中算法可以取得较高识别率及较好光照、表情、人脸朝向的鲁棒性.相比卷积神经网络等深度学习框架,文中算法具有结构简洁、收敛速度快等优点.     

一种基于深度学习的混合推荐算法

推荐系统在电子商务的发展中发挥着越来越重要的作用,但用户对物品评分数据的稀疏性往往是推荐精度较低的重要原因。目前通常采用推荐技术对辅助信息进行处理,以缓解用户评价的稀疏性,并提高预测评分精度。 通过相关模型 ,可以利用文本数据来提取物品的隐藏特征。最近,深度学习算法快速发展, 因此文中选用了一种具有强大特征提取能力的新型深度网络架构——变分自编码器(Variational AutoEncoder,VAE) 。通过将无监督变分自编码融合到概率矩阵分解(Probability Matrix Factorization,PMF)中,构建了一种感知上下文的新型推荐模型——变分矩阵分解(Variational AutoEncoder Matrix Factorization,VAEMF)。首先使用TD-IDF对物品的评价文档进行数据预处理,然后对处理后的数据使用VAE捕获物品的上下文信息特征,最后使用概率矩阵分解进一步提高预测评分精度。在两个真实数据集上的实验结果验证了所提方法相较于自编码算法及概率矩阵分解算法的优势。     

基于深度神经网络的个性化混合商品推荐模型

针对推荐系统广泛采用的协同过滤算法存在的稀疏性和冷启动问题,提出了一种基于深度神经网络和动态协同滤波的推荐模型.该模型采用预训练BERT模型结合双向GRU从用户和商品评论中提取隐含特征向量,利用耦合CNN构建评分预测矩阵,通过动态协同滤波融入用户兴趣变化的时间特征.在亚马逊公开数据集上进行实验,结果表明该模型提高了商品评分预测的准确性.     

药物-靶点亲和力预测的全局特征提取策略

为有效解决药物靶点亲和力预测中单模型提取特征种类受限问题,结合深度学习混合模型,提出一种深度并行全局特征提取策略。利用卷积神经网络(CNN)和特征存储融合层构建局部特征提取器,实现药物靶点序列局部特征的多层次提取、存储与压缩;利用卷积神经网络(CNN)和双向长短时记忆(Bi LSTM)神经网络的串行混合模型构建上下文特征提取器,提取局部特征之间的上下文联系;将两种互补特征进行融合。该特征提取策略解决了单模型提取特征种类受限问题,缓解了数据集差异对特征提取效率的影响。实验结果表明,该特征提取策略有助于提升预测模型的预测性能。     

基于改进CNN的局部相似性预测推荐模型

为缓解推荐系统中数据稀疏性问题,利用卷积神经网络CNN具有较强捕捉局部特征能力的优势,通过加入一个调节层,提出一种改进CNN的局部相似性预测推荐模型LSPCNN。新模型对初始用户-项目评分矩阵进行迭代调整,使用户兴趣偏好局部特征化,再融合CNN对缺失评分进行预测,从而实施个性化推荐。实验结果表明,LSPCNN模型在不同数据稀疏度下的MAE值较传统推荐方法平均下降4%,有效缓解了数据稀疏性,提高了推荐系统的性能。     

基于注意力机制和EEGTCNet的运动想象分类

近年来，深度学习的发展为运动想象脑机接口的改进做出了巨大的贡献。同时，注意力机制的提出也给脑电的特征提取和分类提供了新方法。卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Networks,CNN）在感知全局依赖关系方面存在局限性，而Attention机制可以弥补这一局限性。基于此，提出将CNN和Attention相结合的方法。在EEGTCNet模型基础上添加Attention机制，并且利用BCI competition-Ⅳ 2a数据集进行实验。实验结果表明，EEGTCNet在运动想象四分类的准确率达到77.35%。     

基于中值滤波和残差网络的甲状腺结节检测

利用超声图像对甲状腺结节进行检测在医学诊断中具有至关重要的作用。针对传统机器学习方法处理过程中存在噪声复杂、特征提取困难等问题，提出一种基于中值滤波和深度学习残差网络的甲状腺超声图像结节检测方法。采用统计阈值中值滤波方法，提高结节边缘特征，实现超声图像自动增强；构建CNN6-Residual模型提取和筛选结节特征，使用跨层连接和残差学习降低网络训练难度。实验结果表明，该方法检测准确率达到97.03%，具有较高的临床应用价值。     

基于Lorentz函数的稀疏约束RBM模型的算法研究

受限玻尔兹曼机（Restricted Boltzmann Machine,RBM）是一种有效的特征提取算法,受视觉皮层稀疏表示的启发,人们试图将稀疏这一概念引入到RBM中,以期学习到原始数据的稀疏表示,提高其特征提取性能。将Lorentz函数引入到RBM中,作为RBM的稀疏约束正则项,构建基于Lorentz函数的稀疏约束RBM模型,将其称之为LRBM模型。对该模型的特征提取性能进行了可视化评价,同时对稀疏度和分类率进行了实验分析;最后将多个LRBM叠加,构造基于LRBM的深度置信网模型并分析该深度网络的性能。实验表明,LRBM模型有效地提取了数据集中的特征信息,在分类效果上较RBM平均提高了2%左右,增强了目标分类的可靠性。     

基于双通道卷积神经网络的航班延误预测模型

针对航班延误预测数据量大、特征提取困难而传统算法处理能力有限的问题,提出一种基于双通道卷积神经网络（DCNN）的航班延误预测模型。首先,该模型将航班数据和气象数据进行融合,应用DCNN进行自动特征提取,采用批归一化（BN）和Padding策略优化,提升到港延误等级的分类预测性能;然后,在卷积神经网络（CNN）基础上加入直通通道,以保证特征矩阵的无损传输,增强深度网络的畅通性;同时引入卷积衰减因子对卷积通道的特征矩阵进行稀疏性限制,控制不同网络深度的特征叠加比例,维持模型的稳定性。实验结果表明,所提模型与传统模型相比,具有更强的数据处理能力。通过数据融合,航班延误预测准确率可提高1个百分点;加深网络深度后,该模型能保证梯度的稳定,从而训练更深的网络,使准确率提升至92.1%。该基于DCNN算法的模型特征提取充分,预测性能优于对比模型,可更好地服务于民航决策。     

l1优化在网格去噪中的应用

目的 网格去噪是计算机图形学中的经典问题,而如何在去除噪声的同时保持网格的特征结构是这一研究方向所面临的最大挑战。方法 提出一种具有稀疏性的全局网格去噪方法,该方法源于信号处理理论中稀疏表示的基本思想,通过优化全局能量函数来去除网格模型的噪声,同时能够保持网格模型的特征结构。该方法共分为两个步骤,第1步为网格面法向量的滤波,首先建立全局优化模型,对噪声网格的面法向量进行滤波优化,其中引入l₁范数来保证解的稀疏性,使得优化后新的面法向量能够保持网格的特征结构;第2步为网格曲面的重建,根据第1步得到的新的面法向量,按照面法向量的定义,建立最小二乘意义下的网格顶点的重建模型,求解得到新的网格曲面。结果 由于该模型是全局方法,避免了现有滤波方法可能出现的不收敛等问题,能够取得比较满意的去噪效果。结论 大量实验结果表明,本文方法在去除噪声的同时,能较好地保持网格的特征结构,尤其对于CAD模型有很好的实验效果。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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