背光图像的检测与校正

针对传统背光图像检测低准确率问题,提出一种新的背光图像检测和校正算法。通过分析图像在不同Gamma变换下前景细节数目的变化规律来判断输入图像是否存在背光。对背光图像的前景、背景子图像进行多尺寸Retinex图像算法,然后与原图进行融合。根据实验可知,提出的背光图像检测算法相对于传统的亮度直方图分析方法以及YCbCr直方图分析方法具有更高准确率;提出的背光校正算法相对于AHMHE背光补偿算法和多尺度Retinex算法具有较高信息熵、清晰度和对比度。     

基于衰减补偿与直方图拉伸的水下图像增强算法

水下物理环境复杂多变,导致获取的水下图像颜色失真、对比度低且细节模糊,影响了水下场景探测的准确性。结合衰减补偿和直方图拉伸技术,提出水下图像增强算法ACHS。根据不同颜色通道的衰减特性,设计基于衰减补偿的颜色校正方法解决水下图像颜色失真问题。将需要颜色校正的水下图像从RGB颜色模型转换到LAB颜色模型,使用引导滤波将亮度通道L分解为基础层和细节层,同时提出基于K-means聚类的双直方图增强算法用于增强基础层的对比度,通过Gamma校正突显细节层的纹理结构。在此基础上,累加亮度通道L的基础层和细节层,并将其从LAB颜色模型转换到RGB颜色模型以获取最终的增强图像。实验结果表明,与GDCP、REBE、WaterNet等算法相比,经该算法增强的水下图像可视度较高,并且具有自然的颜色和清晰的细节。     

基于直方图均衡化与MSRCR的沙尘降质图像增强算法

针对沙尘天气下图像色彩偏移严重及对比度低等问题,提出一种基于直方图均衡化与带色彩恢复的多尺度视网膜（MSRCR）增强的沙尘降质图像增强算法。通过偏色校正和图像增强两个步骤进行图像恢复,将RGB图像各通道预处理后利用限制对比度自适应直方图均衡方法得到校正后的图像,对图像采用双边滤波进行降噪处理,通过MSRCR算法进一步解决色彩失衡问题。由于处理后的图像对比度较低,存在一定色偏,利用伽马校正和基于图像分析的偏色检测及颜色校正方法进行处理得到最终结果。对大量沙尘降质图像进行仿真实验,结果表明,该算法能够有效处理不同偏色程度的沙尘图像,不仅提高了图像的对比度,而且有效避免了图像颜色偏移现象,相比GCANet、MSRCR等算法,平均时间效率提升了46.2%~94.7%。     

基于人工欠曝光融合和白平衡技术的水下图像增强算法

获得清晰准确的水下图像是人类探索水下世界的重要前置条件。然而与平常图像相比,水下图像往往具有对比度低、细节保留不足及颜色失真等问题,这导致其视觉效果不佳。针对上述问题,提出了基于人工欠曝光融合和白平衡技术（AUF+WB）的水下图像增强算法。首先,利用调节伽马值的方式对原始水下图像进行操作,从而生成5幅相应的欠曝光图像;然后,以对比度、饱和度及良好曝光度作为融合权重,并结合多尺度融合来生成融合图像;最后,将各类颜色通道补偿后的图像分别结合灰色世界假设白平衡生成相应的白平衡图像,再利用水下彩色图像质量评价指标（UCIQE）及水下图像质量评价标准（UIQM）对得到的白平衡图像进行评价。通过选取不同类型的水下图像作为实验样本,将AUF+WB算法与现存先进的水下图像去雾算法进行比较,结果表明AUF+WB算法在图像质量定性、定量两方面分析中和对比算法相比均有更好的表现。所提出的AUF+WB算法可矫正水下图像的颜色失真,并增强其对比度、恢复其细节,有效提升了水下图像的视觉质量。     

通道修正均衡化的水下图像增强算法

水中介质和微粒的影响导致光波传播衰减和散射, 在成像过程中水下图像会出现模糊和色偏等情况, 这些 水下成像退化的情况给水下的目标识别、目标跟踪、特征提取等应用带来困难. 针对以上问题, 本文提出了一种基 于通道修正均衡化的暗通道先验(CCD)水下图像增强算法: 首先是对色偏的水下图像进行通道修正均衡化, 利用直 方图强度中心做一个映射, 并将映射的三通道信息融合到限制对比度自适应直方图均衡化中, 改善了图像色偏和对 比度不足的情况; 其次是通过暗通道先验算法进行去模糊, 通过水下增强图像数据集的实验表明, CCD比现有算法 更有效地应对了水下图像成像退化问题, 取得了更好的图像质量指标; 此外, 在特征检测预处理步骤中, 本文方法能 够将检测特征点数提高约1.88倍.     

宏微观信息增强与色彩校正的高效色调映射

目的 色调映射是一种在保持视觉效果基本不变的前提下将高动态范围图像映射到常规低动态显示设备上进行显示的技术。针对现有方法存在细节模糊、边缘光晕及色彩失真等不足,提出一种宏微观信息增强与色彩校正的色调映射新方法。方法 将给定的高动态范围图像映射到HSV(hue, saturation, value)颜色空间,分离亮度信息与色彩信息。基于人类视觉感知机制,在亮度通道构建宏观一致性和微观显著性的亮度感知压缩模型,并进一步通过调节模型缩放因子消除边缘光晕现象。基于颜色恒常性原理,在色度通道构建自适应饱和度偏移模型,融合亮度压缩信息调整图像的饱和度信息,解决色调映射所造成的主观色彩失真问题。结果 实验结果表明,所提算法在结构保真度、自然度和色调映射质量指数等客观评价方面均优于对比色调映射算法,同时主观平均意见值也取得了最高的4.3分（即好—非常好）。结论 宏微观信息增强的亮度感知压缩模型,在确保场景亮度信息不变的情况下,可以有效增强图像纹理细节的完整性和保真性。融合亮度压缩的饱和度偏移模型可以有效解决亮度压缩导致的图像色彩失真等问题。该色调映射算法效率高、通用性强,可广泛应用于图像压缩、生物医学...     

基于颜色恒常性的低照度图像视见度增强

在彩色成像过程中,低照度是导致图像降质的一个重要因素. 本文提出了一种新的基于颜色恒常性的低照度图像视见度增强算法. 为了避免场景光源的影响,提出了像素有效集的概念. 基于灰色调算法的灰度像素假设,利用有效像素估计光 照的颜色;在后处理阶段,利用有效像素的灰度级范围确定直方图剪裁的上下限. 实验表明,算法有效地校正了图像 的颜色、对比度和亮度,从而增强了图像的视见度,且不会产生Retinex 算法所固有的灰化效应和Halo 效应.     

彩色图像的亮度-色度非线性重组

灰度变换技术直接用于彩色图像的RGB各分量可以提高其对比度,但却会引起彩色失真;而基于Retinex理论的多尺度彩色复原算法（MSRCR）可以改善彩色图像的视觉效果,也不会引起彩色失真,但存在控制参数的取值问题,自适应性不是很好,更大的缺陷在于卷积运算巨大的运算量导致处理时间偏长。提出了一种基于灰度变换的自适应彩色图像增强算法,将原始RGB图像和RGB三分量灰度变换后的图像转换到非线性亮度/色度彩色空间,重组两者的色度分量和亮度分量,从而保持了原始图像的色彩。在继承灰度变换算法优点的基础上,扩展了原始图像的有效灰度范围,提高了整体对比度,增强了细节。此外,算法的计算量极小,不需要设定任何参数,可用于自适应实时彩色图像处理。     

A Neuro-Fuzzy Approach for Compensating Color Backlight Images

This paper presents a neuro-fuzzy approach for compensating exposure in the case of backlighting, regardless of the position of objects. To achieve the compensation effect, the fuzzy C-means algorithm is first used to extract features from a backlight image. Then these extracted features are presented to a trained artificial immune system based neuro-fuzzy system (AISNFS) to estimate the amount of compensation. Finally, the estimated amount of compensation incorporated with a compensation equation is used to enhance the intensity component of the backlight image to produce a compensated image. Several backlight images were used to test the performance of the algorithm.     

变压器油下图像增强算法

为解决变压器检测机器人在变质、变色的变压器油内部采集的图像存在色彩失真、对比度低等问题,提出一种变压器油下图像融合增强算法.首先,利用完美反射算法对图像进行白平衡处理,以消除油下光照强度不均匀对图像颜色的影响,使得色彩更加均衡;然后,对色彩校正的图像进行自适应伽马校正,以提高图像的对比度;最后,采用多尺度融合策略将色彩校正后的图像与自适应伽马校正处理后的图像进行融合,得到变压器油下清晰的图像.实验结果表明,经所提出算法处理后的变压器油下图像色彩鲜明、细节丰富,与原始图像相比,图像质量评价指标(UCIQE)、特征点匹配个数以及信息熵均有显著提高,能够为变压器内部故障检测提供清晰的数据.     

沙尘图像色彩恢复及增强卷积神经网络

目的 在沙尘天气条件下,由于大气中悬浮微粒对入射光线的吸收和散射,户外计算机视觉系统所采集图像通常存在颜色偏黄失真和低对比度等问题,严重影响户外计算机视觉系统的性能。为此,提出一种带色彩恢复的沙尘图像卷积神经网络增强方法,由一个色彩恢复子网和一个去尘增强子网组成。方法 采用提出的色彩恢复子网(sand dust color correction, SDCC)校正沙尘图像的偏色,将颜色校正后的图像作为条件,输入到由自适应实例归一化残差块组成的去尘增强子网中,对沙尘图像进行增强处理。本文还提出一种基于物理光学模型的沙尘图像合成方法,并采用该方法构建了大规模的配对沙尘图像数据集。结果 对大量沙尘图像的实验结果表明,所提出的沙尘图像增强方法能很好地去除图像中的偏色和沙尘,获得正常的视觉颜色和细节清晰的图像。进一步的对比实验表明,该方法能取得优于对比方法的增强图像。结论 本文所提出的沙尘图像增强方法能很好地消除整体的黄色色调和尘霾现象,获得正常的视觉色彩和细节清晰的图像。     

Achieving standard wide color gamut by tuning LED backlight and color filter spectrum in LCD

In order to achieve the standard red, green, and blue (sRGB) standard color gamut in color liquid crystal display and improve the image quality, the impact of the backlight and color filter spectrum on module's chroma was simulated and analyzed. The color gamut was enhanced by adjusting and optimizing the two parts of spectrums of LED backlight and color filter and by using red and green phosphor LED backlight to match the new color filter with an appropriate thickness. Experimental results show that: When the thickness of color filter is 2.2 µm, National Television System Committee color gamut increases from 65.3% to 74.9%, and sRGB matching rate enhances from 83.2% to 100%, achieving a full coverage of the sRGB standard color gamut, the transmittance of white light reaches 28.1%. Also, it is verified that shifting the peak position of the backlight and color filter spectrum to purification direction, as well as narrowing its half‐width can upgrade the color gamut. Meanwhile, the thicker the thickness of color filter is, the wider color gamut it has, based on the same pigment material.     

基于改进DCP算法的水下机器人视觉增强

对水下机器人的视觉增强问题进行了研究,提出了基于改进暗通道优先（IDCP）的图像增强算法对单目视觉图像进行预处理．首先对水下图像的色偏与雾化等现象进行退化建模,然后通过计算亮暗通道的视差来获取图像的景深信息,以精确估计水体的背景颜色,同时计算得到相应的透射图．在此基础上,采取自适应比例因子选择策略对透射图进行后处理以得到具有更高对比度的图像恢复效果．此外,进一步采用颜色校正方法以去除残余色偏,并提高图像的整体亮度．针对水下多场景的实验结果表明,与常规方法相比,本文的IDCP方法能够在纠正色偏的前提下实现具有更高清晰度和亮度的视觉增强效果．     

基于多尺度梯度域引导滤波的低照度图像增强算法

针对低照度彩色图像整体亮度较低，增强图像中颜色易失真，部分图像细节淹没在较低灰度值像素中等问题，提出一种改进的低照度图像增强算法。首先，把待处理图像转换到色调、饱和度、亮度（HSI）颜色空间，对亮度分量进行非线性全局亮度校正；然后，提出多尺度梯度域引导滤波的亮度增强模型，利用该模型对校正后的亮度分量进行增强，接着对增强后的亮度分量进一步实施避免颜色失真的亮度校正；最后，将图像再转换回红绿蓝（RGB）颜色空间。实验结果表明，增强后的图像亮度平均提高90.0%以上，清晰度平均提高123.8%以上，这主要得益于多尺度梯度域引导滤波具有更好的亮度平滑和增强能力；同时由于减小了颜色失真，使增强图像的细节表现能力平均提高18.2%以上；由于采用了多尺度梯度域引导滤波的亮度增强模型与直方图自适应的亮度校正算法，使提出的低照度图像增强算法适宜应用于夜间等弱光源条件下的彩色图像增强。     

Simultaneous image color correction and enhancement using particle swarm optimization

Color images captured under various environments are often not ready to deliver the desired quality due to adverse effects caused by uncontrollable illumination settings. In particular, when the illuminate color is not known a priori, the colors of the objects may not be faithfully reproduced and thus impose difficulties in subsequent image processing operations. Color correction thus becomes a very important pre-processing procedure where the goal is to produce an image as if it is captured under uniform chromatic illumination. On the other hand, conventional color correction algorithms using linear gain adjustments focus only on color manipulations and may not convey the maximum information contained in the image. This challenge can be posed as a multi-objective optimization problem that simultaneously corrects the undesirable effect of illumination color cast while recovering the information conveyed from the scene. A variation of the particle swarm optimization algorithm is further developed in the multi-objective optimization perspective that results in a solution achieving a desirable color balance and an adequate delivery of information. Experiments are conducted using a collection of color images of natural objects that were captured under different lighting conditions. Results have shown that the proposed method is capable of delivering images with higher quality.     

一种基于色彩补偿的水下图像综合增强算法

针对退化的水下图像在高级视觉分析任务中无法进行有效的目标检测及识别的问题,提出了一 种通过色彩补偿和对比度拉伸,HSV 空间 γ 校正和亮度通道去模糊系列方法实现了对水下图像的色彩校正、色 彩对比度、饱和度和细节清晰度的综合提高。其中,提出了基于高斯滤波的亮度通道去散射方法,并对典型水 体水下图像综合增强参数进行了分析。实验对比了综合增强方法和其他增强方法对偏蓝、偏绿、偏黄、白色近 岸浅滩水下图像的处理结果并通过目标检测网络对 7 种算法增强后的水下图像数据集进行训练与测试,对比了 平均水下目标识别准确率和检测到的目标数量与实际目标数量的比值来评估各个增强算法对于水下目标识别 和检测任务中的作用。实验表明,与现有方法相比,该算法不仅可以有效地实现各类水下图像清晰度和色彩增 强,适用范围广,而且可以有效地提高水下图像目标识别任务的准确率和检测数量。     

An adaptive enhancement method for generic multi-modal high‐bit RAW grayscale image displaying on low-bit monitors

Aiming at the poor adaptability and robustness of existing pseudo-color methods, most of which can only deal with an 8-bit grayscale, an adaptive enhancement algorithm of high grayscale images based on priori knowledge was proposed. Firstly, aiming at the problem that the original RGB color space is not easy to adjust dynamically, the power adjustment was integrated into the constructed high-bit chromatogram, and a power adaptive adjustment function based on the brightness priority over the original grayscale image was designed. Secondly, aiming at the problems of over-exposure, under-exposure, and poor gradients in RGB space, an adaptive grayscale correction algorithm was designed according to the priori knowledge distribution of RGB perceived brightness. Finally, to guarantee the color balance of the enhanced image, a color balance correction algorithm based on CMY space was designed. To verify the effectiveness of this method, it was applied to the pseudo-color enhancement of 16-bit pipeline CR images, 14-bit infrared images, 24-bit pipeline DR weld images, 8-bit or 24-bit rail crack images, and 16-bit remote sensing images respectively. The subjective and objective experimental results show that the design method has stronger adaptability, which has obvious advantages compared with the existing advanced high grayscale image enhancement methods. The enhancement effect is more coordinated, the processing result is more in line with human visual perception, and the details and texture information of the original image can be better preserved.     

Underwater image enhancement by maximum-likelihood based adaptive color correction and robust scattering removal

Underwater images often exhibit severe color deviations and degraded visibility, which limits many practical applications in ocean engineering. Although extensive research has been conducted into underwater image enhancement, little of which demonstrates the significant robustness and generalization for diverse real-world underwater scenes. In this paper, we propose an adaptive color correction algorithm based on the maximum likelihood estimation of Gaussian parameters, which effectively removes color casts of a variety of underwater images. A novel algorithm using weighted combination of gradient maps in HSV color space and absolute difference of intensity for accurate background light estimation is proposed, which circumvents the influence of white or bright regions that challenges existing physical model-based methods. To enhance contrast of resultant images, a piece-wise affine transform is applied to the transmission map estimated via background light differential. Finally, with the estimated background light and transmission map, the scene radiance is recovered by addressing an inverse problem of image formation model. Extensive experiments reveal that our results are characterized by natural appearance and genuine color, and our method achieves competitive performance with the state-of-the-art methods in terms of objective evaluation metrics, which further validates the better robustness and higher generalization ability of our enhancement model.     

用于低照度图像增强的自适应颜色保持算法

视频监控、场景恢复等领域中低照度图像噪点多,亮度低,可视效果差,而现有的图像处理技术容易出现颜色失真、光晕色块严重。为解决这一问题,根据韦伯-费希纳定律,把图像的像素点转换到对数空间,自适应获得符合视觉系统特点的预增强图像;再根据多尺度视网膜算法,分别计算与增强图像的R通道在三个尺度上的平均高斯滤波结果,获得入射光估计,把对数域的自适应增强图像像素值与入射光估计的差值作为多尺度视网膜算法的结果图像。进一步处理结果图像,将其RGB通道按照预增强图像中的颜色比例关系映射到0~255的范围;最后融合三个通道获得最终图像输出。通过图像质量的评价对比,该算法对不同低照度场景图像的增强结果,在对比度、色度保持等方面优于MSR、MSRCR和MSRCP算法。实验证明该算法在低照度图像的恢复和色度保留等方面有较好的效果,在增强视频监控的有效性等方面有较好的应用价值。