Stabilization by forwarding design for switched feedforward systems with unstable modes

The problem of global stabilization is investigated for a class of switched nonlinear feedforward systems in this paper where the solvability of the stabilization problem for individual subsystem is not assumed. Some sufficient condition for the stabilization problem to be solvable is derived for the first time by exploiting the multiple Lyapunov functions method and the forwarding technique. Also, we design a switching law and construct bounded state feedback controllers of subsystems explicitly by a recursive design algorithm to achieve global asymptotic stability. The provided technique permits removal of a common restriction in which all subsystems in switched nonlinear feedforward systems are globally asymptotically stable. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the theoretical result. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Global finite-time stabilisation of a class of switched nonlinear systems

This paper is concerned with the global finite-time stabilisation problem for a class of switched nonlinear systems under arbitrary switchings. All subsystems of the studied switched system under consideration are in lower triangular form. Based on the adding one power integrator technique, both a class of non-Lipschitz continuous state feedback controllers and a common Lyapunov function are simultaneously constructed such that the closed-loop switched system is global finite-time stable under arbitrary switchings. In the controller design process, a common coordinate transformation of all subsystems is exploited to avoid using individual coordinate transformations for subsystems. Finally, two examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Adaptive control for a class of high‐order switched nonlinearly parameterized systems

The problem of adaptive stabilization is studied for a class of high‐order switched nonlinearly parameterized systems; none of subsystems is assumed to be adaptively stabilizable. By exploiting the multiple Lyapunov functions method and the adding a power integrator technique, a switched adaptive control technique is set up. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the conservativeness caused by adoption of a common update law for all subsystems, different update laws of individual subsystems are designed. Also, we simultaneously construct a switching law and adaptive state‐feedback controllers of subsystems to achieve global stability in the sense of Lyapunov of the closed‐loop system and global asymptotic regulation of the system states. Two examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Quasi-finite-time control for high-order nonlinear systems with mismatched disturbances via mapping filtered forwarding technique

In this study, a quasi-finite-time control method for designing stabilising control laws is developed for high-order strict-feedback nonlinear systems with mismatched disturbances. By using mapping filtered forwarding technique, a virtual control is designed to force the off-the-manifold coordinate to converge to zero in quasi-finite time at each step of the design; at the same time, the manifold is rendered insensitive to time-varying, bounded and unknown disturbances. In terms of standard forwarding methodology, the algorithm proposed here not only does not require the Lyapunov function for controller design, but also avoids to calculate the derivative of sign function. As far as the dynamic performance of closed-loop systems is concerned, we essentially obtain the finite-time performances, which is typically reflected in the following aspects: fast and accurate responses, high tracking precision, and robust disturbance rejection. Spring, mass, and damper system and flexible joints robot are tested to demonstrate the proposed controller performance.     

Stabilization of state‐constrained switched nonlinear systems in p‐normal form

This paper is concerned with the stabilization problem for a class of state‐constrained switched nonlinear system in p‐normal form in a domain. A key point in the backstepping design procedure is to find a common stabilizing function at each step. A barrier Lyapunov function, which grows to infinity when its arguments approach some limits, is introduced to ensure that the state constraint is not violated at any time. Bounded state feedback controllers of individual subsystems and a common Lyapunov function are explicitly constructed to asymptotically stabilize the closed‐loop system under arbitrary switchings. An example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stability analysis of interconnected systems with possibly unstable subsystems

A direct method is presented for stability analysis of nonlinear interconnected dynamical systems. A new scalar Lyapunov function is considered as weighted sum of individual Lyapunov functions for each free subsystem and individual scalar functions related separately to each connection. Sufficient conditions are obtained for asymptotic stability of the equilibrium state by testing the definity of two constant square matrices whose dimension is equal to the number of subsystems. This method can assure stability of systems with possible unstable subsystems. A simple numerical example is included to illustrate this theory.     

Full state constraints-based adaptive control for switched nonlinear pure-feedback systems

This paper investigates the problem of full state constraints-based adaptive control for a class of switched nonlinear pure-feedback systems under arbitrary switchings. First, the switched pure-feedback system is transformed into a switched strict-feedback system with non-affine terms based on the mean value theorem. Then, by exploiting the common Lyapunov function (CLF) method, the Barrier Lyapunov function method and backstepping, state feedback controllers of individual subsystems and a common Barrier Lyapunov function (CBLF) are constructed, which guarantee that all signals in the closed-loop system are global uniformly bounded under arbitrary switchings, and full state constraints are not violated. Furthermore, the tracking error can converge to a bounded compact set. Two examples, which include a single-link robot as a practical example, are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.     

Global stabilisation of switched nonlinear systems in p-normal form with mixed odd and even powers

This article investigates the problem of global stabilisation for a class of switched nonlinear systems in p-normal form whose subsystems are not assumed to be asymptotically stabilisable. Unlike the existing results on systems in p-normal form where the power order is only positive odd integer, we allow positive even integer of the power order. Using the convex combination method and the adding a power integrator technique, we construct a switching law and design state-feedback controllers of individual subsystems explicitly by a recursive design algorithm to guarantee asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system. The designed method is also extended to the global stabilisation problem of switched nonlinear systems in p-normal form with zero-dynamics. As an application of the proposed design method, a continuously stirred tank reactor is studied.     

Finite-time stabilisation of a class of switched nonlinear systems with state constraints

This paper investigates the finite-time stabilisation for a class of switched nonlinear systems with state constraints. Some power orders of the system are allowed to be ratios of positive even integers over odd integers. A Barrier Lyapunov function is introduced to guarantee that the state constraint is not violated at any time. Using the convex combination method and a recursive design approach, a state-dependent switching law and state feedback controllers of individual subsystems are constructed such that the closed-loop system is finite-time stable without violation of the state constraint. Two examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Backstepping design for global stabilization of switched nonlinear systems in lower triangular form under arbitrary switchings

This paper is concerned with the global stabilization problem for switched nonlinear systems in lower triangular form under arbitrary switchings. Two classes of state feedback controllers and a common Lyapunov function (CLF) are simultaneously constructed by backstepping. The first class uses the common state feedback controller which is independent of switching signals; the other class utilizes individual state feedback controllers for the subsystems. As an extension of the designed method, the global stabilization problem under arbitrary switchings for switched nonlinear systems in nested lower triangular form is also studied. An example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Immersion‐ and invariance‐based adaptive stabilization of switched nonlinear systems

This paper presents a novel framework to asymptotically adaptively stabilize a class of switched nonlinear systems with constant linearly parameterized uncertainty. By exploiting the generalized multiple Lyapunov functions method and the recently developed immersion and invariance (I&I) technique, which does not invoke certainty equivalence, we design the error estimator, continuous state feedback controllers for subsystems, and a switching law to ensure boundedness of all closed‐loop signals and global asymptotical regulation of the states, where the solvability of the I&I adaptive stabilization problem for individual subsystems is not required. Then, along with the backstepping method, the proposed design technique is further applied to a class of switched nonlinear systems in strict‐feedback form with an unknown constant parameter so that the I&I adaptive stabilization controllers for the system is developed. Finally, simulation results are also provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.     

任意相对阶下非线性切换系统的事件触发漏斗控制

针对一类具有任意相对阶且带有部分非输入到状态稳定逆动态的非线性切换系统, 提出一种动态事件触 发漏斗跟踪控制方案. 首先, 引入一个虚拟输出将任意相对阶的非线性切换系统转换为相对阶为一的非线性切换系 统. 其次, 设计各子系统的事件触发漏斗控制器和切换的动态事件触发机制, 解决候选事件触发漏斗控制器和子系 统之间的异步切换问题, 所提方案消除已有文献中为所有子系统设计共同控制器带来的保守性. 在一类具有平均驻 留时间切换信号的作用下, 保证切换闭环系统的所有信号都是有界的, 且跟踪误差一直在预设的漏斗内演化, 并排 除采样中的奇诺现象. 最后, 一个仿真例子验证方案的实用性和有效性.     

Leader–follower tracking control with guaranteed consensus performance for interconnected systems with linear dynamic uncertain coupling

This paper considers the leader–follower tracking control problem for linear interconnected systems with undirected topology and linear dynamic coupling. Interactions between the systems are treated as linear dynamic uncertainty and are described in terms of integral quadratic constraints (IQCs). A consensus-type tracking control protocol is proposed for each system based on its state relative to its neighbours. In addition, a selected set of subsystems is used to control their relative states with respect to the leader. Two methods are proposed for the design of this control protocol. One method uses a coordinate transformation to recast the protocol design problem as a decentralised robust control problem for an auxiliary interconnected large-scale system. Another method is direct; it does not employ coordinate transformation, rather it also allows for more general linear uncertain interactions. Using these methods, sufficient conditions are obtained which guarantee that the system tracks the leader. These conditions guarantee a suboptimal bound on the system consensus and tracking performance. The proposed methods are compared using a simulation example, and their effectiveness is discussed. Also, algorithms are proposed for computing suboptimal controllers.     

Coordinated formation control of multiple nonlinear systems

A general method of controller design is developed for the purpose of formation keeping and reconfiguration of nonlinear systems with multiple subsystems, such as the formation of multiple aircraft, ground vehicles, or robot arms. The model consists of multiple nonlinear systems. Controllers are designed to keep the subsystems in a required formation and to coordinate the subsystems in the presence of environmental changes. A step-by-step algorithm of controller design is developed. Sufficient conditions for the stability of formation tracking are proved. Simulations and experiments are conducted to demonstrate some useful coordination strategies such as movement with a leader, simultaneous movement, series connection of formatiom, and human-machine interaction.     

Coordinated formation control of multiple nonlinear systems

A general method of controller design is developed for the purpose of formation keeping and reconfiguration of nonlinear systems with multiple subsystems ,such as the formation of multiple aircraft , ground vehicles , or robot arms. The model consists of multiple nonlinear systems. Controllers are designed to keep the subsystems in a required formation and to coordinate the subsystems in the presence of environmental changes. A step- by-step algorithm of controller design is developed. Sufficient conditions for the stability of formation tracking are proved. Simulations and experiments are conducted to demonstrate some useful coordination strategies such as movement with a leader , simultaneous movement , series connection of formations , and human-machine interaction.     

非线性微分——代数子系统的逆系统的构造

对于一类非线性微分-代数(Differential-algebraic equation, DAE)子系统, 将非线性常微分方程(Ordinary differential equation, ODE)系统的逆系统方法进行了完全扩展. 首先对此类非线性DAE子系统提出的物理背景和系统特性进行了详细阐述. 然后给出了非线性DAE子系统的逆系统定义, 包括单位右逆系统和 α 阶积分右逆系统. 接下来提出一种递归算法, 利用此算法给出了被控系统可逆的充要条件, 并构造了物理可实现的控制器, 实现了非线性DAE子系统的线性化解耦. 最后基于本文所提出的控制方法, 研究了电力系统同步发电机组励磁汽门综合控制的线性化解耦问题.     

网络信息模式下分布式系统协调预测控制

工业系统中广泛存在一类由多个相互关联的子系统组成的大系统. 尽管分布式控制结构的性能没有集中式控制好,但由于其具有较高的灵活性和容错性,相对于集中控制更加适合控制上述系统.在保持容错性的情况下如何提高系统的整体性能是分布式控制的一个难点问题.本文提出了一种分布式预测控制(Distributed model predictive control, DMPC)方法,该方法通过在各子系统预测控制器的性能指标中加入输入变量对其下游子系统的影响的二次函数,来扩大分布式预测控制的协调度,进而在不增加网络连通度,不改变系统容错性的前提下,提高系统的性能.另外,本文给出了基于该协调策略的带输入约束的分布式预测控制器的设计方法,在初始可行的前提下,该方法相继可行并可保证系统渐近稳定.     

Input/output‐to‐state stability for switched nonlinear systems with unstable subsystems

In this paper, a couple of sufficient conditions for input/output‐to‐state stability (IOSS) of switched nonlinear systems with non‐IOSS subsystems are derived by exploiting the multiple Lyapunov functions (MLFs) method. A state‐norm estimator–based small‐gain theorem is also established for switched interconnected nonlinear systems under some proper switching laws, where the small‐gain property of individual connected subsystems is not required in the whole state space instead only in some subregions of the state space. The state‐norm estimator for the switched system under study is explicitly designed via a constructive procedure by exploiting the MLFs method and the classical small‐gain technique. The presented results permit removal of a technical condition in existing literature, where all subsystems in switched systems are IOSS or some are IOSS. An illustrative example is also provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.     

Multiple Lyapunov functions‐based adaptive neural network tracking control of uncertain switched nonlinear systems

In this paper, the problem of adaptive neural network (NN) tracking control of a class of switched strict‐feedback uncertain nonlinear systems is investigated by state‐feedback, in which the solvability of the problem of adaptive NN tracking control for individual subsystems is unnecessary. A multiple Lyapunov functions (MLFs)–based adaptive NN tracking control scheme is established by exploiting backstepping and the generalized MLFs approach. Moreover, based on the proposed scheme, adaptive NN controllers of all subsystems and a state‐dependent switching law simultaneously are constructed, which guarantee that all signals of the resulting closed‐loop system are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded, and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the origin. The scheme provided permits removal of a technical condition in which the adaptive NN tracking control problem for individual subsystems is solvable. Finally, the effectiveness of the design scheme proposed is shown by using two examples.