两种非参量检测器在非瑞利杂波中的检测性能

现代高分辨率雷达系统中,杂波分布已不再简单地服从瑞利分布,其统计特性往往无法预先确定,此时针对性较强的参量检测方法就失去了恒虚警的检测能力,因此鲁棒性较强的非参量检测方法已成为一个重要的研究方向.文中针对非瑞利杂波中广义符号(GS)检测器和Mann-Whitney(MW)检测器两种非参量检测器在两种非瑞利杂波中的检测性能进行了仿真分析.选择韦伯(Weibull)分布和对数正态(log-normal)分布为非瑞利杂波模型,详细给出了仿真模拟框图,采用Monte Carlo仿真方法,分别得出了GS、MW及最佳线性参量检测器在Weibull和log-normal杂波对非起伏目标的检测性能曲线.仿真结果表明,GS和MW在非瑞利杂波中的检测性能均优于最佳线性参量检测器,不同的杂波分布具有相同的均值与中值比(ρ)时,两种检测器性能相差不大.论证了增大独立脉冲积累数(M)是提高检测性能的有效手段.     

基于卡尔曼滤波和AR参数的非平稳杂波仿真

分析了天基雷达地面杂波的统计分布特性和功率谱特性,研究了基于零记忆非线性变换法仿真天基雷达地面杂波相关随机序列的方法.该方法用AR过程模型产生相关杂波,但是,在实现线性滤波器时仿真的相关杂波与实际非平稳杂波存在误差,仿真效率低.提出了基于卡尔曼滤波递归AR参数实现线性滤波器的方法,推导了仿真相关对数正态分布杂波的原理和方法,进行了杂波仿真实验和分析,仿真的杂波能够很好地符合幅度分布和功率谱特性要求,可以提高探测概率,验证了该方法仿真杂波的准确性和有效性.     

雷达杂波建模与仿真技术

在分析雷达信号杂波背景统计特性的基础上,重点研究了海浪杂波和箔条干扰的数学模型,提出采用统计模型,即经典模型和AR模型进行仿真的两个技术途径.前者对于海杂波的统计幅度起伏特性根据雷达参数和海情的不同分别采用瑞利分布或对数正态分布或介于两者之间的概率密度函数描述,对于箔条云的特性则用瑞利分布概率密度函数表示.该模型的优点是具有通用性,适用于研究工作的初期及数学仿真;后者是以外场实测数据为依据建立起来的模型,其优点是同实际情况更加符合,逼真度更高,适用于研究工作的后期及半实物仿真.文章还叙述杂波模拟数据的生成技术和基于双存储体的杂波模拟器的实施方案,该项技术和实施方案可用于武器系统抗干扰评估半实物仿真系统.     

非均匀杂波环境下基于贝叶斯方法的自适应检测

对于非均匀杂波环境下信号自适应检测问题,由于待测数据样本的协方差矩阵与训练数据的协方差矩阵不相同,造成检测性能下降, 针对此问题本文提出了基于贝叶斯方法的广义似然比检测器(Bayesian generalized likelihood ratio test, B-GLRT). 通过对非均匀杂波环境下协方差矩阵间的关系进行统计建模,使在B-GLRT的设计过程中能够结合杂波的非均匀性, 并且这种非均匀性在统计模型中可以通过标量参数调节.同时通过对协方差矩阵选择合适的先验分布, 使B-GLRT能够融合有助于提高检测性能的先验知识. 通过仿真实验,验证了B-GLRT的检测性能高于传统的非贝叶斯检测器,并且分析了杂波环境非均匀性和先验信息对自适应检测性能的影响.     

Weibull杂波背景下的GO—CFAR处理

恒虚警处理技术（CFAR）,是用来在杂波环境变化的时候维持雷达虚警概率基本不变。当高分辨率雷达在低视角观察的海杂波或者地杂波背景中进行检测时,目标就是包含在非瑞利杂波中。最常用的描述非瑞利包络杂波的统计模型是Weibull分布模型。通过matlab仿真平台,分别对有无目标的Weibull分布杂波环境进行最大选择恒虚警（G0—CFAR）处理,依此研究其有效性。     

基于Hough变换的海面目标检测仿真平台

对于海面目标的检测,由于雷达波束擦地角低,海杂波很强,且由于雷达目标等效截面积小,信噪比低,常规的门限检测方法虚警概率高、检测概率低,有必要探讨新的检测方法。采用Hough变换将同一目标航迹上的回波能量进行累积的方法,对模拟的(分别利用K分布、对数正态分布、高斯分布和韦伯分布模拟海杂波,并人工加入单个或多个运动目标信息来合成雷达回波)或真实的雷达回波数据进行处理,并通过Hough反变换求取目标航迹。最后,在该算法的基础上,使用Matlab提供的界面设计工作台,制作出适于人机交互的海面目标检测综合仿真平台。     

雷达杂波模型的建立与仿真

杂波在雷达环境模拟中有着重要的作用,其特性可以用幅度分布特性和频率分布特性来描述.文章介绍了球不变随机过程SIRP和零记忆非线性变换ZMNL两种产生相关随机序列的基本方法.基于这两种方法各自的特点,详细分析并建立了对数正态分布、韦布尔分布以及K分布等几种概率分布的雷达杂波模型,且进行了计算机仿真.结果给出了概率密度和功率谱密度的理论曲线和实际仿真直方图,从而验证了这两种方法模拟雷达杂波特性的有效性和准确性.     

基于实测数据统计的声纳噪声分布研究

在复杂的水声环境下,声纳探测误差是一个随机过程,其分布往往不是理论上的正态分布或者瑞利分布.由于真实声纳目标试验有限,缺乏数据样本.为了探究声纳误差分布规律,综合采用正态性检测和非参数统计数方法,对某型声纳的实测方位误差数据进行了分布检测.检测发现,相比于传统认为的正态分布和瑞利分布,声纳误差分布更加贴近于K分布,为测试和指导与声纳相关的仿真算法的研究提供了依据.     

非高斯杂波下分置天线MIMO雷达的动目标检测*

目前关于分置天线MIMO雷达目标检测的研究多是假定杂波是服从高斯分布的,实际中非高斯杂波往往更能精确描述现代雷达环境下杂波的统计。考虑几种在高斯杂波模型假设下设计的检测器,构造了服从Log-Nomal分布的非高斯杂波模型。分别针对高斯杂波和非高斯杂波模型,对分置天线MIMO雷达和相控阵雷达做了系统性能曲线仿真,并在非高斯杂波模型下,对不同目标速度下的各雷达系统的检测器性能进行仿真,最终通过对比得到了一些有关在非高斯杂波背景下MIMO雷达性能的结论。     

小波变换域盲图像水印的符号相关检测

检测时无需原始图像的盲数字水印是实用的数字作品版权保护系统的变换系数的拉普拉斯分布模型,推导并实现了一种有效的盲图像水印符号相关检测器.通过计算渐进相对效率证明了该检测器具有较高的检测效率.实验结果表明该检测器具有良好的鲁棒性.     

基于Stackelberg博弈的多输入多输出雷达信号与目标干扰优化

针对实际杂波环境中多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达与目标间检测与隐身的博弈问题,提出一种新的两步注水算法。首先建立时空编码模型;然后基于互信息量准则,用注水法分配目标干扰功率,用通用注水法分配雷达信号功率;最终得到强弱杂波环境Stackelberg博弈中目标占优和雷达占优的优化方案。仿真结果表明,雷达信号功率分配和通用注水水位变化规律均受杂波影响,两优化方案的互信息量在强杂波环境降低约50%,干扰影响系数分别降低0.2和0.25,互信息量受干扰影响程度降低,证明了所提算法的有效性。     

Simulation inferences for an availability system with general repair distribution and imperfect fault coverage

We study the statistical inferences of an availability system with imperfect coverage. The system consists of two active components and one warm standby. The time-to-failure and time-to-repair of the components are assumed to follow an exponential and a general distribution respectively. The coverage factors for an active-component failure and for a standby-component failure are assumed to be the same. We construct a consistent and asymptotically normal estimator of availability for such repairable system. Based on this estimator, interval estimation and testing hypothesis are performed. To implement the simulation inference for the system availability, we adopt two repair-time distributions, namely, lognormal and Weibull and three types of Weibull distributions characterized by their shape parameters are considered. Finally, all simulation results are displayed in appropriate tables and curves for highlighting the performance of the statistical inference procedures.     

GM‐PHD Filter with State‐Dependent Clutter

In traditional filtering methods, clutter is often assumed to obey a uniform distribution over the entire monitoring area. For many sensors, however, clutter may concentrate in target‐containing regions. Under this condition, the performance of the traditional multi‐target tracking filter can be degraded. In an effort to solve this problem, this paper proposes an improved algorithm based on a Gaussian Mixture probability hypothesis density (GM‐PHD) filter to deal with state‐dependent clutter. First, the relationship between state and clutter is modeled using the uniform distribution centered on the target state. Then, the clutter intensity is calculated according to the distribution of clutter in the whole monitoring area and is used to update the filter. The simulation results show that the improved filter can track targets’ trajectories more effectively in an environment of state‐dependent clutter than the standard GM‐PHD filter.     

New iterative algorithm for algebraic Riccati equation related to H∞ control problem of singularly perturbed systems

We present the solution to the algebraic Riccati equation (ARE) with indefinite sign quadratic term related to the H_∞ control problem for singularly perturbed systems by means of a Kleinman type algorithm. The resulting algorithm is very efficient from the numerical point of view because the ARE is solvable even if the quadratic term has an indefinite sign. Moreover, the resulting iterative algorithm is quadratically convergent. We also present an algorithm for solving the generalized algebraic Lyapunov equation on the basis of the fixed point algorithm     

Standby system with general repair, reboot delay, switching failure and unreliable repair facility—A statistical standpoint

This study statistically examines an availability system with reboot delay, standby switching failures and an unreliable repair facility, which consists of two active components and one warm standby. The time-to-failure and the reboot time are assumed to be exponentially distributed. The repair time of the service station and the time-to-repair of component are assumed to be generally distributed. A consistent and asymptotically normal estimator of availability of such a repairable system is developed. Based on this estimator, interval estimation and testing hypothesis are performed by using logit transformation. To implement the simulation inference for the system availability, two repair-time distributions, lognormal and Weibull distributions, are used. Three Weibull distributions characterized by distinct shape parameters are considered. Finally, all simulation results are displayed as appropriate tables and curves to reveal the performance of the statistical inference procedures.     

Error probability analysis of an MC-DS-CDMA system under Weibull fading with a moment-generating function

The performance, with error probability analysis, of an MC-DS-CDMA (multi-carrier direct-sequence coded-division multiple-access) system adopting a Weibull fading channel is proposed and evaluated. On the basis of the multivariate MGF (moment-generating function) of Weibull statistics and an alternative expression of the Q-function, an approximate BER (bit-error rate) expression is derived for an MC-DS-CDMA system combined with MRC (maximal ratio-combining) diversity. The Weibull fading model is applied to analyze the BER performance of an MC-DS-CDMA system by considering multi-users with both multi-carriers and the phenomena of PBI (partial-band interference) cases. Regardless of the channel model assumed or the user number considered, it is noteworthy that the PBI is definitely the most important factor dominating the performance of an MC-DS-CDMA system, according to the results obtained in this study. The reliability of the proposed schemes can be explicitly verified in accordance with the previously reported results. Thus, we assert that the aim of the performance analysis of an MC-DS-CDMA system operating under Weibull fading has been completely achieved.     

稀疏距离扩展目标自适应检测及性能分析

在球不变随机向量杂波背景下,研究了稀疏距离扩展目标的自适应检测问题.基于有序检测理论, 利用协方差矩阵估计方法,分析了自适应检测器(Adaptive detector, AD).其中,基于采样协方差矩阵(Sample covariance matrix, SCM)和归一化采样协方差矩阵(Normalized sample covariance matrix, NSCM),分别建立了AD-SCM和AD-NSCM检测器.从恒虚警率特性和检测性能综合来看, AD-NSCM的性能优于AD-SCM和已有的修正广义似然比检测器.最后,通过仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性.