基于多指标灰区间数关联决策模型的产品方案设计

针对复杂产品方案设计中属性信息的不完全性和不确定性,研究了方案设计中多指标灰区间数关联决策计算方法.提出一种基于灰色系统理论的多指标灰区间数关联决策模型.该模型通过引入灰区间敷序列的范数实现多指标决策矩阵的规范化处理,构建了综合考虑灰色信息的正负理想区间方案,利用方案的优属度从整体性的角度获得最优决策方案.最后,通过大型水轮机的方案设计,验证了该模型的有效性和实用性.     

基于区间数的多时点多属性灰靶决策模型

针对多属性决策的不确定性和多时点性,提出基于区间数的多时点多属性灰靶决策模型.该方法依据逼近理想解方法和区间数的运算规则,结合指标权重来计算案例的正负靶心距;基于灰熵和时间度建立时点权重的求解模型;根据指标权重和时间点权重给出对各时点的靶心距进行集结的目标函数,利用隶属度对案例进行排序,进一步完善了灰靶决策理论.最后,通过具体算例验证了所提出模型的可行性和有效性.     

基于累积前景理论的动态风险灰靶决策方法

研究信息值为区间灰数, 指标权重未知的动态风险决策问题, 提出一种基于累积前景理论和灰靶思想的决策方法. 该方法定义了区间灰数的距离测度和排序方法; 以各指标值的平均值作为参照点计算各时段的前景矩阵; 通过WAA算子将动态前景矩阵集结为静态前景矩阵; 在此基础上求解基于极大熵思想的规划模型得出各指标权重. 构造正负椭球灰靶模型, 根据各方案的正负靶心综合距对方案进行排序. 最后, 通过算例分析结果验证了该方法更加符合决策者的心理行为.

     

基于前景理论的多目标灰靶决策方法

针对权重信息部分已知且属性值为区间数的多目标决策问题,考虑决策者风险态度对多目标决策的影响,提出一种基于前景理论的区间数多目标灰靶决策方法.该方法利用奖优罚劣的区间数线性变换算子对原始决策信息进行规范化处理,设计正负理想靶心,并定义前景价值函数.利用该构建方案建立优化模型以得出最优权向量,并最终确定出方案的排序.最后,通过一个实例验证了该模型适用于具有风险态度特性的区间数多指标决策,并且表明了该模型的有效性和可行性.     

基于后悔理论的多目标灰靶决策方法

针对属性值为区间灰数、权重信息不确定的多目标决策问题, 考虑决策者的心理行为, 提出一种基于后悔理论的多目标灰靶决策方法. 首先构造基于正负理想点的欣喜-后悔值函数, 建立正负靶心, 同时考虑方案与正负理想方案的接近性, 利用正负靶心距的空间投影距离构造一种新的靶心距函数, 并构建非线性优化模型来确定目标权重,最终确定出方案的排序. 最后以城市应急实例验证了所提出方法的有效性和可行性.

     

基于时间度的风险型动态灰色多属决策方法

针对方案属性值为区间灰数的动态多属性决策问题,提出了一种基于前景理论的动态多属性决策方法。定义了区间灰数新的距离测度;鉴于被评价对象在时序上的差异信息和波动性,建立了基于熵和时间度的确定时间权重的优化模型;以两两方案互为参考点确定了前景价值函数,由此构建了求解最优权向量的优化模型,最后以方案的综合前景值对方案进行排序。通过实例说明了该方法的合理性和有效性。     

三参数区间灰数信息下的动态多属性决策方法

针对方案属性值为三参数区间灰数的动态多属性决策问题, 提出一种基于前景理论的动态多属性决策方法. 定义了三参数区间灰数距离测度和排序方法; 鉴于被评价对象在时序上的差异信息和波动性, 建立基于方差和时间度的确定时间权重的优化模型; 以两两方案互为参考点确定前景价值函数, 由此构建求解最优权向量的优化模型,并通过求解方案的综合前景值对方案进行排序. 实例研究表明了该方法的合理性和有效性.

     

一种基于前景理论的三参数区间灰数型群体灰靶决策方法

考虑决策者关于指标满意域和风险态度对群体决策的影响, 提出基于前景理论的三参数区间灰数型群体灰靶决策方法. 该方法利用“奖优罚劣”的三参数区间灰数线性变换算子对原始决策信息进行规范化处理, 能够充分反映决策值是否中靶. 在此基础上, 以规范化区间的零点作为参考点, 定义前景价值函数. 依据群体一致性和极大熵原理构建决策者权重模型, 根据综合前景值的正负判断方案是否中靶. 最后, 通过实例表明了所提出方法的有效性和优越性.     

基于“离合”思想的混合型灰色多属性决策方法

针对方案属性值为三参数区间灰数和模糊语言的混合型灰色多属性决策问题, 提出一种基于“离合”思想的混合灰靶决策方法. 首先, 定义三参数区间灰数的距离测度和排序方法; 然后, 鉴于灰信息与模糊信息相互转化的信息损失问题, 定义?? 维模糊球形灰靶和?? 维混合球形灰靶, 讨论正负靶心的情形, 并利用奖优罚劣原则构造综合靶心距, 建立混合正负靶心灰靶决策模型; 最后, 将所提出的方法应用于黄河宁蒙段防凌防汛的方案择优问题, 分析了属性权重和决策者风险偏好的选取对决策的影响, 结果验证了所提出方法的合理性和有效性.

     

基于一种新得分函数和累积前景理论的毕达哥拉斯模糊TOPSIS法

针对属性权重未知、评价信息为毕达哥拉斯模糊数的多属性决策问题,对毕达哥拉斯模糊集的得分函数进行深入分析,为解决现有得分函数中存在的不足,提出一种新得分函数,通过证明其相关定理,分析新得分函数的性质.将新得分函数运用到毕达哥拉斯模糊多属性决策问题中,以帮助决策者更好地处理模糊的决策信息.此外,针对现有大多数毕达哥拉斯模糊多属性决策方法基于决策者是完全理性的假设,忽略决策者在面临风险时的不同主观价值感受,引入累积前景理论,提出基于新得分函数和累积前景理论的毕达哥拉斯模糊TOPSIS法.该方法利用前景价值代替各方案与正负理想解之间的距离测度,能够避免忽略不同属性间相关性对决策结果造成的影响,同时将各属性的灰靶贡献度近似看作对应指标对评价结果的重要程度以确定各属性的权重大小.最后,通过实例分析验证了所提出得分函数及相关定理的正确性,并通过仿真数据进一步验证了所提出方法的有效性和可行性.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate