船舶概念设计阶段的多目标优化与决策

船舶概念设计阶段,需要初步给定多组船型参数方案并从中优选出客观合理的某一方案.以散货船为研究对象,建立了以船舶造价、单位排水量船体阻力、相对回转直径为目标的船舶概念设计优化数学模型;应用改进的非支配解排序的多目标进化算法求解船舶概念设计多目标问题以获得Pareto解集.分析了主观赋权和客观赋权的优劣,提出采用线性叠加在层次分析法、变异系数法这两种主观赋权和客观赋权方法间求取组合赋权向量,将组合向量与TOPSIS法结合对所求Pareto解集进行方案排序.优化决策结果表明,改进的非支配解排序的多目标进化算法DW=36000t散货船概念设计优化能获得多组综合性能优良的船型方案,基于线性叠加的组合赋权TOPSIS决策策略能给出客观、有效的方案序列.这种二阶段的综合方法也能推广应用于船舶优化与决策其他领域.     

求解批量流水线调度问题的离散差分进化算法

在研究机床加工的过程中,针对最小化E / T指标的批量流水线调度问题,为了提高工效,提出了一种离散差分进化算法.与传统的差分进化算法不同,离散差分进化算法采用基于工件排列的编码方式,并使用基于工件排列编码的变异和交叉操作.方法可以有效解决流水车间调度问题.为了进一步提高算法的优化性能,提出了一种自适应的多邻域局部搜索算法,并将其嵌入到离散差分进化算法中以增强其局部探测能力.仿真试验表明了所得算法在求解质量和求解效率两方面优于传统的研究成果.     

面向复杂产品的多层智能推理框架

案例推理是基于知识的问题求解方法.克服复杂产品进行单层案例推理所面临的粗粒度问题,考虑到复杂产品案例表达多层次的特点,根据领域知识和部件功能相似性,基于XML描述的部件层次互换约束规则,实现深层次的案例细节调整和修改,从而建立了多层智能推理方法框架,为多层次复杂产品案例推理问题提供可行的解决方案.并以某类复杂产品采办全生命周期中的概念设计为例说明多层智能推理框架问题求解的有效性和面向用户服务的支持效率.     

多进制概率角复合位编码量子进化算法

针对量子进化算法求解二进制编码问题比较有效,而求解多进制编码问题则比较困难的情况,本文提出了一种多进制概率角复合位编码量子进化算法.该算法将量子进化算法中量子位的概率幅表示法转化为复合位的概率角表示法,采用随机观测方法得到观测个体,采用概率角增减对个体进行更新.该算法适用于采用任意进制编码的问题.实验表明,与量子进化算法和传统遗传算法相比,多进制概率角复合位编码量子进化算法在适用范围、搜索能力和运算速度上具有较明显优势.     

语义特征建模系统中概念设计方案表示研究

为了提高概念设计的工作效率和设计水平,提出了一种基于语义表示法的概念设计方案的表示方法。这种方法通过语义表示法来表示模型中的特征,通过细胞元模型来管理模型数据,通过语义面将特征和设计方案表示成为具有n个语义输入和m个语义输出的黑盒,通过语义依赖图建立产品模型与特征之间的组织关系,通过力传递的方法来简化概念设计方案的推理过程。该方法不仅可以大大提高概念设计问题的求解速度,还可以为设计者提供更丰富的概念设计方案。实验证明该算法具有广泛的应用前景和实用价值。     

基于入侵杂草蝙蝠双子群优化的装备保障编组协同任务规划

针对装备保障编组协同任务规划问题,构建以时效优先为目标,考虑保障任务时序逻辑关系、任务执行质量和保障编组占用冲突等复杂约束以及保障编组能力更新机制的数学模型,提出一种基于入侵杂草蝙蝠混合算法的双子群任务规划方法.首先,采用佳点集初始化方法,在解空间生成具有均匀分布特征的种群;其次,设计具有修复操作的解编码和任务优先排序,实现任务-编组-时间的匹配和冲突消解;再次,划分双子群,利用入侵杂草优化算法和Fuch混沌蝙蝠优化算法协同进化;最后,应用重组算子引导种群进化,均衡算法全局探索和局部搜索能力.仿真算例表明,所提方法可对大规模复杂任务分配方案进行精确高效的求解.     

基于果蝇优化算法的多工位装配序列规划

为同时解决产品装配序列规划和多工位分配问题,提出一种面向复杂产品的基于果蝇优化算法的多工位装配序列规划方法。首先,基于果蝇优化算法设计了针对求解序列的编码体系;其次,采用多子种群并行搜索模式,重新设计了果蝇优化算法的搜索过程;然后,为了综合考虑多工位上相关装配操作成本的影响,提出了新的适应度函数表达式,并将适应度函数与优先序列矩阵结合起来对进化过程进行引导,实现了对产品装配序列和工位分配顺序的优化;最后,以飞机起落架为例,验证了所提方法在解决多目标优化问题方面的有效性。     

基于云模型的实数编码量子进化算法

针对量子进化算法易陷入局部最优和求解精度不高的缺点,利用云模型具有随机性和稳定倾向性的特点,提出了一种基于云模型的实数编码量子进化算法。该算法利用单维云变异进行全局快速搜索,利用多维云进化增强算法局部搜索能力,探索全局最优解。依据算法的进化过程动态调整搜索范围并复位染色体,可以加提高敛速度,并防止陷入局部最优。仿真结果表明,该算法搜索精度和效率得到提高,适合求解复杂函数优化问题。     

复杂参数产品形态设计中的解空间降维方法

针对产品形态设计中评价标准的模糊性问题,探索了智能化设计方法中的操作性技术.基于产品的形态编码,采用参数权重集中曲线的噪声度自动评测方式对解空间进行降维处理,并对产品形态编码分级.在降维后的系列解空间中使用交互式遗传算法搜索最优方案,并逐级完成形态的细化设计.文中方法从用户交互选择信息中提取出各参数对产品形态的重要性等级,作为细化设计过程的依据.求解过程全部基于解码的形态方案进行,为设计师的工作提供了直观的界面.     

求解多处理器任务调度问题的改进差分进化算法

针对多处理器系统任务调度复杂问题, 在自适应差分进化算法基础上增加惯性速度分项, 提出一种称为惯性速度差分进化(IVDE) 的改进算法, 以避免陷入局部最优解. 结合启发式任务列表, 对算法的状态编码提出了处理器列表(PL)、部分偏序任务列表(PTL) 和全部任务列表(CTL) 等3 种形式. 通过求解随机生成的任务调度标准图和真实求解任务问题, 进行了数值仿真验证, 其中PTL-IVDE 算法相比蚁群优化(ACO) 算法、混合遗传算法(TLPLC-GA), 能快速求得更好的任务调度方案.

     

A smart conflict resolution model using multi-layer knowledge graph for conceptual design

Reducing the impact of conflicts on requirement-function-structure mapping in the early stage of product design is an important measure to achieve conceptual innovation, which relies on accurate reasoning of multi-domain knowledge. As product requirements become more personalized and diverse, traditional discrete knowledge organization and reasoning methods are difficult to adapt to the challenges of continuity and precision in conceptual solution. Knowledge graphs with complex networks have obvious advantages in association detection, knowledge visualization, and explainable reasoning of implicit knowledge, which offer innovative opportunities for conflict resolution in conceptual design. Therefore, a smart conflict resolution model using a multi-layer Knowledge Graph for Conceptual Design(mKGCD) is proposed in this study. A knowledge expression form of FBS-oriented design patent vocabulary is proposed, which is used for knowledge entity recognition and relation extraction based on natural language processing. A label mapping method based on inventive principles is used for patent classification and a four-layer semantic network for conflict resolution is constructed. Through semantic distance calculation, the designer's requirements for function/behavior/structure are smart deployed to obtain appropriate knowledge. A case study of the conceptual design of a collapsible installation and handling equipment demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed approach. The proposed method can not only meet the functional solution and innovation in the context of different design requirements, but also effectively improve the design efficiency in the iterative design process by means of multiple meanings of one graph.     

面向复杂装备精密产品质量特性的Kriging-RBDO可靠性优化设计

不确定设计参数情形下的复杂装备柔顺机构精密产品质量特性波动与可靠性疲劳退化是精密微机电系统领域的基础性工程难题.针对这一基础性工程难题,提出一种面向复杂装备柔顺机构精密产品可靠性优化设计模型.利用拉丁超立方试验设计(Latin hypercube design,LHD)构建试验设计组合方案,通过有限元数值模拟获取各试验设计组合方案的质量特性值.据此,采用Kriging代理模型建立质量特性与不确定设计参数之间复杂非线性函数关系模型.在此基础上,引入基于可靠性优化设计(Reliability-based design optimization,RBDO)策略,构建面向复杂装备柔顺机构精密产品Kriging-RBDO可靠性优化设计模型.算例表明,所提出的方法在不确定设计参数情形下的复杂装备柔顺机构精密产品早期质量设计方面具有良好的抗疲劳退化特性.     

基于产品动态模型的智能快速响应设计理论和方法研究

文中将产品动态模型应用于快速响应变型设计中,研究了快速响应变型设计智能化理论和方法,提出了采用规则推理和实例推理相结合的混合推理策略;并针对设计的过程性,将变型设计分为概念变型设计、装配变型设计和产品定义变型设计;最后分析了基于产品动态模型的智能变型设计过程。     

A digital twin-based multidisciplinary collaborative design approach for complex engineering product development

With the ever-increasing demand for personalized product functions, product structure becomes more and more complex. To design a complex engineering product, it involves mechanical, electrical, automation and other relevant fields, which requires a closer multidisciplinary collaborative design (MCD) and integration. However, the traditional design method lacks multidisciplinary coordination, which leads to interaction barriers between design stages and disconnection between product design and prototype manufacturing. To bridge the gap, a novel digital twin-enabled MCD approach is proposed. Firstly, the paper explores how to converge the MCD into the digital design process of complex engineering products in a cyber-physical system manner. The multidisciplinary collaborative design is divided into three parts: multidisciplinary knowledge collaboration, multidisciplinary collaborative modeling and multidisciplinary collaborative simulation, and the realization methods are proposed for each part. To be able to describe the complex product in a virtual environment, a systematic MCD framework based on the digital twin is further constructed. Integrate multidisciplinary collaboration into three stages: conceptual design, detailed design and virtual verification. The ability to verify and revise problems arising from multidisciplinary fusions in real-time minimizes the number of iterations and costs in the design process. Meanwhile, it provides a reference value for complex product design. Finally, a design case of an automatic cutting machine is conducted to reveal the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Supporting resilient conceptual design using functional decomposition and conflict resolution

Concept generation plays a critical role in product design especially in the early design phase when functional requirements are either uncertain or partially known. To cope with the uncertainty imposed by the varying work environment, resilient design has often been called upon to leverage system capacity from the perspective of functional requirements. While the resilient design has been advanced recently, how to design a resilient product structure so to accommodate more functional requirements at the conceptual design phase remains challenging. To tackle this issue, we propose a methodology to support resilient conceptual design using functional decomposition and conflict resolution. To reduce the impact imposed by potential issues and uncertain environments, the overall system functional requirements are defined based on five principles of resilient design. The redundant conceptual scheme that meets functional requirements is given resilience through functional decomposition and conflict resolution. A case study of the conceptual design of a hard rock coring structure present to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. The results yielded have suggested that the proposed approach can not only support resilient conceptual design, but also leverage design reliability and robustness under uncertainty, especially in terms of varying work environments.     

Product form design using customer perception evaluation by a combined superellipse fitting and ANN approach

Product aesthetics plays an important role in new product design and development. Product form can deliver product images and affect customer’s impression to a product. However, it is usually difficult to apply conventional approaches to represent the product form precisely and effectively for modeling the relationship between product image and customer perception. The objective of this work is to develop a computational technique for product aesthetics design so that customer perception can be taken into product form design in a more systematic and intelligent manner. To achieve this aim, a novel parametric approach is proposed to introduce design parameters such as line, size, and ratio into product design model and the technique of generalized superellipse fitting is adopted to describe the outline pattern of a product. Since customer perception on a product is highly non-linear and very difficult to be described by any traditional mathematical approaches, an artificial neural network (ANN) model is therefore established to relate the design parameters and the perceptual values for the design of a new product. A case study of mobile phone design, in which twelve numerical parameters are defined for the conceptual model, has been conducted to explain the implementation of the proposed approach. A three-layered perceptron ANN model is developed to predict the perceptual values of stylishness based on a survey using 32 mobile phone samples. The results of the case study illustrate that the proposed approach can successfully generate an optimum design of a mobile phone by applying a genetic algorithm (GA) on the trained ANN model.     

协同产品开发中的产品模型轻量化技术

针对网络环境下协同产品开发中复杂产品模型数据交换、远程传输困难等瓶颈问题。提出一种复杂产品模型数据轻量化算法．该算法基于非几何信息过滤，曲线、曲面简化，通用压缩算法数据压缩等步骤对初始产品模型进行简化．文中算法已应用于协同交互系统InteView2.0中．在相同逼近精度下，轻量化后的模型比原系统输出的VRML格式文件具有更高的压缩比．     

Representation of functional micro-knowledge cell (FMKC) for conceptual design

The conceptual design process of a complex product concerns multidisciplinary design knowledge. This paper presents an approach of consistent knowledge representation for conceptual design. Firstly, the concept of functional micro-knowledge cell (FMKC) is presented, and the knowledge representation approach of FMKC is proposed. In the function layer, the functional ontology is used to provide a rich vocabulary. By constructing the mapping relationships between the function and structure layer, a systematic knowledge representation scheme is obtained. Secondly, the functional knowledge decomposition theory is proposed to unify the resolution of knowledge representation. Finally, the FMKC is applied to a hydraulic cylinder, which demonstrates the possibility in representing the multidisciplinary knowledge for conceptual design with a unified systematic representation scheme. In addition, the FMKC can be used in knowledge fusion and design reuse for our further study.     

一种面向软件产品概念设计的CSCW模型

随着计算机和网络技术的发展,各种CSCW模型和技术先后被提出,来满足各行业产品和概念设计的复杂工作需求。软件产品的概念设计作为一项复杂的工作和业务流程,对CSCW系统的需求也越来越高。文中针对软件产品概念设计的特殊性质,提出一种新的CSCW软件产品概念设计模型,并且对其中包含的冲突检测和协调机制进行了详细的设计和优化。使用基于Java平台的相关技术对模型主要功能架构和冲突协调过程进行了仿真。实验表明,文中提出的模型具有更加简洁和高效的复杂冲突解决能力和用户交互能力。