人工神经网络知识增殖性分析

人工神经网络的知识增殖能力是该领域的热点和难点问题,具有重要的理论和实践意义．对人工神经网络的知识增殖性问题进行了较深入的探讨,从网络推广能力的角度分析了具有知识增殖能力的神经网络系统的结构设计问题,指出将多个网络个体结合在一起是实现人工神经网络增殖学习的重要方法,网络的自治能力在此具有重要的意义．利用具有自治能力的神经网络构建的网络群体中,网络个体无需改变而整体具有增殖学习能力,实验结果表明了该方案的可行性．     

粒计算模糊增殖神经场的研究与分析

针对现有人工神经网络学习新知识会破坏已获得知识的问题,根据生物智能扩展的思想,提出一种粒计算模糊增殖神经场学习方法,将粒计算商空间理论和人工神经场理论有机结合,并引入自治神经网络中,采用分治方法和嵌入机理,把大任务分成小任务,实现知识积累、继承和不断完善。实验结果证明了该方法的合理性和可行性。     

一种新型的神经网络构造方法RCBNN

一个好的神经网络结构可以大大提高它的处理能力和收敛速度，所以神经网络的构造方法一直是人们研究的热点问题。本文利用粗集理论的数据分析能力和决策树对数值属性的分割能力，提出一种基于粗集与决策树的新型神经网络构造方法RCBNN。经试验表明，使用该方法构造的神经网络，具有易于构造、可理解性好、收敛速度快且构造的网络规模较小的特点。     

智能神经网络系统组成原理在语音识别中的应用

在语音识别实验中,应用智能神经网络系统组成原理,研究了以简单、功能单一的网络为基础,构造复杂、功能完善的智能神经网络系统的方法,同时,通过加入规则,提高了网络的知识能力,实验表明,智能神经网络系统组成原理将面向对象、符号逻辑融于神经网络中,提供了构造功能完备的智能系统的途径。     

基于耦合神经网络集成推理技术的机械产品智能化方案设计？…

把神经网络与规则推理相结合，用于方案设计决策支持系统的推理机构中，首先根据体育运动规则构造出神经网络，再根据样本对神经网络进行学习训练，该系统有自学习功能，其网络在拓扑结构在学习过程中可以动态变化，用户可根据实际要进行知识的更改和完善，用户界面方便实用。     

递归复合型模糊神经网络结构研究

针对一类能够有效引入过程先验知识的复合型模糊神经网络，研究了其动态结构． 通过对复合型模糊神经网络的函数网络的第二层引入动态递归环节，使其具有动态映射能力 ，实现了对动态系统的良好响应．本文采用了动态非线性模型对其进行仿真研究，结果 表明，对于处理动态非线性系统，此动态复合模糊神经网络较之静态网络在收敛速度、预测 精度和网络规模等方面都有较大的改善．     

神经场整体性和增殖性研究与分析

信息几何是20世纪90年代初开始形成的理论，它将流形上的现代微分几何方法引入到神经计算科学中，为神经网络和信息论提供了十分有用的新的数学工具，也为大脑信息传输方式引入新的观念．以信息几何为工具，研究由全体神经网络组成的非线性空间神经场的整体不变性，分析和证明了神经场复杂结构的可分解性，提出了知识可增殖人工神经网络模型．其结果将有助于理解和解释人的感知系统的组织结构、定位机理和嵌入问题，提高神经网络复杂模型的研究水平和层次，挖掘认知科学在计算机模式上新的突破点；有助于增强神经网络的可理解性，为其提供了重要的理论基础．     

神经传递通路的神经网络建模

建立与生物神经系统相像的人工神经网络是设计具有智能的人工制品的有潜力的研究方法.建立神经网络传递通路简化模型,并应用神经网络建模.模型由4个回路构成动态延迟网络,包括丘脑回路、大脑皮质回路、基底核回路和小脑回路.仿真测试表明:网络易于数学实现,并具有良好的函数逼近能力和泛化能力.网络可用于自治系统和自治产品.＃     

基于知识的阶层型神经网络结构及参数的一种确定方法

神经网络具有优秀的学习能力，但神经网络的权值及阈值却无法解释与理解，给进一步的应用带来了困难。国内外学者就这一问题进行了各种探讨，研究怎样从神经网络中抽取规则，但算法较复杂，规则的可理解性较差。从不同的视角出发，提出一种从知识的角度来考察阶层型神经网络的结构及参数的思路。利用从样本数据中获得的知识（模糊规则），来确定网络的大小，即中间层的结点数目，以及网络的参数，即网络的双重及结点的阈值。该方法的特点是不用精简网络的结构，也不用改变网络以往的BP学习算法。按照这种方法构造出的神经网络，即使不学习，其输出也会大致地跟踪样本，网络的学习时间将会缩短。与此同时，网络的参数，即权重及阈值的意义可以解释，为直接从神经网络中提取知识提供了依据。仿真算例验证了所提出的方法的有效性。     

基于神经网络的自治水下机器人广义预测控制

针对自治式水下机器人高度非线性和时变性的特点,提出了一种基于神经网络的水下机器人广义预测控制策略．利用改进型Elman网络作为多步预测模型,在对网络学习算法进行改进的基础上,实现了Elman网络的在线学习,并提出了用于求解神经广义预测控制律的灵敏度公式．进行了具有神经网络在线学习功能和不具有在线学习功能的水下机器人的速度控制实验,并就预测控制效果进行了对比分析．实验结果表明,具有自适应学习功能的水下机器人速度控制法的精度要优于不具有在线学习功能的速度控制法,且当水下机器人动态特性发生变化时具有较强的自适应能力．     

Nonlinear dynamic system identification using pipelined functional link artificial recurrent neural network

A computationally efficient pipelined functional link artificial recurrent neural network (PFLARNN) is proposed for nonlinear dynamic system identification using a modification real-time recurrent learning (RTRL) algorithm in this paper. In contrast to a feedforward artificial neural network (such as a functional link artificial neural network (FLANN)), the proposed PFLARNN consists of a number of simple small-scale functional link artificial recurrent neural network (FLARNN) modules. Since those modules of PFLARNN can be performed simultaneously in a pipelined parallelism fashion, this would result in a significant improvement in its total computational efficiency. Moreover, nonlinearity of each module is introduced by enhancing the input pattern with nonlinear functional expansion. Therefore, the performance of the proposed filter can be further improved. Computer simulations demonstrate that with proper choice of functional expansion in the PFLARNN, this filter performs better than the FLANN and multilayer perceptron (MLP) for nonlinear dynamic system identification.     

Artificial neural network based robot control: An overview

The current thrust of research in robotics is to build robots which can operate in dynamic and/or partially known environments. The ability of learning endows the robot with a form of autonomous intelligence to handle such situations. This paper focuses on the intersection of the fields of robot control and learning methods as represented by artificial neural networks. An in-depth overview of the application of neural networks to the problem of robot control is presented. Some typical neural network architectures are discussed first. The important issues involved in the study of robotics are then highlighted. This paper concentrates on the neural network applications to the motion control of robots involved in both non-contact and contact tasks. The current state of research in this area is surveyed and the strengths and weakness of the present approaches are emphasized. The paper concludes by indentifying areas which need future research work.     

人工神经网络遗传算法研究

人工神经网络具有的自主学习的适应能力、并行信息处理的能力、非线性映射能力等,使其具有十分广泛的应用。而遗传算法是一种学习生物界之中自然遗传、自然选择机制的的一种优秀的搜索类算法,具有随机性、并行性和自适应能力等,具有群体之中自动寻优学习能力。将人工神经网络与遗传算法成功结合在一起,可以快速、准确、方便地解决网络中的相关问题,是计算机网络应用中的创举。     

基于模糊神经网络的六足机器人自主导航闭环控制系统设计

针对未知环境中六足机器人的自主导航问题,设计了一种基于模糊神经网络的自主导航闭环控制算法,并依据该算法设计了六足机器人的导航控制系统．算法融合了模糊控制的逻辑推理能力与神经网络的学习训练能力,并引入闭环控制方法对算法进行优化．所设计的控制系统由信息输入、模糊神经网络、指令执行以及信息反馈4个模块组成．环境及位置信息的感知由GPS（全球定位系统）传感器、电子罗盘传感器和超声波传感器共同完成．采用C语言重建模糊神经网络控制算法,并应用于该系统．通过仿真实验,从理论上论证了基于模糊神经网络的闭环控制算法性能优于开环控制算法,闭环控制算法能够减小六足机器人在遇到障碍物时所绕行的距离,行进速度提高了6.14%,行进时间缩短了8.74%．在此基础上,开展了实物试验．试验结果表明,该控制系统能够实现六足机器人自主导航避障控制功能,相对于开环控制系统,能有效地缩短行进路径,行进速度提高了5.66%,行进时间缩短了7.25%,验证了闭环控制系统的可行性和实用性．     

LOCAL LEARNING IN NETWORKS OF UNIVERSAL ANALOGIC NEURONS

Biological neural systems exhibit the property of locality in all the calculations and structures. Classical artificial neural networks normally use an external system that performs some of the operations, mainly the learning algorithm. This arrangement means a strong dependence on external programs and machines. Learning algorithms must be implemented with local computations. Each unit has to be able to estimate its own contribution to the global error, according to the information about the errors of other units and local information. If all the modules are similar in physical connection characteristics, we can have a universal type of parametric modules. The desired final development is a general model in which all known neural network models conform. Self-programming is accomplished by means of an internal algorithm in the module. The learning is the adjustment of model parameters (indeed structural parameters). In this paper, the emphasis is on a particular case to illustrate the possibilities of inserting learning into the modules forming the network.     

Design of an auto-associative neural network by using design of experiments approach

Advanced monitoring systems enable integration of data-driven algorithms for various tasks, for e.g., control, decision support, fault detection and isolation (FDI), etc. Due to improvement of monitoring systems, statistical or other computational methods can be implemented to real industrial systems. Algorithms which rely on process history data sets are promising for real-time operation especially for online process monitoring tasks, e.g., FDI. However, a reliable FDI system should be robust to uncertainties and small process deviations, thus, false alarms can be avoided. To achieve this, a good model for comparison between process and model is needed and for easier FDI implementation, the model has to be derived directly from process history data. In such cases, model-based FDI approaches are not very practical. In this paper a nonlinear statistical multivariate method (nonlinear principal component analysis) was used for modeling, and realized with auto-associative artificial neural network (AANN). A Taguchi design of experiments (DoE) technique was used and compared with a classic approach, where according to the analysis best AANN model structure was chosen for nonlinear model. Parameters that are important for neural network’s performance have been included into a joint orthogonal array to consider interactions between noise and control process variables. Results are compared to AANN design recommendations by other authors, where obtained nonlinear model was designed for reliable fault detection of very small faults under closed-loop conditions. By using Taguchi DoE robust design on AANN, an improved and reliable FDI scheme was achieved even in case of small faults introduced to the system. The accuracy and performance of AANN and FDI scheme were tested by experiments carried out on a real laboratory hydraulic system, to validate the proposed design for industrial cases.     

基于自联想神经网络的数据滤波与应用

石油化工过程系统及其现场数据复杂,基于数据驱动的任何研究、设计、运行工作首先都需要进行数据滤波.本文研究了用自联想神经网络对化工过程数据进行滤波的方法.自联想神经网络通过使输入节点的信息压缩在隐层节点上,从网络输入的高维参数空间中提取反映系统结构的最具代表性的低维子空间,同时有效地滤去了测量数据中的噪声和测量误差,再通过输出层实现数据的解压缩,将前面压缩的信息还原到各个参数值,从而实现各测量数据的重构.通过对测试函数的应用和误差比较验证了该方法可以达到比较理想的滤波效果,并采用该方法对某企业精对苯二甲酸(PTA)工业数据进行滤波后BP建模,该模型的预测效果要大大好于没有进行数据滤波建立的模型,从而进一步说明了用自联想神经网络对工业数据滤波不但是可行且有效的,同时也提高了模型预测的准确性.     

自律个体的一种遗传强化模型研究

自律个体的遗传强化模型是模拟实际生物进化机制的计算模型。本文利用进化算法和人工神经网络的研究方法,设计一种自律个体的遗传强化模型。该模型强调多层次学习,实现了先天的遗传学习进化和后天的个体神经系统学习进化的有机结合。本文同时将该模型应用于模拟机器人的生存控制,观察它在环境中的行为表现及经能力,取得了满意的实验结果。     

Expectation-based selective attention for visual monitoring and control of a robot vehicle

Reliable vision-based control of an autonomous vehicle requires the ability to focus attention on the important features in an input scene. Previous work with an autonomous lane following system, ALVINN (Pomerleau, 1993), has yielded good results in uncluttered conditions. This paper presents an artificial neural network based learning approach for handling difficult scenes which will confuse the ALVINN system. This work presents a mechanism for achieving task-specific focus of attention by exploiting temporal coherence. A saliency map, which is based upon a computed expectation of the contents of the inputs in the next time step, indicates which regions of the input retina are important for performing the task. The saliency map can be used to accentuate the features which are important for the task, and de-emphasize those which are not.