改进的LLE算法在图像分类中的应用

局部线性嵌入算法LLE(Locally Linear Embedding)可以有效地对图像的高维特征进行降维。针对处理样本分布不均匀及近邻因子选择时会出现的问题,在对高维数据降维时,近邻点的选择采用计算测地线距离而非传统的局部欧式距离,且近邻点的个数选择进行预先优化以达到更好的降维效果。实验表明,改进后的LLE算法具有更好的分类精确度,在图像分类过程中比单纯的LLE算法具有更好的分类性能。     

基于LLE和SVM的手部动作识别方法

为了提高人体手部动作的识别性能,针对高维特征数据给模式识别带来的问题,提出了一种基于局部线性嵌入(LLE)算法和支持向量机(SVM)的模式识别方法.该方法从肱桡肌和尺侧腕屈肌上采集两路表面肌电信号(sEMG),通过对样本信号的时域分析和小波分析,提取原始信号的特征,构造特征矢量.再利用LLE算法对原始特征数据进行降维,挖掘出具有内在规律的低维特征.将降维后的特征数据输入SVM分类器进行4种动作的模式识别.实验表明:此方法可以有效、准确地对人体手部动作进行分类.     

改进的有监督的局部线性嵌入算法及实验演示

流形学习方法中的LLE算法可以将高维数据在保持局部邻域结构的条件下降维到低维流形子空间中．并得到与原样本集具有相似局部结构的嵌入向量集合。LLE算法在数据降维处理过程中没有考虑样本的分类信息。针对这些问题进行研究,提出改进的有监督的局部线性嵌人算法（MSLLE）,并利用MatLab对该改进算法的实现效果同LLE进行实验演示比较。通过实验演示表明,MSLLE算法较LLE算法可以有利于保持数据点本身内部结构。     

改进的非线性数据降维方法及其应用

局部线性嵌入算法（Locally Linear Embedding,LLE）是基于流形学习的非线性降维方法之一。LLE利用样本点的近邻点的线性组合对每个样本点进行局部重构,而不同近邻个数的选取会产生不同的重构误差,从而影响整体算法的实施。提出了一种LLE的改进算法,算法有效地降低了近邻点个数对算法的影响,并很好地学习了高维数据的流形结构。所提方法的有效性在人造和真实数据的对比实验中得到了证实。     

支持向量机在财务管理中的应用

针对财务管理中的数据量问题,提出使用监督性支持向量机(SVM)算法解决财务数据分类问题。首先,将财务数据按照不同的年份,不同的部门进行预处理,并将其标签化;其次,按照一定比例选择训练数据和验证数据,将训练数据输入到SVM中进行分类器的训练;最后利用最优分类器完成财务数据分类。实验结果表明:所提出的算法在财务管理中有较高的应用价值。     

支持向量机在财务管理中的应用

针对财务管理中的数据量问题,提出使用监督性支持向量机（SVM）算法解决财务数据分类问题。首先,将财务数据按照不同的年份,不同的部门进行预处理,并将其标签化;其次,按照一定比例选择训练数据和验证数据,将训练数据输入到SVM中进行分类器的训练;最后利用最优分类器完成财务数据分类。实验结果表明：所提出的算法在财务管理中有较高的应用价值。     

局部线性嵌入算法及其稳定性实现

局部线性嵌入(locally linear embedding,LLE)算法是一种非常有效的非线性数据降维算法,广泛应用于机器学习、数据挖掘、模式识别等领域。它通过两次局部最小化实现对高维数据的非线性降维。首先给出了LLE算法关键步骤的理论实现,然后对LLE算法降维效果进行验证,最后在非均匀采样数据集上,分别验证了LLE算法的邻域点稳定性和数据点采样稳定性,有效地验证了LLE算法作为非线性降维算法的良好性能。     

宏流形学习及其在监督分类中的应用

针对流形学习用于监督分类时效果不尽人意的问题,提出了一种有监督的宏流形学习算法。算法根据给定的训练样本构造子流形,子流形沿着边界粘连构成父流形。在充分利用训练集的类别标签信息和类内近邻信息的基础上,计算出最优非线性映射函数,对训练样本的高维特征进行降维,同时利用非线性核回归技术处理样本外点学习问题,使降维后得到的低维嵌入更有利于分类。将提出的算法与多种经典降维算法在2个典型测试数据集,即21类地物数据集和UCI数据集,分别进行分类实验。实验结果表明所提出的算法能够取得更好的分类效果。     

SVM-KNN分类算法研究

SVM-KNN分类算法是一种将支持向量机（SVM）分类和最近邻（NN）分类相结合的新分类方法。针对传统SVM分类器中存在的问题,该算法通过支持向量机的序列最小优化（SMO）训练算法对数据集进行训练,将距离差小于给定阈值的样本代入以每类所有的支持向量作为代表点的K近邻分类器中进行分类。在UCI数据集上的实验结果表明,该分类器的分类准确率比单纯使用SVM分类器要高,它在一定程度上不受核函数参数选择的影响,具有较好的稳健性。     

基于L1范数的分块二维局部保持投影算法

针对高维输入数据维数较大时可能存在奇异值问题,同时为提高算法的运算效率以及算法的鲁棒性,提出了一种基于L1范数的分块二维局部保持投影算法B2DLPP-L1。传统的局部保持投影算法为避免出现奇异值问题,首先运用主成分分析算法将高维数据投影到子空间中,然而这种方式将会造成高维数据中部分有效信息的流失,B2DLPP-L1算法选择将二维数据直接作为输入数据,避免运用向量形式的输入数据时可能造成的数据流失;同时该算法对二维输入数据进行分块处理,将分块后的数据块作为新的输入数据,之后运用基于L1范数的二维局部保持投影算法对其进行降维。理论上,B2DLPP-L1算法能够较好地对数据进行降维,不仅能够保持高维数据中的有效信息,降低计算复杂程度,提高算法的运行效率,同时还能够克服存在外点情况下分类准确率较低问题,提高算法的鲁棒性。通过选择不同的人脸数据库进行实验,实验结果表明,在存在外点的情况下,运用最近邻分类器时能够取得更高的分类准确率,同时所需的分类时间有所减少。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.