基于ArcGIS的数据库地图制图研究

本文分析了GIS数据和制图数据的之间差别,在此基础上采用ArcGIS作为GIS平台,对基于G!S数据库的制图进行了研究。研究中充分利用了ArcGIS提供的制图表现功能．采用ArcObjects作为二次开发工具开发了制图输出的工具,较好的实现了专题图和基本比例尺地形图的制图输出。     

GIS环评可视化的自适应图形处理方法

为表现环境影响评价信息的空间特征与属性特征的关系,提出基于GIS的点源大气环评可视化的自适应图形处理方法。针对现有图形处理技术在GIS开发中的不足,提出基于大气污染物浓度分布的自适应网格划分方法和一种新的等值线、区域填充快速生成算法,实现对GIS环评结果的快速可视化显示与分析。     

降雨分析系统的设计与算法

等值线是反映空间地理信息数据关系的最重要的表现方式之一,但编程实现等值线的绘制并用其进行GIS软件的二次开发却并不容易。在实际开发降雨分析系统的基础上介绍了在数据可视化和地理信息系统中非常重要的等值线绘制和轮廓图填充算法,并且给出了基于动态链接库和XML技术的模块化系统整体架构。实际的绘制效果与计算速度可与美国GoldenSoft公司的著名软件Surfer相媲美。降雨数据来源包括以数据库和文件存储的一切实测、遥感数据。该系统已在杭州、温州、上虞、金华、台州等多个地市的防汛抗旱部门投入使用,改变了原先等值线主要由手工绘制的情况。本系统可以同样用于等高线的绘制。     

降雨分析系统的设计与算法

等值线是反映空间地理信息数据关系的最重要的表现方式之一,但编程实现等值线的绘制并用其进行GIS软件的二次开发却并不容易。在实际开发降雨分析系统的基础上介绍了在数据可视化和地理信息系统中非常重要的等值线绘制和轮廓图填充算法,并且给出了基于动态链接库和XML技术的模块化系统整体架构。实际的绘制效果与计算速度可与美国GoldenSoft公司的著名软件Surfer相媲美。降雨数据来源包括以数据库和文件存储的一切实测、遥感数据。该系统已在杭州、温州、上虞、金华、台州等多个地市的防汛抗旱部门投入使用,改变了原先等值线主要由手工绘制的情况。本系统可以同样用于等高线的绘制。     

基于GIS的分布式实时协同制图系统的研究

由于Internet网络带宽限制等诸多方面的影响,基于GIS的分布式实时协同制图系统是较难实现的。采用复制式模型构造了一个基于GIS的分布式实时协同制图系统,并且采用动态数据格式作为各站点的交换数据,极大限度地战少了网络数据传输量,提高了系统的响应速度和稳定性,满足了协同制图系统对实时性的要求。     

基于规则与覆盖的GIS制图表达

针对传统GIS弱于制图表达的问题．介绍ArcGIS9．2制图表达的新成果——制图规则与覆盖。以广东省佛山市顺德区国土数据库为例．基于制图规则和特殊符号覆盖功能相结合,实现符号系统共享、复杂地物制图表达的规范化与个性化、复杂空间关系与属性变化的制图表达以及图面要素的位置冲突设置等应用,支持生成高质量的多制图产品,极大地提高了GIS制图效率和丰富了复杂地物表达能力．表明复杂对象符号化、多用途制图与空间数据查询分析的无缝集成是完全可行的．     

等值线ActiveX控件的开发及其在海洋环境制图分析上的应用

以Visual C 为平台开发了等值线ActiveX控件.针对渔业环境要素数据的数据量大、分布范围广、空间分布形式不同等特点,对于数据规模较大的近似规则分布的数据点,采用了先对缺失值的补插,再搜索生成原始等值线,然后进行磨光的方法;而对于散乱原始数据点的数据,则分别采用了反距离插值、普通克里金法以及多面函数法三种不同的方式分别进行数据加密处理,再生成等值线的方法.最后将此控件用于渔场环境制图的开发,并对其实现效果进行了比较.     

影响WWW制图发展的因素

当前,基于WWW的制图技术正在迅猛发展,许多Web站点提供了各种各样的制图方法,在创建Web站点的Web制图软件中,也提供了许多新的有价值的方法。一年前,用户仅仅是在Internet上获取地图,而现在不管是制图方法还是可供选择的软件产品都是多样的,复杂的。基于Web的制图不同于GIS/桌面制图在选择Web制图方法上的主要错误就是人们总是抱着这样的绝对观点,那就是Web制图仅仅是现有的企业级GIS/桌面制图的扩展。事实并非如此,Web制图与GIS/桌面制图软件比较起来,它主要是面向不同用户的,要求的专业知识水平,人员的培训水平以及涉及的知识广度…     

GIS环境下制图自动综合

借助GIS的可视化以及GIS的空间分析工具,制图自动综合的研究进入了一个新阶段;一方面,GIS扩大了制图自动综合的内涵,另一方面,制图自动综合推动了GIS的发展;丰富了GIS的研究内容。实际上,制图自动综合应该是GSI系统的重要组成部分或应具有的重要功能。制图自动综合的研究手段和研究方法越来越丰富并取得了很大进展;在总结前人研究的基础上提出了GIS分层支持下的面向地理特征的自动综合,实验表明这种方法是可行的,但仍然存在诸多问题,这种方法的完善必须走基于知识综合的道路。     

基于云GIS的轻量级快速制图工具研究

介绍了企业级GIS共享平台仍存在的主要问题,提出了一种轻量级快速制图工具,能够满足业务数据共享、快速制图以及面向日常办公的GIS普适化需求.     

等值线标注的一种算法探讨

等值线图在气象，地质测绘领域有着广泛的应用。目前，人们对于等值线的研究都集中在等值线的生成和填充上，而忽视了等值线的标注。而一个完整的等值线分析系统应该包括等值线的生成，填充，和标注。提出了一种等值线标注的算法，通过先找出等值线的近似多边形，然后根据系统要求在等值线上或近似多边形上输出标注。给等值线上添加标注，给标选择合适的位置，方向和疏密程度，将会使等值线图看起来更加直观、形象，使人们从图中就可获得更多的相关信息。     

等值线图区域填充的边界扫描算法

等值线图在许多工业领域,尤其是在油田的生产开发过程中,起到非常大的作用。但是目前的大部分等值线图是简单的线条,在实际应用中有不便之处。如果在等值线绘制完成后,利用一定的填充算法,将不同的区域以不同的颜色进行区分,就可以明显地体现出数据变化趋势,有利于数据分析,提高了工作效率。文中根据等值线生成过程的具体特征提出了一种区域填充的边界扫描算法,并给出了相应的理论依据。这个算法在胜利油田地质科学院的《勘探图件智能化处理系统》中得到实际应用,效果理想。     

三维地质界面网格模型构建算法研究

三维地质模型主要包含地质构造模型和地质属性模型。提出一种局部映射-边界控制的曲面三角化网格模型构建算法,与映射法相比,减少三维空间点映射到二维平面的计算过程,避免因多点到一点的映射关系而生成错误的三角化网格模型。基于地质测量数据特点,原始地质数据经处理后采用点集合形式表示,基于点集数据构建三维三角化网格模型,模拟地质界面的展布形态,控制三角网格质量。采用两种网格边界控制方法,在有边界约束数据和无边界约束数据条件下均能自动更新地质界面三角化网格模型边界。基于断层点数据集测试并展示算法构建的三维三角化网格模型可视化效果,通过断层面三角化网格模型能够反映断层面之间空间位置关系。     

A methodology for 3D geological mapping and implementation

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Using 3D visualization models to exhibit geological structure has become a trend in geological studies. Compared to 2D geological mapping, 3D geological mapping...     

MRPM: three visual basic programs for mineral resource potential mapping

A traditional method for mineral resource potential mapping is to superimpose a number of indicator maps, and to combine geological information with or without the use of multivariate statistical models. More recently, GISs have become widely applied in mineral resource assessment and many statistical models for geological information synthesis have been proposed. GIS-based mineral resource potential mapping has facilitated modern mineral resource assessment. As a contribution to publicly available computer software for GIS-based mineral resource assessment, integrated three Visual Basic programs have been developed on MapInfo platform. The programs integrate map patterns using weights of evidence, applied general C-F, and evidence theory models, and generate posterior probability, combined certainty factor, and combined basic probability assignment maps, respectively. The software is demonstrated by a case study based on a real data set.     

An advanced auto-inspection system for micro-router collapse

In this paper, we propose an auto-optical inspection (AOI) system that can inspect micro-router (router) collapse automatically. The router is a tool used to cut a printed circuit board (PCB). A few types of defects could occur in the routers and cause unexpected damage to the PCBs. Among these defects, collapse is the most critical defect that must be detected. Currently, router manufacturing companies rely on human inspectors to control the router quality. We first extract the silhouette edges and associated features (peaks and valleys) of a router’s silhouette image by computer vision technique. Then, these silhouette edges and associated features are used to reconstruct a set of 2D isograms that correspond to the router surface. Finally, a pattern recognition method is devised to identify and classify some features of the pattern in the 2D isograms. In this study, two types of routers with different diameters are used for inspection experiments. There are 15 routers of each type. The experimental results reveal that the proposed AOI system can robustly and successfully detect the collapse of diamond-patterned routers with different sizes. The successful detection rate is above 96%. The proposed AOI system can assist in determining the quality of the routers.     

计算机软件制图研究——以GEOMAP软件系统为例

目前计算机制图在各行各业中的应用越来越频繁,GEOMAP软件系统就是基于计算机软件自动成图的原理,以地理信息系统为基础,针对石油勘探开发行业数字化制图作业需求而研制开发的一套专业地质制图系统。文章在系统介绍了GEOMAP的工作原理、成图特征、编制图件的实现流程的基础上,总结了GEOMAP系统软件制图方式的优点,力争为精确快速的编制地质图件提供一种有效方法。     

Digital geological mapping with tablet PC and PDA: A comparison

Both the hardware and software available for digital geological mapping (DGM) have advanced considerably in recent years. Mobile computers have become cheaper, lighter, faster and more power efficient. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) have become cheaper, smaller and more accurate, and software specifically designed for geological mapping has become available. These advances have now reached a stage where it is effective to replace traditional paper-based mapping techniques with those employing DGM methodologies. This paper attempts to assess and evaluate two currently available DGM systems for geological outcrop mapping: one based on a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) running ESRI “ArcPad”, and the second based on a Tablet PC running “Map IT” software. Evaluation was based on field assessment during mapping of a well-exposed coastal section of deformed Carboniferous and Permian rocks at N. Tynemouth in NE England. Prior to the field assessment, several key criteria were identified as essential attributes of an effective DGM system. These criteria were used as the basis for the assessment and evaluation process. Our findings suggest that the main concerns presented by sceptics opposed to DGM have largely been resolved.In general, DGM systems using a Tablet PC were found to be most suitable for a wide range of geological data collection tasks, including detailed outcrop mapping. In contrast, systems based on a PDA, due to small screen and limited processing power, were best suited for more basic mapping and simple data collection tasks. In addition, PDA-based systems can be particularly advantageous for mapping projects in remote regions, in situations where there is a limited power supply or where total weight of equipment is an important consideration.     

Application of terrain analysis to the mapping and spatial pattern analysis of subsurface geological fractures of Kuala Lumpur limestone bedrock,Malaysia

Subsurface geological fractures in karst terrain are often associated with unpredictable environmental and geotechnical engineering problems. This requires precise mapping and an understanding of the distribution of geological fractures on multi-scales. To extract and investigate surface and subsurface geological fractures on such scales, multi-scales, this study presents two approaches. The first involves geological prediction and visual interpretation of terrain parameters using a digital elevation model (DEM). The second is an automatic detection method using a topographical fabric algorithm that uses a DEM to create a map of ridges, which represent the footwalls of geological fractures, and valleys (channels), which reflect geological fracture zones. Unlike wavelet analysis and the Fourier transform, which use optical remote-sensing images, the integration of visual interpretation and a topographical fabric algorithm is capable of the extraction and spatial correlation of subsurface geological fractures. This method was applied to Kuala Lumpur limestone bedrock in Malaysia, by focusing on the adjacent mountainous areas and the geometries of ex-opencast mining ponds. The spatial correlation of the extracted surface geological fractures was clarified by rose diagrams and semivariogram models. Spatial correlation shows that the Malaysian peninsula, surface and subsurface geological fractures and the geometry of ex-opencast mining ponds share similar trends. The results obtained using this methodology is compared to those of subsurface geological fractures reported by means of geophysical surveying and field investigation. This proposed method may be useful for mapping geological fractures in areas of high soil moisture, where geophysical surveying is difficult and/or not available, and is also highly applicable in other parts of Malaysia or Southeast Asia, permitting a better understanding of the geotectonics and geotechnical engineering setting of the study area.     

约束三角剖分在雨量等值线的应用

雨量等值线在水文、防汛领域应用广泛,Delaunay三角剖分具有空外接圆和最大的最小角度两个良好性质,对于非规则分布的离散点数据进行三角剖分内插是生成等值线的最常用的算法,但实际应用中往往都术是凸壳进行三角化,而是有限定边（或限定点）对三角剖分进行约束。该文在标准Delaunay三角剖分基础上,分析了逐点插入法的基本原理,基于此提出了一种解决有限定边的约束三角网格剖分生成等值线的方法,给出了限定边进行三角剖分的算法,同时对边界采用网格加密和邻域内插算子进行边界附件插值,提高等值线的边界拟合精度,并在雨量等值线生成中得到较好应用。