一种混合的单图像去运动模糊方法

图像的盲恢复一直是数字图像处理领域的难点,对运动模糊图像的复原进行研究,提出了一种混合的单图像去运动模糊方法。首先估计PSF,然后利用PSF和原始模糊图像评估潜像,并对边缘恢复、模糊核估计和反卷积进行多次迭代,采用自适应非盲反卷积方法得到高质量的去模糊图像。最后,与维纳滤波、露西-理查德森这两种经典算法的实验效果进行比较。实验结果表明,本算法保持细节的能力强,去模糊效果更好。     

基于LMS自适应算法的图像去模糊研究

传统单幅图像去模糊方法需要稀疏先验约束,导致计算量较大。为此,在自适应最小均方误差(LMS)算法的基础上,提出一种点扩散函数(PSF)估计方法。利用模糊图像得到有效突出边缘,作为自适应滤波器的输入信号,并将模糊图像作为滤波器的期望信号,用以估计PSF。在非盲去卷积过程中,采用各项异性正规化方法对清晰图像进行约束,以减少恢复图像的振铃效应。实验结果表明,该方法不需要先验约束,对运动和非运动模糊图像均可适用,在保留图像细节的同时能抑制平滑区域的噪声。     

基于相机运动子空间的人脸图像非均匀去模糊

由于在相机拍摄的人脸中往往会存在较大的模糊,为了有效去除人脸图像的抖动模糊,提出一种基于非均匀去模糊与人脸特殊属性相结合的人脸图像去模糊方法。首先研究非均匀去模糊的原理,并提出通过约束相机运动子空间的方法来估计出相机与人脸之间的相对运动路径。再根据人脸的特殊属性,通过对清晰人脸训练得到一组清晰的人脸字典,建立人脸的先验知识。最后利用得到的非均匀模糊核和人脸字典对模糊人脸图像进行去卷积。实验结果表明,提出的方法相对于现有的去模糊算法可以得到更清晰的人脸图像,对后续的人脸识别有很大的辅助作用。     

相机阵列多视角图像盲去模糊方法

提出了一种基于正则化方法的多视角盲去模糊方法,对相机阵列拍摄的一系列初始模糊图像进行图像恢复处理.该方法分为3个步骤:首先,基于光流算法对多个镜头获取的同一场景图像进行配准;然后,将配准图像运用多图盲去模糊算法估计出各自的模糊核;最后,根据估计出的模糊核采用非盲去模糊算法准确估计出各自的清晰图像.实验结果表明:相比对每一视角图像单独使用单图盲去模糊算法进行处理,多视角盲去模糊方法对噪声具有良好的鲁棒性;应用于自己构建的相机阵列系统拍摄的多视角图像,该方法在2种无参考图像指标NIQE和SSEQ下分别提高了4.20%和55.60%.     

基于深度编码–解码器的图像模糊核估计

在图像去模糊问题中,显著边缘结构对图像的模糊核估计具有重要的作用.本文提出一种基于深度编码-解码器的图像模糊核估计算法.首先,通过构建训练数据集对深度编码-解码器进行训练,进而自适应地获得模糊图像的显著边缘结构;接着,结合显著边缘结构和模糊图像,利用L2范数正则化对模糊核进行估计;最后,利用超拉普拉斯先验和所估计的模糊核对清晰图像进行估计.与传统的方法相比,所提出的方法不需要多尺度迭代框架.实验结果表明,所提出的算法在获得较好的显著边缘结构以及清晰图像的同时,能够减少算法计算的时间.     

基于运动检测的图像去模糊算法

针对相机曝光期间,由于相机和被拍摄物体之间存在相对运动而产生的图像模糊的问题,提出一种基于运动检测的图像去模糊算法。本算法根据相机成像的数学模型,推导出模糊核的参数（长度和方向）与相对运动之间的定量关系,通过维纳滤波对图像进行滤波去模糊。通过实验,可以观察到滤波过后的图像在细节上更加清晰,表明本方法能够一定程度上地去除模糊。     

基于非均匀模糊核的RL改进算法

针对传统均匀模糊模型下的Richardson Lucy（RL）算法存在振铃效应和细节丢失等问题,提出了一种基于非均匀模糊模型下的改进RL算法。基于Yu-Wing的射影运动模糊模型,通过在迭代过程中采用基于局部极值分解的方法提取含有图像结构但无振铃的边缘图像,将模糊图像和上述提取的边缘图像作为输入图像,用添加了局部先验项的RL法对输入图像进行去模糊。实验验证了算法抑制振铃效应的有效性,同时很好地保留了图像细节,表明非均匀模糊模型在相机抖动产生的模糊图像去模糊中更为有效。     

基于正则化方法的图像盲去模糊

针对标准化稀疏先验的正则化方法估计复杂模糊核时的不准确性, 引入图像的预处理, 提出了一种图像盲去模糊的新方法。该方法将图像盲去模糊分为三个步骤：利用双边滤波器和冲击滤波器对图像进行预处理, 使得图像的噪声降低、边缘突出, 有利于模糊核的估计; 对预处理后的图像, 利用基于标准化稀疏先验的正则化方法估计模糊核; 根据估计出的模糊核利用TV正则化方法对图像进行非盲去卷积。采用快速迭代收缩阈值算法和快速总变分图像复原算法分别求解模糊核估计模型和图像非盲去卷积模型。实验结果表明, 针对单幅模糊图像, 该方法可以估计出准确的模糊核, 对噪声具有鲁棒性, 并且提高了图像复原速度, 具有较好的图像恢复效果。     

分区域去运动模糊

去运动模糊一直是计算机视觉领域中面向画质增强的一个热点研究方向。模糊核的估算是去运动模糊中的关键问题。提出一种新的思路,即首先将模糊图像按照模糊核的相似度进行图像分割,再对分割后的图像应用空间不变去模糊算法。本文方法主要包含以下几个步骤:分离输入图像中的光照、颜色和纹理信息;分割图像;分区域估算模糊核,计算重叠区域模糊核,并根据计算出的模糊核进行分区域单核去模糊;利用重叠区域整合拼接去模糊结果并还原光照和颜色信息。实验结果表明本文方法比基于单核的去运动模糊算法效果要好。     

基于TVGA正则化的室内运动模糊图像恢复

针对室内环境下相机曝光时间长,被摄目标相对相机运动会产生图像模糊的问题,以室内服务移动机器人为研究背景,提出了一种基于Topkis-Veinott梯度法(TVGA)正则化运动的模糊图像恢复方法。此算法首先采用方向导数法估计出运动模糊方向,同时将图像运动模糊方向旋转至水平轴;然后采用自相关函数平均法确定运动模糊长度,并算出运动模糊点扩展函数(PSF);最后采用改进的TVGA最优化正则参数,进而恢复原始图像。与经典的Wiener法和两种正则化恢复方法进行的比较结果表明,用TVGA法正则化恢复的图像效果较好,不仅较接近原始图像,且易于实现。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.