MAS在集装箱港口决策支持系统中应用研究

针对集装箱港口物流运作系统的动态性、随机性、分治性和复杂性的特点,建立了以多Agent技术为核心的集装箱港口生产调度系统,以促进集装箱码头各个子系统之间的相互协调,提高集装箱码头设备利用率和码头年吞吐量。系统基于J2EE平台,采用B/S多层架构技术和MVC开发模式。通过在某港口的试运行,表明该系统具有良好的可管理性、可扩展性和可维护性,为集装箱港口物流运作管理提供了良好的技术支持。     

集装箱港口集群下多港口多泊位联合调度方法

目前对港口和泊位的调度研究尚停留在单港口多泊位,而在集装箱港口集群条件下对多港口多泊位实行船舶的联合调度可以充分实现港口资源的优化配置。为了充分利用港口资源,实现船舶在港时间最短,且服从船公司运输成本最低的目的,建立了集装箱港口集群下多港口多泊位联合调度的多目标非线性决策模型,并按照模型决策空间所具有的特殊条件,设计了改进的遗传启发式算法,结果表明船舶靠泊成本大幅降低,港口利用率大幅提高。通过大量真实和随机算例验证了算法的有效性和稳定性,证明了模型和算法实用有效。     

全数字摄影测量技术在莫高窟崖面保护中的应用

随着计算机技术和测绘技术的不断发展,摄影测量发展到了全数字摄影测量阶段。作为摄影测量学的一门分支学科--近景摄影测量在建筑物的变形观测,动态监测、文物保护等工作中起着很重要的作用。通过对敦煌莫高窟崖面进行数字近景摄影测量,着重介绍利用全数字近景摄影测量技术获取大范围复杂地貌崖面的高精度立面地理空间数据的方法及在文物的维护、修复中的应用。     

重庆港骨干集装箱码头联动调度的动态模拟

多港口联合调度在我国还处于研究上的空白状态。考虑到港离港时间、满空箱量、泊位吨数等方面的因素,设计了重庆港多港口集装箱码头联动调度的原则和策略,建立了联动调度的数学模型,定义了目标函数和相应的约束条件,并实现了调度计划的动态模拟和仿真测试。     

数字摄影测量技术与数字地球空间数据框架的建设

数字地球的构建与数字摄影测量、遥感、全球定位系统、地理信息系统、计算机、宽带网络、多维虚拟现实等新技术有着紧密的联系,数字摄影测量已成为构建数字地球提供空间数据框架的一种不可或缺的技术手段。基于数字地球的发展需求,结合数字摄影测量技术优势和最新发展,着重阐述了数字摄影测量在数字地球空间框架的建设中的作用。随着数字地球发展的深化,数字摄影测量将显示着愈来愈重要的作用。
     

集装箱码头场桥协同调度研究

针对集装箱港口场桥调度过程中场桥移动路径具有冲突性的特点,提出了将集中决策和多agent建模相结合的优化方法,充分发挥集中决策的高效性和多agent建模的灵活性。通过数值实验和以往的调度方法进行了比较,结果显示得到的调度结果具有良好的可行性。     

基于蚁群算法的泊位调度问题

在集装箱港口的运作中,泊位调试系统是制约集装箱港口降低船舶在港时间和运营成本的主要瓶颈之一。泊位调度的目标就是确定集装箱港口船舶的停靠泊位和停泊时间。将码头看成离散泊位的集合,以船舶的在港时间最短为目标,应用蚁群算法对该问题进行优经研究,在满足各种约束条件的基础上,充分的利用好码头资源。利用蚁群算法的正反馈和并行搜索特点提高解的质量2和稳定性,通过对某集装箱码头的案例分析,说明该算法的有效性和实用性。     

基于Internet的港口无线数字通信系统

为将港口移动机械设备的工作状况实时反馈到生产调度和管理中心,构建信息管理和决策系统,无线数字通信是必然的途径。论文分析了无线数字通信的三种基本方式、无线网络系统的类型和基于Internet无线数字通信,以深圳某港口集装箱公司为依托,设计了基于400MHz的港口无线数字通信系统,对其硬件和软件的设计进行了详细的讨论,通过实际应用该系统解决了上位集装箱管理系统数据信息与现场作业信息协调统一的问题,实现了集装箱管理系统数据信息的实时性和准确性,大大提高了港口企业的生产效率和经济效益。     

计算机视觉技术在地理信息系统中的应用

目前,地理信息系统领域中的数字摄影测量和遥感特征目标识别主要是侧重于测绘技术与理论,而较少考虑计算机视觉技术理论,因而本文从计算机视觉技术角度出发,主张在地理信息系统领域里引入计算机视觉技术理论。本文主要介绍了计算机视觉技术在地理信息系统领域的数字摄影测量和遥感特征目标识别中的应用,并论述了他们所采用的与计算机视觉领域相关的一些关键技术,最后本文又着重论述了计算机视觉技术在数字摄影测量和遥感特征目标识别应用中所存在的问题以及它们今后的发展趋势。     

数字孪生水下三维实景数据底板获取技术研究

为了获取高精度的水下三维模型细节纹理结构,满足数字孪生建设对水下三维实景数据底板获取的需求,实现对水下构筑物的实时可视化动态监测,基于GNSS技术、USBL技术研究构建了水陆一体化定位技术,融合水陆一体化定位技术、有缆ROV和水下摄影测量设备等研发了水下摄影测量系统,实现了数字孪生水下三维实景数据底板的获取,并采用多波束测深系统、水下三维全景成像声纳系统等对水下摄影测量系统获取的三维实景模型数据成果精度进行了验证,结果表明：水下摄影测量系统获取的三维实景模型精度满足规范要求,可用于数字孪生流域、工程等水下基础数据底板的建设,也可为水下高精度三维场景重构再现和水利工程水下构筑物实时动态监测提供技术支撑。     

动态环境下集装箱码头堆场出口箱箱位分配建模与算法研究

箱位分配是集装箱码头运作优化管理的关键问题.针对出口箱交箱时间的动态不确定性,提出两级调度策略,将出口箱位分配问题分解为贝位分配和贝内具体箱位分配,分别建立规划模型优化龙门吊大车行使距离和翻箱量,并针对两级调度策略特点分别设计开发基于禁忌搜索的求解算法.模拟实验表明,所提出的方法能够适应动态条件变化,改善调度效果,并在合理时间内获得满意解.     

不确定环境下的岸桥集卡协调调度耦合模型建立与求解

集装箱码头系统是一个由多个子系统组成的复杂的生产系统,系统内资源的调度也是非线性的复杂问题,同时涉及多种多样的不确定性因素。从不确定性的角度出发,主要考虑码头装卸设备运行参数的概率分布,研究岸桥和集卡之间的协调调度问题。采用多学科变量耦合优化设计的方法,同时考虑了集装箱任务的时间窗约束,分别建立集卡分派子模型和集卡配置子模型。并将完工时刻和集卡数量作为公用设计变量连接两个子模型,建立了协调调度耦合模型。选取上海港某码头的数据编写算例,在Visual Studio 2012环境下调用Gurobi4.0求解该耦合模型,反复迭代计算后得出最优的集卡分派方案相对于最初的调度方案,总延误时间成本下降了90.69%,集卡数量下降了30.76%,验证了本模型的有效性和实用性。     

Quay crane and yard truck dual-cycle scheduling with mixed storage strategy

In order to enhance the efficiency of port operations, the scheduling problem of the quay cranes and yard trucks is crucial. Conventional port operation mode lacks optimization research on efficiency of port handling operation, yard truck scheduling, and container storage location. To make quay crane operations and horizontal transportation more efficient, this study uses a dual-cycle strategy to focus on a quay crane and yard truck scheduling problem in conjunction with a mixed storage strategy. A dispatching plan for yard trucks is considered, as well as the storage location of inbound containers. Based on the above factors, a mixed-integer programming model is formulated to minimize vessels’ berth time for completing all tasks. The proposed model is solved using a particle swarm optimization-based algorithm. Validation of the proposed model and algorithm is conducted through numerical experiments. Additionally, some managerial implications which may be potentially useful for port operators are obtained.     

集装箱码头装卸作业的调度控制模型及算法设计

对集装箱码头上装卸作业的调度控制直接影响码头的整体运营效率．本文研究了集装箱码头装卸作业的调度控制问题,提出了一个基于柔性化flow shop的集成化控制模型．该问题具有非线性规划(NP：non- polynomial)难度,因此本文开发设计了两类基于优先级规则的启发式调度算法．利用该模型来对码头中多种装卸设备进行总体调度可以提高设备之间的协调性,提高码头效率,降低成本．实验研究证明算法能有效地解决该问题．     

Dynamic rolling strategy for multi-vessel quay crane scheduling

This paper focuses on the container loading and unloading problem with dynamic ship arrival times. Using a determined berth plan, in combination with the reality of a container terminal production scheduling environment, this paper proposes a scheduling method for quay cranes that can be used for multiple vessels in a container terminal, based on a dynamic rolling-horizon strategy. The goal of this method is to minimize the operation time of all ships at port and obtain operation equilibrium of quay cranes by establishing a mathematical model and using a genetic algorithm to solve the model. Numerical simulations are applied to calculate the optimal loading and unloading order and the completion time of container tasks on a ship. By comparing this result with the traditional method of quay crane loading and unloading, the paper verifies that the quay crane scheduling method for multiple vessels based on a dynamic rolling-horizon strategy can provide a positive contribution to improve the efficiency of container terminal quay crane loading and unloading and reduce resource wastage.     

Dynamic Scheduling and Path Planning of Automated Guided Vehicles in Automatic Container Terminal

The uninterrupted operation of the quay crane (QC) ensures that the large container ship can depart port within laytime, which effectively reduces the handling cost for the container terminal and ship owners. The QC waiting caused by automated guided vehicles (AGVs) delay in the uncertain environment can be alleviated by dynamic scheduling optimization. A dynamic scheduling process is introduced in this paper to solve the AGV scheduling and path planning problems, in which the scheduling scheme determines the starting and ending nodes of paths, and the choice of paths between nodes affects the scheduling of subsequent AGVs. This work proposes a two-stage mixed integer optimization model to minimize the transportation cost of AGVs under the constraint of laytime. A dynamic optimization algorithm, including the improved rule-based heuristic algorithm and the integration of the Dijkstra algorithm and the Q-Learning algorithm, is designed to solve the optimal AGV scheduling and path schemes. A new conflict avoidance strategy based on graph theory is also proposed to reduce the probability of path conflicts between AGVs. Numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm over existing methods.      

A simulation optimization method for internal trucks sharing assignment among multiple container terminals

Owing that the internal trucks (ITs) are frequently used as transportation equipments between yards and quaysides, the transportation efficiency of ITs secures a crucial position in container terminal productivity. Hence, a container terminal cannot contain a big number of ITs. As such, it is an imperative to explore an appropriate IT assignment strategy. Specifically for those container terminals with adjacent locations, an approach to sharing internal trucks among multiple container terminals (SIMT) is investigated. In this study, a novel strategy to resolve the SIMT problem was proposed for a specific large port with multiple adjacent container terminals. Firstly, an illustration of the SIMT strategy was presented. Then, an integer programming model for this problem is developed, where the objective functions are subject to the minimization of the total overflowed workloads and total transferring costs in every time-period among these container terminals. In particular, the rolling-horizon approach is employed for considering the immediate scheduling. Furthermore, a simulation optimization method, which integrates the genetic algorithm (GA) searching and simulation, is proposed for the near optimal solutions. Finally, the computational experiments are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed SIMT strategy and simulation optimization method.     

混堆集装箱箱区内场桥调度模型与算法

在混堆模式下的集装箱港口中,场桥（YC）调度是否合理直接影响着堆场的作业效率。考虑到混堆箱区内各任务对应的内集卡或外集卡到达时刻的不同,以及内外集卡优先级别的差异,构建了一个以所有集卡的等待成本和场桥的总移动成本最小为目标的场桥调度（YCS）模型,并设计了对应的遗传算法,给出了相应遗传算子的操作规则,通过算例的求解验证了模型与算法的有效性。     

Bayesian network construction from event log for lateness analysis in port logistics

The handling of containers in port logistics consists of several activities, such as discharging, loading, gate-in and gate-out, among others. These activities are carried out using various equipment including quay cranes, yard cranes, trucks, and other related machinery. The high inter-dependency among activities and equipment on various factors often puts successive activities off schedule in real-time, leading to undesirable activity down time and the delay of activities. A late container process, in other words, can negatively affect the scheduling of the following ones. The purpose of the study is to analyze the lateness probability using a Bayesian network by considering various factors in container handling. We propose a method to generate a Bayesian network from a process model which can be discovered from event logs in port information systems. In the network, we can infer the activities’ lateness probabilities and, sequentially, provide to port managers recommendations for improving existing activities.