无人机集群编队自组网可靠性评估

针对无人机集群编队自组网的可靠性评估问题,考虑无人机集群编队在执行任务时对信息交互的时效性需求,提出一种自组网可靠性评估方案.首先,分析消息传输的可用时间;其次,通过排队论建立消息传输延迟模型以计算消息传输所需时间;然后,以消息传输所需时间小于可用时间的概率作为评估指标建立消息传输可靠性计算模型,进而为无人机集群编队提供一个动态可靠性评估框架以适应集群编队体系配置和环境变化的随机性与时变特性;最后,仿真分析在不同传输任务需求下,编队构型、无人机数量、编队缩放因子、传输速率、信息交互强度以及环境干扰对消息传输可靠性的影响.仿真结果可以为集群编队的队形设计以及集群编队的体系配置提供一定参考依据.     

图形处理器通用计算关键技术研究综述

当前图形处理器的通用计算取得长足发展,为适应通用计算图形处理器在硬件体系结构和软件支持方面完成相应调整和改变,面对各种应用领域中数据规模增大的趋势,多GPU系统和GPU集群的研究应用日趋增多.以流处理器及图形处理器硬件体系为依据,介绍学术和工业领域中流处理器及图形处理器体系变化趋势.从软件编程环境、硬件计算与通信等方面展开讨论,阐述通用计算中图形处理器的关键问题,包括编程模型及语言的发展和方向,存储模型的量化研究、访存模式和行为的优化以及分布式存储管理的热点问题,典型通信原型系统的对比及通信难点的分析,GPU片内和片间的负载均衡,可靠性和容错计算,GPU功耗评测及低功耗优化的研究进展.综述在海量数据处理、智能计算、复杂网络、集群应用领域中图形处理器的研究进展及成果.总结在通用计算发展中存在的技术问题和未来挑战.     

基于语义分割与深度估计的行车环境实时解析

道路行车环境的实时解析是智能驾驶的关键技术,尽管神经网络在实现语义分割和深度估计上能取得不错的精度,但由于模型参数多、计算量大等问题,导致难以实现实时计算。针对该问题,提出了一个轻量化、高效的特征提取模块和一个综合考虑语义信息和深度信息的特征解码模块,在一个网络中同时完成语义分割和深度估计两个任务。在CityScapes数据集中,语义分割预测结果的mIOU为65.0%、深度估计结果的误差为0.21,并且在单个GPU上推断速度达到了65FPS,满足实时性要求。     

开销敏感的多处理器最优节能实时调度算法

嵌入式多处理器系统的能耗问题变得日益重要,如何减少能耗同时满足实时约束成为多处理器系统节能实时调度中的一个重要问题.目前绝大多数研究基于关键速度降低处理器的频率以减少动态能耗,采用关闭处理器的方法减少静态能耗.虽然这种方法可以实现节能,但是不能保证最小化能耗.而现有最优的节能实时调度未考虑处理器状态切换的时间和能量开销,因此在切换开销不可忽视的实际平台中不再是最优的.文中针对具有独立动态电压频率调节和动态功耗管理功能的多处理器系统,考虑处理器切换开销,提出一种基于帧任务模型的最优节能实时调度算法.该算法根据关键速度来判断系统负载情况,确定具有最低能耗值的活跃处理器个数,然后根据状态切换开销来确定最优调度序列.该算法允许实时任务在处理器之间任意迁移,计算复杂度小,易于实现.数学分析证明了该算法的最优性.     

GPU-CPU集群上的动态规划算法

随着GPU的飞速发展,利用GPU进行图形计算之外的高性能计算已经成为一个研究热点.由此提出,将GPU作为协处理器,插入通用计算节点,构建GPU-CPU集群系统,使用相应的分块算法,把计算矩阵分块,然后采用:function offoad编程模型,将动态规划算法映射到CPU上进行加速计算.实验证明,利用该系统对动态规划算法进行优化,获得了很好的性能提高和加速比.     

基于OpenCL的实时KD-Tree与动态场景光线跟踪

目前,基于GPU或多核CPU加速的光线跟踪算法是与硬件相关的.研究具有跨平台性能的实时光线跟踪算法既具有挑战性,又具有很强的应用价值.为此,提出一种基于OpenCL并且跨平台的动态场景实时光线跟踪绘制算法.首先通过对通用GPU并行处理性能进行发掘,将光线跟踪中KD-Tree建立、场景遍历和绘制3个过程均设计在GPU上,而CPU只负责其中各过程的调度,从而充分利用了GPU的计算性能,并有效地降低了数据传输开销;通过设计并行分区、并行SAH、紧密的数据管理以及区间性叶结点存储等算法,在GPU中高效、高质量地建立动态场景的KD-Tree,同时高质量的KD-Tree也有效地加速了场景的遍历速度.该算法以广度优先和大规模并行模式建立K D-Tree,更具通用性,既可以运行于NVIDIA GPU(CUDA GPU),也可以运行于AMD GPU.实验结果表明,文中算法可以在NVIDIA GPU和AMD GPU上对中等规模的动态场景实现实时光线跟踪绘制.     

异构GPU集群的任务调度方法研究及实现

GPU集群已经成为高性能计算的重要方式,特别对于计算密集型应用,具有成本低、性能高、功耗小的优势.为了解决GPU集群系统运行中的任务负载均衡问题,文中提出了一种面向计算密集型应用的异构GPU集群调度方法,该方法可以自动发现计算节点,并动态估计计算节点的计算能力,并根据计算能力、任务的计算强度和优先级在异构GPU集群上合理分配计算资源.同时,该系统还具有容错能力,能够处理计算节点的意外退出,可恢复意外退出计算节点的计算任务,并动态适应系统的计算规模.通过实验表明,文中采用的策略达到了预期目的     

基于GPU的真实感毛发快速绘制

提出一种基于图形处理器(GPU)加速的真实感毛发快速绘制方法.方法通过混合绘制多层次的半透明纹理层来表示物体表面的毛发效果,并在绘制过程充分运用了GPU的可编程功能.其中采用GPU的顶点绘制器来完成多层网格层顶点位置的计算;采用像素绘制器来实现毛发特殊光照效果的计算.实验表明,通过采用GPU可编程计算,毛发的绘制速度得到了明显提高.方法对中等规模的模型达到了实时的毛发绘制速度,并具有逼真的仿真效果.     

面向节点异构GPU集群的能量有效调度方案

GPU集群已经成为高性能计算(HPC)领域的主流组件。随着处理单元的发展和集群节点的拓展,GPU集群将在节点层面趋于异构化。提出一套针对异构任务在节点异构GPU集群上的能量有效调度方案。形式化地描述其任务和资源模型以及能耗评估模型。通过特定的节点选择策略,减少空闲状态的能耗损失。通过任务类型划分和组合分配以及DVFS,增加CPU资源利用率。该方案从系统层面着手,能够与现有的算法和指令层面的优化方法兼容。     

面向AI数据流处理的边缘GPU集群通信系统

在边缘计算场景中,GPU集群需要应对终端设备所产生的数量庞大的AI计算任务.AI计算任务在边缘GPU集群内的响应耗时不仅包括计算时间,还包括数据传输和排队等待延时.因此,任务数据传输和AI数据流调度也是影响GPU集群数据处理性能的关键因素.传统网络协议栈的低效率和专用高速网络设备的高成本,并不适用于边缘场景中大规模AI数据流的实时处理.本文基于DPDK技术提出多核多网卡的并行通信机制,利用集群空闲的CPU资源加快数据传输;兼顾节点计算能力和网络负载分析节点实时处理能力制定数据流分配策略,并实现了由数据接入量驱动的动态多核多缓冲区模型,减少了任务计算的等待时间.实验结果表明,提出的通信调度方案不仅能够增加约30%的集群数据流容量,而且带宽利用率能够达到90%;在总AI任务量相同的情况下,归功于DPDK高效的数据包处理能力,避免了大量的AI任务因传输失败而被丢弃的情况.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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