一种基于XML文档关键字检索的结构索引

XML数据索引对其检索效率有较大的影响。在深入分析现有XMI、结构索引之后,结合XML文档特点,提出了一种基于关键字检索的结构索引--LSS(Level Structure Summary) . LSS采用了把具有相同标签路径的结点进行合并的策略,具有高效判断结点之间同构异构关系的能力。实现了LSS索引生成算法CSCAN,并在LSS索引的基础上设计了XML关键字检索算法LSSearch。该算法依据LSS索引,将各个关键字的原始倒排表集合分拆成不同类型的子集合,最后在所有子集合上进行查询。实验结果表明,LSS可以帮助减少XML文档中关键字倒排表的规模,提高检索效率。     

倒排索引中的文档序号重排技术综述

倒排索引作为文本搜索的核心索引技术,广泛应用于搜索引擎、桌面搜索和数字图书馆领域。倒排索引由字典和对应的倒排表组成,倒排表一般采用差值存储和整数编码进行压缩。研究表明,当倒排表具有较好的局部连续性时,上述方法能够获得很高的压缩率。整数编码研究通过不断改进编码算法来充分利用倒排表的局部连续性特征,而文档序号重排正是一种对文档序号重新排列来产生局部连续性的技术。通过文档序号重排,索引压缩率得到显著提高。该文主要介绍近年来文档序号重排技术取得的研究成果: 首先介绍索引压缩的基本原理,然后详细介绍文档序号重排技术,包括分析、对比各个方法的优劣;最后对文档序号重排技术进行总结、整理和展望。     

图上基于局部敏感哈希的多关键字索引

针对目前基于倒排表的图关键字索引不能有效处理多个关键字查询,也不能对关键字拼写容错的问题,提出一种位图和局部敏感哈希(BLH）相结合的双层索引来支持图的多关键字查询:上层构建位图,依据关键字组合的n-gram映射到子图类簇,每个类簇存储相似的子图;下层在每个类簇上构建局部敏感哈希索引,根据关键字组合的n-gram定位到包含关键字组合的子图。该方法可显著减少图上关键字查询的I/O,查询时间缩减80%;并且,基于n-gram构建索引,可以避免索引对拼写错误敏感,在关键字容错的前提下返回用户期望的结果。实际数据集上的实验结果表明BLH索引的有效性,可以支持万维网、社会网络的高效查询。     

高效的随机访问分块倒排文件自索引技术

针对倒排索引空间开销大、查询时间效率低以及难以同时支持连接布尔查询和排序查询的问题,提出了一种同时提高空间效率与查询时间效率的高效随机访问分块倒排文件自索引RABIF.为了在降低空间消耗的同时支持连接布尔查询与排序查询,RABIF将倒排列表进行合理地分块,然后对每个子块的不同部分采用相应的压缩方式,在不需要插入任何附加辅助信息的前提下实现压缩索引的快速定位与随机访问.理论分析及实验结果表明,与忽略倒排文件自索引SIF相比,提出的RABIF空间开销平均减少5.3%,布尔查询时间平均减少17.8%;对于0.2%与1%排序查询,查询时间分别平均减少34.4%与27.5%.     

一种基于HBase的高效空间关键字查询策略

随着移动定位技术的发展以及智能手机的普及,互联网中空间文本对象的数量正在急速增长,如何在规模庞大且动态增长的空间文本对象中进行高效的空间关键字查询成为了许多空间关键字查询应用所关心的问题.现有的方法通常利用基于R树和倒排索引的混合索引结构来处理空间关键字查询,然而,面对数量巨大而且不断增长的空间文本对象,这些方法往往难以为空间关键字查询的高效性和扩展性提供支持.对此,提出一种基于HBase的空间文本数据索引结构SK-HBase.SK-HBase以HBase作为数据存储,通过有效的数据分配策略对空间文本对象的空间信息和文本信息同时进行索引.在SK-HBase的基础上,本文提出了两种空间关键字查询算法,以保证不同空间范围下的空间关键字查询的高效性和可扩展性.实验证明,我们的方法能够在海量数据下进行高效的空间关键字查询并具有良好的可扩展性.     

基于扩展倒排索引的不确定XML关键字查询算法

现有的不确定XML关键字查询算法均需遍历不确定XML文档,并且算法在执行过程中需要频繁的字符串比较,造成时间浪费。针对上述问题,提出基于扩展倒排索引的不确定XML关键字查询算法Pr E。扩展倒排索引有效地存储了不确定XML文档中节点的相关信息,根据扩展倒排索引即可初始化动态哈希表和序号编码链表,并且Pr E算法在执行过程中利用整数的比较代替了字符串的比较。理论分析与实验结果表明,Pr E算法是一种高效的不确定XML关键字查询算法。     

基于重复热点数据的CF广播结构改进算法*

针对现有广播结构构建中对数据访问概率倾斜度考虑不足的问题,在CF索引树的基础上提出了一种基于数据倾斜度的广播构建算法。该算法充分考虑热点数据的请求,根据数据在CF索引树中所处位置的不同,在一个广播周期内重复广播热点数据及其对应的索引节点,尽量减少移动用户的访问时间。最后通过实验验证了改进后广播结构的有效性。     

一种支持动态XML文档上关键字查询的索引结构

在关键字查询领域,目前提出的大多数索引结构主要考虑的是静态的XML文档.当XML文档出现频繁更新时,这些索引结构可能面临着大范围的重新编码,从而增加了数据库索引维护的代价.为了能在XML文档动态更新的环境下保持其索引结构的稳定,提出了一种支持动态XML文档上关键字查询的索引结构DLSS( DDE Level Structure Summary).该索引结构采用了一种针对动态更新改进的Dewey编码,该编码只需在文档更新时对新的节点赋予相应的编码,而不需要调整原有的编码结构.实验证明,DLSS索引结构可以在XML文档频繁更新或者较少更新时都能保持索引结构的相对稳定,并能在其上实现较高的关键字查询效率.     

概率XML文档Top-k关键字并行检索算法

概率XMI、是描述不确定数据的有效方式,Dcwcy编码是一种重要的XMI、文档关键字索引编码技术。在概率XML大文档关键字索引检索过程中,频繁地比较关键字索引Dewey编码非常耗时。针对上述问题,对概率XML文档进行分区,并设计了适合概率XML文档特点的关键字索引的Dewey编码策略,提出了一种概率XML文档Top-k关键字并行检索算法PTKS(Parallcl Top-k Keyword Scarch Algorithm)。实验证明,P"I'KS提高了概率XM工文档关键字检索的时间效率,尤其在文档结构复杂度高的情况下检索效率提高更加显著。     

一种高效的全文检索索引技术*

针对目前比较流行的基于词的倒排文档索引模型,结合全文检索数据的特点,提出了变长编码的索引压缩算法。利用该压缩编码,研究了基于内存缓存的快速创建索引的流程。通过实验,对索引膨胀率、创建时间和检索响应速度进行了对比分析,表明该技术提高了索引的空间与时间效率。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate