供应商能力有约束的混合型多属性决策方法

研究了一种混合型多属性决策方法,用于多资源模型的供应商选择问题,并将供应商选择过程分为2个阶段.首先用熵系数模型确定评价指标的客观权重,利用逼近理想解排序法模型排定方案优劣次序;然后建立多目标规划模型确定采购数量在入选供应商之间的分配;最后给出了一个算例,算例结果表明该方法可行且有效.     

基于群智能的模糊多目标软件可靠性冗余分配

针对软件可靠性冗余分配问题,建立了一种模糊多目标分配模型,并提出了基于分布估计的细菌觅食优化算法求解该模型。将软件可靠性和成本作为模糊目标函数,通过三角形隶属函数对模糊多目标进行处理,用高斯分布对细菌觅食算法进行优化,并将该优化算法用来求解多目标软件可靠性冗余分配问题,设置不同的隶属函数参数可以得到不同的Pareto最优解,实验数据验证了该群智能算法对解决多目标软件可靠性分配的有效性和正确性,Pareto最优解可为在可靠性和成本之间决策提供依据。     

基于网络声誉的供应商选择模糊规划模型

根据网络声誉在供应商选择中的重要作用, 运用不确定理论, 对选择最有效的供应商组合问题进行研究。先运用模糊线性权重法确定供应商的声誉综合评价值,再结合产品成本、市场需求等内外环境因素,建立了模糊环境下的供应商组合选择模型,以确定最优的供应商组合及订货量。通过运用一种基于模糊模拟、遗传算法及神经网络的混合智能算法进行算例分析,验证了模型的可行性。     

一种模糊偏好排序的多目标粒子群算法*

为了将决策者对各目标属性的模糊评判信息转换为目标偏好信息,首先将模糊语义转换为三角模糊数,利用模糊数的广义加法、近似乘法和标量乘法进行计算, 从而将决策者对目标属性的离散意见转换为对各目标的综合意见;然后采用多指标模糊排序法确定决策者权重,通过定义一种模糊综合排序指标来确定各目标偏好权重,依据目标权重构建判断多目标Pareto解的适应度函数,并采用粒子群算法对多目标问题进行求解;最后通过一个算例来说明该算法的实用性和有效性。     

供应链中供应商选择决策方法

为了克服传统供应商选择过程中面向单一解的局限性,更好地解决供应链中供应商选择的多目标优化问题,达到费用和效益最佳,以产品价格、质量、交货可靠性和交货提前期为评估指标,建立了供应商选择多目标优化模型.首次将SPEA2算法应用于供应商选择问题,构造了适合该模型特征的SPEA2算法求解过程,可针对多个求解目标获得一组均衡解.模拟算例中一次得到多组有效解,表明所建立模型及所用方法是有效、可行的,它为制造企业获得有多种解决方案的供应商选择问题提供了可参考的模型和求解算法.     

舰艇编队防空目标分配优化算法研究

针对所要解决的舰艇编队防空目标分配问题,文章结合现代防空作战特点,建立了防空目标分配模型,并讨论了数学模型的求解问题。对模拟退火算法、遗传算法、禁忌搜索算法进行了分析和研究,运用MATLAB软件编程仿真来解决所建立的防空目标分配模型。研究表明,禁忌搜索算法每次都能以100%的概率搜索到全局最优解,但由于其搜索时间过长而且搜索时间的随机性太强,不适用于解决战时的目标分配问题。而模拟退火算法和遗传算法则可以在较短的时间内达到较高的搜索概率,在实际运用中,应根据所限定时间的不同来对这两种算法进行选择使用。另外,从程序的复杂度上来看,模拟退火算法的程序相对较为简单,而遗传算法的程序相对较为复杂。     

空战多目标模糊聚类算法研究

针对传统多机多目标攻击不易解算攻击任务分配,且计算量大的问题,提出基于划分的多目标模糊聚类算法,该算法根据目标属性的相似性进行多目标分类,可以有效地降低多目标任务分配解算维数,减少运算量,提高解算速度。采用FCM算法以及改进FCM算法度量方式构成的其他各个不同算法,建立空战多目标模糊聚类数学模型,对两组不同数据进行仿真分析,得到不同情况下的各算法的优劣性及适用性。     

基于灰熵关联分析的流水车间多目标调度优化及算法实现

求解流水车间多目标调度优化问题及算法适应度值分配问题, 结合灰色关联度分析方法及信息熵理论提出灰熵关联度适应值分配策略, 利用灰关联系数结合熵值权重计算适应度值, 以灰熵关联度值引导启发式算法进化. 将该方法应用到差分算法及遗传算法中解决三目标流水车间调度问题. 实验表明: 灰熵关联度适应值分配策略能够解决该问题, 可以得到分布均匀的Pareto 前端; 同时, 基于此策略的差分算法得到的解好于遗传算法的解.     

基于灰熵关联分析的流水车间多目标调度优化及算法实现

求解流水车间多目标调度优化问题及算法适应度值分配问题,结合灰色关联度分析方法及信息熵理论提出灰熵关联度适应值分配策略,利用灰关联系数结合熵值权重计算适应度值,以灰熵关联度值引导启发式算法进化.将该方法应用到差分算法及遗传算法中解决三目标流水车间调度问题.实验表明:灰熵关联度适应值分配策略能够解决该问题,可以得到分布均匀的Pareto前端;同时,基于此策略的差分算法得到的解好于遗传算法的解.     

求解人力资源分配问题的多目标和声搜索算法

人力资源分配问题是将若干个人力资源合理分配给若干个工作任务,从而达到人力生产效率最大化与人力生产成本最小化。文中提出一种改进的多目标和声搜索(MOIHS)算法来求解人力资源分配问题。MOIHS算法是通过改变记忆考虑的选择机制与微调概率来改进基本的和声算法提高算法收敛稳定性,并采用快速非支配排序方法与建立动态拥挤的距离来获得一个分布良好的Pareto解集。在求解人力资源分配问题时,同时优化人力生产成本最小化与效率最大化两个目标,最后通过一个实例可以得到在解决该问题上多目标改进和声搜索算法优于多目标遗传算法,求出的解集也具有良好的分布性。     

电网中断下基于DWOA的生鲜产品闭环供应链网络多目标模糊优化设计

针对生鲜产品供应链网络设计问题,建立了一种电网中断下的闭环生鲜供应链网络多目标模糊优化设计模型,以此解决供应链网络设计中的不确定性问题.首先,针对电网中断下生鲜产品闭环供应链网络结构设计,建立目标为成本最小、碳排放最少、中断时间最短的优化函数,采用Me测度和三角模糊数对该模型进行处理,将多目标问题转换为单目标问题;其次,在原有鲸鱼算法的基础上,引入差分算法的交叉和变异理念,增强其搜索能力,改善其局限性,得到改进差分鲸鱼优化算法(DWOA),并采用此方法对处理后的模型求解;最后,通过数值实例和敏感性分析表明,提出的算法和模型在处理生鲜产品供应链网络优化设计方面具有较强的求解能力,且计算时间较短.     

可持续闭环供应链网络设计的多目标模糊规划问题

为解决不确定条件下可持续闭环供应链网络设计的问题,以成本和环境影响最小、社会影响最大为目标,建立带有模糊参数的多目标闭环供应链网络规划模型.首先采用Me测度处理相关模糊目标和参数,并运用加权增广Epsilon-约束方法解决多目标问题,在此基础上设计一种基于[0, 1]随机数的双层编码遗传鲸鱼(GA–WOA)混合算法进行求解,然后构造多个不同规模算例,将混合算法求解结果与CPLEX、遗传算法的求解结果进行对比,结果证明该编码方式和混合算法具有合理性.最后针对模型的多个参数变化进行分析,以验证所建模型的可行性.     

基于模糊优化的物流配送路径(MLRP)问题研究

研究采用嵌入模糊决策规则的遗传算法（即模糊优化方法）求解物流配送多目标定位-运输路线安排问题（MLRP）,重点考虑了时间和运输成本两个目标的MLRP的求解方法.该算法分成3个阶段,首先利用遗传算法对初始种群搜索选择优化配送路径;然后应用配送网络调度算法综合评价来确定配送路径中的关键路径和非关键路径;最后根据模糊决策规则计算其各个调度相应的指标,并对已挑选出来的染色体中的某些位基因进行调整,以提高算法的收敛性.计算机仿真结果证明了将此混合算法用于求解中、小规模物流配送问题的有效性.     

An integrated fuzzy TOPSIS and MCGP approach to supplier selection in supply chain management

Supplier selection is an important issue in supply chain management. In recent years, determining the best supplier in the supply chain has become a key strategic consideration. However, these decisions usually involve several objectives or criteria, and it is often necessary to compromise among possibly conflicting factors. Thus, the multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) becomes a useful approach to solve this kind of problem. Considering both tangible and intangible criteria, this study proposes integrated fuzzy techniques for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and multi-choice goal programming (MCGP) approach to solve the supplier selection problem. The advantage of this method is that it allows decision makers to set multiple aspiration levels for supplier selection problems. The integrated model is illustrated by an example in a watch firm.     

An integrated supply chain model for new products with imprecise production and supply under scenario dependent fuzzy random demand

In the present day business scenario, instant changes in market demand, different source of materials and manufacturing technologies force many companies to change their supply chain planning in order to tackle the real-world uncertainty. The purpose of this paper is to develop a multi-objective two-stage stochastic programming supply chain model that incorporates imprecise production rate and supplier capacity under scenario dependent fuzzy random demand associated with new product supply chains. The objectives are to maximise the supply chain profit, achieve desired service level and minimise financial risk. The proposed model allows simultaneous determination of optimum supply chain design, procurement and production quantities across the different plants, and trade-offs between inventory and transportation modes for both inbound and outbound logistics. Analogous to chance constraints, we have used the possibility measure to quantify the demand uncertainties and the model is solved using fuzzy linear programming approach. An illustration is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Sensitivity analysis is performed for maximisation of the supply chain profit with respect to different confidence level of service, risk and possibility measure. It is found that when one considers the service level and risk as robustness measure the variability in profit reduces.     

An integrated model for closed-loop supply chain configuration and supplier selection: Multi-objective approach

Reverse logistics consists of all operations related to the reuse of products. External suppliers are one of the important members of reverse logistics and closed loop supply chain (CLSC) networks. However in CLSC network configuration models, suppliers are assessed based on purchasing cost and other factors such as on-time delivery are ignored. In this research, a general closed loop supply chain network is examined that includes manufacturer, disassembly, refurbishing, and disposal sites. Meanwhile, it is managed by the manufacturer. We propose an integrated model which has two phases. In the first phase, a framework for supplier selection criteria in RL is proposed. Besides, a fuzzy method is designed to evaluate suppliers based on qualitative criteria. The output of this stage is the weight of each supplier according to each part. In the second phase, we propose a multi objective mixed-integer linear programming model to determine which suppliers and refurbishing sites should be selected (strategic decisions), and find out the optimal number of parts and products in CLSC network (tactical decisions). The objective functions maximize profit and weights of suppliers, and one of them minimizes defect rates. To our knowledge, this model is the first effort to consider supplier selection, order allocation, and CLSC network configuration, simultaneously. The mathematical programming model is validated through numerical analysis.     

A particle swarm approach for optimizing a multi-stage closed loop supply chain for the solar cell industry

In order to implement sustainable strategies in a supply chain, enterprises should provide highly favorable and effective solutions for reducing carbon dioxide emissions, which brings out the issues of designing and managing a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). This paper studies an integrated CLSC network design problem with cost and environmental concerns in the solar energy industry from sustainability perspectives. A multi-objective closed-loop supply chain design (MCSCD) model has been proposed, in consideration of many practical characteristics including flow conservation at each production/recycling unit of forward/reverse logistics (FL/RL), capacity expansion, and recycled components. A deterministic multi-objective mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model capturing the tradeoffs between the total cost and total CO₂ emissions was developed to address the multistage CSLC design problem. Subsequently, a multi-objective PSO (MOPSO) algorithm with crowding distance-based nondominated sorting approach is developed to search the near-optimal solution of the MCSCD model. The computational study shows that the proposed MOPSO algorithm is suitable and effective for solving large-scale complicated CLSC structure than the conventional branch-and-bound optimization approach. Analysis results show that an enterprise needs to apply an adequate recycling strategy or energy saving technology to achieve a better economic effectiveness if the carbon emission regulation is applied. Consequently, the Pareto optimal solution obtained from MOPSO algorithm may give the superior suggestions of CLSC design, such as factory location options, capacity expansion, technology selection, purchasing, and order fulfillment decisions in practice.     

Supplier selection using fuzzy AHP and fuzzy multi-objective linear programming for developing low carbon supply chain

Environmental sustainability of a supply chain depends on the purchasing strategy of the supply chain members. Most of the earlier models have focused on cost, quality, lead time, etc. issues but not given enough importance to carbon emission for supplier evaluation. Recently, there is a growing pressure on supply chain members for reducing the carbon emission of their supply chain. This study presents an integrated approach for selecting the appropriate supplier in the supply chain, addressing the carbon emission issue, using fuzzy-AHP and fuzzy multi-objective linear programming. Fuzzy AHP (FAHP) is applied first for analyzing the weights of the multiple factors. The considered factors are cost, quality rejection percentage, late delivery percentage, green house gas emission and demand. These weights of the multiple factors are used in fuzzy multi-objective linear programming for supplier selection and quota allocation. An illustration with a data set from a realistic situation is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The proposed approach can handle realistic situation when there is information vagueness related to inputs.     

Group decision making process for supplier selection with VIKOR under fuzzy environment

During recent years, how to determine suitable suppliers in the supply chain has become a key strategic consideration. However, the nature of supplier selection is a complex multi-criteria problem including both quantitative and qualitative factors which may be in conflict and may also be uncertain. The VIKOR method was developed to solve multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) problems with conflicting and non-commensurable (different units) criteria, assuming that compromising is acceptable for conflict resolution, the decision maker wants a solution that is the closest to the ideal, and the alternatives are evaluated according to all established criteria. In this paper, linguistic values are used to assess the ratings and weights for these factors. These linguistic ratings can be expressed in trapezoidal or triangular fuzzy numbers. Then, a hierarchy MCDM model based on fuzzy sets theory and VIKOR method is proposed to deal with the supplier selection problems in the supply chain system. A numerical example is proposed to illustrate an application of the proposed model.     

A two-phase possibilistic linear programming methodology for multi-objective supplier evaluation and order allocation problems

In this study, an integration of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and a multi-objective possibilistic linear programming (MOPLP) technique is developed to account for all tangible, intangible, quantitative, and qualitative factors which are used to evaluate and select suppliers and to define the optimum order quantities assigned to each. A multi-objective linear programming technique is first employed to solve the problem. To model the uncertainties encountered in the integrated supplier evaluation and order allocation methodology, fuzzy theory is adopted. Hence, possibilistic linear programming (PLP) is proposed for solving the problem, as it is believed to be the best approach for absorbing the imprecise nature of the real world. In the supplier evaluation phase, environmental criteria are also considered.