双F-P型高温/应变复合光纤传感器

针对机电设备多状态监测的需求,提出了一种新双F-P腔光纤温度/应变复合传感模型。该光纤复合传感器采用纯石英光纤作为材料,通过化学腐蚀法及使用准直毛细管制作了双F-P腔,分别用以温度和应变测量,并对制作的传感器进行了传感性能的模拟仿真和实验验证。实验结果表明:该双F-P腔光纤复合传感器测量的最高温度为1 000℃,温度灵敏度为10.998 pm/℃,满量程温度测量误差小于2%;该双F-P腔光纤复合传感器测量的最大应变为10 000με,应变灵敏度为3.268μm/με,应变测量误差小于2%。所提出的双F-P腔温度/应变光纤复合传感器实现了温度和应变的同时测量,可用于机电装备同一位置的温度、应变测量。     

用于低温环境的铂电阻温度微传感器

目前,铂电阻温度传感器主要应用于73 K(-200℃)以上环境的温度检测。设计了可用于10 K(-263℃)～200 K(-73℃)低温区的铂电阻温度微传感器。铂电阻温度微传感器采用对称的折回型结构,这种结构有效地降低了交流感抗的影响。传感器的敏感薄膜是一层采用磁控直流溅射沉积厚度为200 nm的铂薄膜。采用QD PPMS仪器测试传感器的电阻与温度的变化关系,得出传感器的电阻温度系数(TCR):研制的温度传感器的电阻温度系数在温度高于30K(-243℃)时可达到9980×10-6/K,同时在低于30K(-243℃)的深低温区域TCR也可达到3730×10-6/K。     

MEMS光纤法珀压力传感器的设计及解调方法实现

基于外界压力引起敏感膜片形变导致腔长变化来实现压力信号传感的原理,提出了一种MEMS光纤法珀压力传感器的设计,建立了传感器敏感膜片的挠度变化与膜厚、半径及施加压力的关系理论模型,并在此基础上进行了膜片的MATLAB二维数值仿真和Comsol Multiphysics三维数值仿真,并完成了FP压力敏感头的制作,进而设计了能够应用于光纤传感的解调方法,搭建了光纤传感的压力测试系统并进行了相关实验,利用所设计的解调方法对实验数据进行处理,进而对压力传感器的性能及特性进行了测试和验证。实验结果表明,传感器测试曲线线性度良好,与数值仿真结果基本一致,在100 kPa的量程范围内其灵敏度可达62.3 nm/kPa,温度敏感系数为0.023μm/℃,测量精度3.93%,且最小压强分辨率为1.29 kPa,证实了该MEMS光纤法珀压力传感系统具有一定的可行性。     

一类耐高压电涡流位移传感器的温度补偿研究

电涡流传感器的温度漂移制约了其测试精度,因此需要给以温度补偿;理论分析出导致传感器温度漂移的主要原因在于线圈电阻的温度系数过大,因此提出采用无感线圈进行补偿的方法,并给出了设计实例;实验表明该方法在20～90℃温度范围内补偿效果良好,温度稳定性达到0.7%;该方法简单、有效且成本低,可扩展应用于其他类型电涡流传感器.     

用铈锆固溶体制备新型氧浓差型氧传感器

利用氧化铈—氧化锆固溶体储氧材料的储氧特性,使其作为固态氧分压参考层,制备了一种新型的用于监测汽车尾气排放的氧浓差型氧传感器,克服了传统浓差型氧传感器制作工艺复杂、成本高、不便于微型化的缺点。该传感器结构由钇稳定的氧化锆电解质、氧化铈—氧化锆固溶体氧分压固态参考层和铂电极组成。利用N2和O2的混合气体来模拟尾气对其分别在工作温度350,400,450℃进行测试,发现在空燃比为1附近电势发生突变,突变电势范围为520~-100mV。     

用于脉搏波检测的背接触式触觉传感阵列单元

触觉传感器在脉搏波测量、仿生机器人等领域有重要应用。该方案制作背接触式传感器,并通过转移工艺实现芯片加工和圆片级芯片尺寸封装一体化,用组装工艺低成本实现大面积柔性触觉阵列,采用模块化设计,正压力与剪切力传感单元的尺寸和布线相同,制作可组装的标准单元,在传感器转移工艺中,采用无电极化学腐蚀自停止工艺,提高成品率。传感单元尺寸仅为300μｍ×300μｍ,与人类触觉传感的极限可比拟,灵敏度为2mV/10kPa,量程为150kPa,已用于研制新型脉诊仪的柔性传感阵列?实现了脉搏波的实时测量。     

炭黑/硅橡胶导电复合薄膜传感特性研究

利用溶剂法工艺成功制作了炭黑/硅橡胶导电复合薄膜(厚度约0.1mm),对其进行了拉伸、压缩及温度敏感性试验。测试结果表明,试样具有优良的拉-敏传感特性,随着拉伸变形的增大(应变达到25%)试样电阻不断增大,且电阻-应变之间具有较好的线性关系。压缩过程中,随着压力的增大(压力达到30MPa)试样电阻增大,两者同样具有较好的线性关系。温敏试验表明,试样电阻随温度的下降而降低,且趋势相似。研究结果表明,薄膜结构的炭黑/硅橡胶导电复合材料具有优良的传感特性。     

LC谐振式压力传感器的高温关键参数研究

无线无源高温压力传感器在高温、高压等恶劣环境中应用日益广泛,其耐高温性能已成为衡量传感器的一项最基本且重要的指标。利用低温共烧陶瓷LTCC(Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic)技术,分别设计和制作了陶瓷基片上电感及电容器件,并进行高温特性测试,通过讨论和分析确定了造成电感和电容随温度变化的原因。测试结果表明:在100℃~500℃温度范围内,电感L基本保持不变,等效串联电阻R增大了2.7倍,电容C增大了5.3%,从而LC谐振传感器的品质因数Q减小了72.8%。该测试及分析对高温环境下基于LC谐振式压力传感器的优化设计具有重要的指导意义。     

压阻式高温压力传感器温度补偿与信号调理设计与测试

设计制作了一种集成信号调理电路的高温压阻式压力传感器,包含倒装式的压敏敏片、无源电阻温度补偿电路和信号调理电路组成;压敏芯片的制作采用SOI材料和MEMS标准工艺,温度补偿和信号调理电路采用高温电子元件;试验表明,无源电阻温度补偿具有显著的效果;此外,采用了高温信号调理电路来提高传感器的输出灵敏度,通过温度补偿来降低输出灵敏度;与传统的经验算法相比,所提出的无源电阻温度补偿技术具有更小的温度漂移,在220℃条件下传感器输出灵敏度为4.93 mV/100 kPa,传感器灵敏度为总体测量精度为±2%FS;此外,由于柔性传感器的输出电压可调,因此不需要使用一般的电压转换器随动压力变送器,这大大降低了测试系统的成本,有望在恶劣环境下的压力测量中得到高度应用。     

氮化硅薄膜传感器的平面加工工艺研究

介绍一种以氮化硅薄膜为压力敏感膜、多晶硅为电阻应变计的压力传感器。该压力传感器先后采用2种不同的平面加工工艺进行加工,实际结果表明:改进后的工艺比较好。通过采用对称分布在一个敏感膜上的4只多晶硅电阻应变计串联组成惠斯通电桥的一个桥臂,减少桥臂电阻的制作误差。制作传感器样品并对传感器的电压输出特性进行了测试。测试结果表明:恒流激励的传感器的电压输出特性非常好,传感器具有过载保护功能。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate