自组网Random Direction移动模型点空间概率分布的研究

在无线自组网的研究中，研究移动模型点的空间概率分布是研究自组网协议的仿真评价和分析移动自组网许多相关特性(例如网络连通性、最小生成树、平均路径长度、网络容量等)的重要的基础问题．针对自组网经常使用的Random Direction移动模型运动节点的空间分布进行了研究，给出了一维及二维情况下运动节点空间概率分布的精确公式．研究结果为基于Random Direction移动模型的证明、仿真与应用提供了严格的理论依据．     

基于Bezier曲线的移动模型研究

现有的移动模型大多采用简单的、随机的直线运动来描述物体的移动模式,难以描述现实场景下规避障碍物的曲线移动模式.为解决现有移动模型存在的这些问题,提出一种基于Bezier曲线的移动模型.首先从理论上对该模型的应用进行了详细分析,其次提出了曲线场景下的节点概率分布的分析模型和算法,最后从多个场景进行了仿真验证和比较分析.研究结果表明,与典型的Random Waypoint模型相比,该模型不但可描述移动自组网在有障碍物约束的普遍现实应用场景,而且在同样的场景下具有更优的节点概率分布,使移动自组网表现出良好的动态特性,因此可为移动自组网的仿真研究提供现实的应用场景.     

机器人自组网的运动控制模型仿真研究

机器人自组网具有较高的军事和民用价值;基于机器人通用运动学模型,对传统自组网的节点运动模型——随机路点和随机方向移动模型进行了修改,为机器人自组网中的节点建立了运动控制模型,并建立了机器人自组网的网络模型,对几种运动模型进行了仿真分析;结果表明,在机器人自组网的仿真场景中网络性能有所恶化;达到了较为真实地仿真机器人自组网的目的,得出的结论对机器人自组网的仿真研究具有一定的参考价值。     

MANET节点移动模型仿真研究

移动自组网（MANET）节点移动特性对网络拓扑结构有重要影响,在合理的节点移动模型下对网络性能的评估才真实可靠。通过对网络仿真软件NS2进行拓展,实现个体、群体和具有地域限制的节点移动模型,提出物理链路和路由协议2个层面的评估准则,给出不同类节点模型对路由协议性能的影响程度。对研究和评估MANET的路由协议有重要的参考价值。     

随机停留点移动模型下AODV路由协议性能仿真

随机停留点移动模型是无线自组网协议性能仿真中常见且广泛使用的移动模型,在仿真过程中存在节点平均移动速度衰减和节点空间分布边界效应问题.讨论分析了造成问题的主要原因,并给出避免节点平均移动速度衰减的方案.最后通过设置不同的节点最大移动速度和节点停留时问这两个移动参数,借助NS-2仿真分析了AODV路由协议性能的变化.仿真结果表明,节点移动速度的变化对AODV路由协议性能影响大,停留时间越长、移动速度越慢,AODV路由协议的分组投递率越大、分组端到端平均传输延时越小.     

自组网Random Waypoint移动模型节点空间概率分布的研究

Random Waypoint模型是自组网经常使用的移动模型,对这种移动模型下运动节点的空间概率分布进行了研究,得到了一维与二维区域的运动节点空间概率分布的精确公式,解决了自组网仿真模型的一个遗留问题．研究结果为基于Random Waypoint移动模型的自组网理论的推导、证明、仿真与应用提供了理论依据,对基于该模型的自组网仿真具有实践指导意义．     

移动自组网信任模型研究

移动自组网具有无中心、自组织和拓扑结构动态变化等特性,传统的安全机制无法阻止网络中泄密节点、“自私”节点的恶意行为。信任机制的引入成为解决移动自组网安全问题的重要手段。该文深入研究分析了现有适用于移动组网的信任模型,提出了自己的理解和建议。     

基于TCP传输的移动自组网路由协议性能分析

本文就移动自组网的关键技术之一--路由协议做了性能上的分析.以往对路由协议的仿真,传输的是基于UDP的CBR数据流,其对在移动自组网中传输FTP数据流无指导意义.本文中给出了DSR、DSDV、AODV三种典型协议在节点不同移动速度下的基于TCP传输的仿真,对路由协议的主要性能参数:有效发送量、延时和丢包率进行了统计分析.仿真结果表明:有效发送量DSR好于DSDV,AODV最差;从延时方面分析,DSDV具有最小的端到端延时,而AODV又比DSR好;在对丢包率分析时,AODV的丢包率最大,DSDV的次之,DSR的丢包率最低.仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性.     

移动自组网中基于按需加权的NTDR分簇算法

本文分析了移动自组网几种典型分簇算法,并针对现有分簇算法的不足,提出基于按需加权的NTDR（DWNTDR）分簇算法,该算法综合考虑影响移动自组网性能的节点度,速度等多种因素。通过模拟和比较各分簇算法,证明该算法更适合移动自组网入侵检测系统。     

无线自组网按需路由协议比较研究

Ad Hoc网络是一种移动自组织多跳网络.路由协议是移动节点互相通信的基础,因此成为当前自组网体系结构中的研究热点.本文介绍被多数无线自组网所采用的按需路由协议DSR和AODV,并仿真分析了两种协议的网络性能和各自特点.     

A novel mobility model based on semi-random circular movement in mobile ad hoc networks

When simulating a mobile ad hoc network (MANET), it is important to use a realistic mobility model to reflect the actual performance of a mobile system. The spatial distribution of node locations in a mobile model plays a key role when investigating the characteristics of a MANET. However, most existing mobility models with random and simple straight line movement lead to unrealistic scenarios and non-uniform distributions, and can not describe the actual movement of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) connected via a MANET. To address this issue, a novel mobility model based on semi-random circular movement (SRCM) is presented. The approximate node distribution function in SRCM is derived within a 2D disk region. The relationship between application performance and node distribution is investigated for a UAV MANET, with focus on scan coverage and network connectivity. A simulation using the NS2 tool is conducted. It is shown that the presented model with a uniform distribution performs better than the popular Random Waypoint mobility model. The SRCM model with the NS2 simulator provides a realistic way for simulation and performance evaluation of UAV MANETs.     

具有多出入口区域的节点移动和分布研究

在Ad Hoc网络的仿真研究中,节点移动模型的选择会严重影响到网络的拓扑结构和通信协议的性能.然而,现有移动模型大多是为理想环境设计的,不能适用于真实环境.在理想移动模型RWP(Random Waypoint)的基础上,提出了具有多出入口区域的RWP节点移动模型(RWP with entrances,RWPWE).在该模型中,区域出入口是节点进出区域的必经之地,节点在区域内的移动符合RWP节点移动模型,通过引入域内停留概率来完成节点在区域内外移动的转移,并从节点移动速度、移动时间、移动路程和空间分布概率等几个方面研究了区域出入口的影响.理论分析和实验仿真的结果表明,由于出入口的存在,与RWP模型相比节点的移动更加复杂,节点的空间分布也显著不同,这些差别将会影响到网络的拓扑性能和对网络协议的评价.     

Using mobile node speed changes for movement direction change prediction in a realistic category of mobility models

In order to evaluate performance of protocols for ad hoc networks, the protocols have to be tested under realistic conditions. These conditions may include a reasonable transmission range, a limited buffer size, and realistic movement of mobile users (mobility models). In this paper, we propose a new and realistic type of random mobility models in which the mobile node has to decelerate to reach the point of direction change and accelerates with a defined acceleration to reach its intended speed. This realistic mobility model is proposed based on random mobility models. In reality, mobile objects tend to change their speed when they are going to change their direction, i.e. decelerate when approaching a direction change point and accelerate when they start their movement in a new direction. Therefore, in this paper, we implement this behavior in random mobility models which lack such specification. In fact, this paper represents our effort to use this accelerated movement to anticipate a probable direction change of a mobile node with reasonable confidence. The simulation type of this paper is based on traces produced by a mobility trace generator tool. We use a data mining concept called association rule mining to find any possible correlations between accelerated movement of mobile node and the probability that mobile node wants to change its direction. We calculate confidence and lift parameters for this matter, and simulate this mobility model based on random mobility models. These simulations show a meaningful correlation between occurrence of an accelerated movement and event of mobile node's direction change.     

基于极端学习机的MANET移动性预测模型

针对移动自组织网络移动性在管理无线网络带宽资源可用性方面的重要性,为了更好地规划连续服务可用性和有效能源管理以提升网络的整体服务质量,提出了一种基于极端学习机的MANET移动性预测模型。利用ELM对MANET中的任意节点进行建模;假设已知每个移动节点当前的移动性信息（位置、速度和运动方向角度）,以这种方式预测节点未来的位置和相邻节点之间未来的距离;基于几个标准移动性模型,产生更加真实、精确的移动性预测,从而更好地捕捉任意节点直角坐标系之间现有交互/相关性。使用标准移动性模型的仿真结果验证了所提模型的有效性,实验结果表明,提出的预测模型明显改进了传统基于多层感知器的模型,此外,当预测相邻节点之间未来距离时,避免了当前算法对预测精度的限制。     

一种Ad Hoc网络群组移动模型

全面介绍了当前群组移动模型的研究进展,分析了不同群组移动模型的特点和应用范围,针时现有移动模型不能有效反映群组节点运动过程中行为特性的不足,提出了基于Gibbs分布模拟退火的群组移动(Gibbs sampler based simulated annealing group mobility,简称GGM)模型,并与目前广泛采用的参考点群组移动(reference point group mobility,简称RPGM)模型进行仿真比较,分析了两种群组移动模型对网络协议性能评价与网络拓扑的影响.仿真结果表明,通过选择不同的Gibbs势函数,GGM模型能够有效描述群体运动过程中的聚集行为、分散行为和列队行为;模型比较的结果也表明,不同的移动模型对Ad Hoc网络协议性能具有不同的影响.     

An environment-aware mobility model for wireless ad hoc network

Simulation is a cost effective, fast and flexible alternative to test-beds or practical deployment for evaluating the characteristics and potential of mobile ad hoc networks. Since environmental context and mobility have a great impact on the accuracy and efficacy of performance measurement, it is of paramount importance how closely the mobility of a node resembles its movement pattern in a real-world scenario. The existing mobility models mostly assume either free space for deployment and random node movement or the movement pattern does not emulate real-world situation properly in the presence of obstacles because of their generation of restricted paths. This demands for the development of a node movement pattern with accurately representing any obstacle and existing path in a complex and realistic deployment scenario. In this paper, we propose a general mobility model capable of creating a more realistic node movement pattern by exploiting the concept of flexible positioning of anchors. Since the model places anchors depending upon the context of the environment through which nodes are guided to move towards the destination, it is capable of representing any terrain realistically. Furthermore, obstacles of arbitrary shapes with or without doorways and any existing pathways in full or part of the terrain can be incorporated which makes the simulation environment more realistic. A detailed computational complexity has been analyzed and the characteristics of the proposed mobility model in the presence of obstacles in a university campus map with and without signal attenuation are presented which illustrates its significant impact on performance evaluation of wireless ad hoc networks.     

SmallWorld Model-Based Polylogarithmic Routing Using Mobile Nodes

The use of mobile nodes to improve network system performance has drawn considerable attention recently. The movement-assisted model considers mobility as a desirable feature,where routing is based on the store-carry-forward paradigm with random or controlled movement of resource rich mobile nodes.The application of such a model has been used in several emerging networks,including mobile ad hoc networks(MANETs),wireless sensor networks(WSNs),and delay tolerant networks(DTNs).It is well known that mobility increases the capacity of MANETs by reducing the number of relays for routing,prolonging the lifespan of WSNs by using mobile nodes in place of bottleneck static sensors,and ensuring network connectivity in DTNs using mobile nodes to connect different parts of a disconnected network.Trajectory planning and the coordination of mobile nodes are two important design issues aiming to optimize or balance several measures, including delay,average number of relays,and moving distance.In this paper,we propose a new controlled mobility model with an expected polylogarithmic number of relays to achieve a good balance among several contradictory goals,including delay,the number of relays,and moving distance.The model is based on the small-world model where each static node has"short"link connections to its nearest neighbors and"long"link connections to other nodes following a certain probability distribution.Short links are regular wireless connections whereas long links are implemented using mobile nodes.Various issues are considered,including trade-offs between delay and average number of relays,selection of the number of mobile nodes,and selection of the number of long links.The effectiveness of the proposed model is evaluated analytically as well as through simulation.