基于数据流深度学习算法的Android恶意应用检测方法

目前针对未知的Android恶意应用可以采用机器学习算法进行检测,但传统的机器学习算法具有少于三层的计算单元,无法充分挖掘Android应用程序特征深层次的表达。文中首次提出了一种基于深度学习的算法DDBN （Data-flow Deep BeliefNetwork）对Android应用程序数据流特征进行分析,从而检测Android未知恶意应用。首先,使用分析工具FlowDroid和SUSI提取能够反映Android应用恶意行为的静态数据流特征;然后,针对该特征设计了数据流深度学习算法DDBN,该算法通过构建深层的模型结构,并进行逐层特征变换,将数据流在原空间的特征表示变换到新的特征空间,从而使分类更加准确;最后,基于DDBN实现了Android恶意应用检测工具Flowdect,并对现实中的大量安全应用和恶意应用进行检测。实验结果表明,Flowdect能够充分学习Android应用程序的数据流特征,用于检测未知的Android恶意应用。通过与其他基于传统机器学习算法的检测方案对比,DDBN算法具有更优的检测效果。     

基于多类特征的Android应用恶意行为检测系统

目前针对未知的Android恶意应用可以采用数据挖掘算法进行检测,但使用单一数据挖掘算法无法充分发挥Android应用的多类行为特征在恶意代码检测上所起的不同作用.文中首次提出了一种综合考虑Android多类行为特征的三层混合系综算法THEA(Triple Hybrid Ensemble Algorithm)用于检测Android未知恶意应用.首先,采用动静态结合的方法提取可以反映Android应用恶意行为的组件、函数调用以及系统调用类特征;然后,针对上述3类特征设计了三层混合系综算法THEA,该算法通过构建适合3类特征的最优分类器来综合评判Android应用的恶意行为;最后,基于THEA实现了Android应用恶意行为检测工具Androdect,并对现实中的1126个恶意应用和2000个非恶意应用进行检测.实验结果表明,Androdect能够利用Android应用的多类行为特征有效检测Android未知恶意应用.并且与其它相关工作对比,Androdect在检测准确率和执行效率上表现更优.     

基于BPSO-NB算法的Android恶意应用检测方法

为了提高Android恶意应用检测效率,将二值粒子群算法(BPSO,Binary Particle Swarm Optimization)用于原始特征全集的优化选择,并结合朴素贝叶斯(NB,Nave Bayesian)分类算法,提出一种基于BPSO-NB的Android恶意应用检测方法。该方法首先对未知应用进行静态分析,提取AndroidManifest.xml文件中的权限信息作为特征。然后,采用BPSO算法优化选择分类特征,并使用NB算法的分类精度作为评价函数。最后采用NB分类算法构建Android恶意应用分类器。实验结果表明,通过二值粒子群优化选择分类特征可以有效提高分类精度,缩短检测时间。      

Android恶意软件的多特征协作决策检测方法

由于智能手机使用率持续上升促使移动恶意软件在规模和复杂性方面发展更加迅速。作为免费和开源的系统,目前Android已经超越其他移动平台成为最流行的操作系统,使得针对Android平台的恶意软件数量也显著增加。针对Android平台应用软件安全问题,提出了一种基于多特征协作决策的Android恶意软件检测方法,该方法主要通过对Android 应用程序进行分析、提取特征属性以及根据机器学习模型和分类算法判断其是否为恶意软件。通过实验表明,使用该方法对Android应用软件数据集进行分类后,相比其他分类器或算法分类的结果,其各项评估指标均大幅提高。因此,提出的基于多特征协作决策的方式来对Android恶意软件进行检测的方法可以有效地用于对未知应用的恶意性进行检测,避免恶意应用对用户所造成的损害等。     

基于深度信念网络的Android恶意应用检测方法

传统的机器学习算法无法有效地从海量的行为特征中选择出有本质的行为特征来对未知的Android恶意应用进行检测。为了解决这个问题,提出DBNSel,一种基于深度信念网络模型的Android恶意应用检测方法。为了实现该方法,首先通过静态分析方法从Android应用中提取5类不同的属性。其次,建立深度信念网络模型从提取到的属性中进行选择和学习。最后,使用学习到的属性来对未知类型的Android恶意应用进行检测。在实验阶段,使用一个由3 986个Android正常应用和3 986个Android恶意应用组成的数据集来验证DBNSel的有效性。实验结果表明,DBNSel的检测结果要优于其他几种已有的检测方法,并可以达到99.4%的检测准确率。此外,DBNSel具有较低的运行开销,可以适应于更大规模的真实环境下的Android恶意应用检测。     

基于改进决策树分类的Android恶意软件检测

针对目前Android手机恶意软件越来越多的问题,本文在现有研究的基础上,设计了一个Android恶意软件检测框架。该框架通过提取Android应用程序的特征属性,结合Fisher Score、信息增益和卡方检验三种特征选择方法,对属性特征进行预处理,然后利用恶意检测模块中的改进决策树算法对软件进行分类。通过实验仿真,结果表明使用该检测框架检测恶意软件具有较低的误报率和较高的精确度。     

基于Dalvik指令的Android恶意代码特征描述及验证

为实现Android平台下恶意软件的高效检测,提出了一种基于Dalvik指令的Android恶意代码特征形式化描述和分析方法,能够在无需反编译应用程序的基础上,快速检测样本的恶意特征.该方法首先依照DEX文件格式对Android应用程序切分得到以方法为单位的指令块,通过对块中Dalvik指令进行形式化描述以实现程序特征的简化和提取,之后综合使用改进的软件相似度度量算法和闵可夫斯基距离算法计算提取特征与已知恶意特征的相似度,并根据相似度比对结果来判定当前待测软件是否含有恶意代码.最后建立原型系统模型来验证上述方法,以大量随机样本进行特征匹配实验.实验结果表明,该方法描述特征准确、检测速度较快,适用于Android恶意代码的快速检测.     

改进随机森林在Android恶意软件检测中的应用

为解决Android恶意软件检测问题,提出一种利用多特征基于改进随机森林算法的Android恶意软件静态检测模型。模型采用了基于行为的静态检测技术,选取Android应用的权限、四大组件、API调用以及程序的关键信息如动态代码、反射代码、本机代码、密码代码和应用程序数据库等属性特征,对特征属性进行优化选择,并生成对应的特征向量集合。最后对随机森林算法进行改进,并将其应用到本模型的Android应用检测中。实验选取了6?000个正常样本和6?000个恶意样本进行分类检测,结果表明该方法具有较好的检测效果。     

一种Android应用程序恶意行为的静态检测方法

目前Android应用程序的安全问题得到越来越多的关注. 提出一种检测Android应用程序中恶意行为的静态分析方法, 该方法采用静态数据流分析技术, 并实现了常量分析算法, 通过跟踪应用程序对常量值的使用来检测恶意订购、资费消耗等多种类型的恶意行为. 实验结果表明, 该方法可以有效检测出Android应用程序的恶意行为, 具有较高的实用性.     

基于集成学习投票算法的Android恶意应用检测

针对Android平台恶意应用的检测技术,提出一种基于集成学习投票算法的Android恶意程序检测方法MASV（Soft-Voting Algorithm）,以有效地对未知应用程序进行分类。从已知开源的数据集中获取了实验的基础数据,使用的应用程序集包含213 256个良性应用程序以及18 363个恶意应用程序。使用SVM-RFE特征选择算法对特征进行降维。使用多个分类器的集合,即SVM（Support Vector Machine）、[K]-NN[（K]-Nearest Neighbor）、NB（Na?ve Bayes）、CART（Classification and Regression Tree）和RF（Random Forest）,以检测恶意应用程序和良性应用程序。使用梯度上升算法确定集成学习软投票的基分类器权重参数。实验结果表明,该方法在恶意应用程序检测中达到了99.27%的准确率。     

Android malware detection through hybrid features fusion and ensemble classifiers: The AndroPyTool framework and the OmniDroid dataset

Cybersecurity has become a major concern for society, mainly motivated by the increasing number of cyber attacks and the wide range of targeted objectives. Due to the popularity of smartphones and tablets, Android devices are considered an entry point in many attack vectors. Malware applications are among the most used tactics and tools to perpetrate a cyber attack, so it is critical to study new ways of detecting them. In these detection mechanisms, machine learning has been used to build classifiers that are effective in discerning if an application is malware or benignware. However, training such classifiers require big amounts of labelled data which, in this context, consist of categorised malware and benignware Android applications represented by a set of features able to describe their behaviour. For that purpose, in this paper we present OmniDroid, a large and comprehensive dataset of features extracted from 22,000 real malware and goodware samples, aiming to help anti-malware tools creators and researchers when improving, or developing, new mechanisms and tools for Android malware detection. Furthermore, the characteristics of the dataset make it suitable to be used as a benchmark dataset to test classification and clustering algorithms or new representation techniques, among others. The dataset has been released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License and was built using AndroPyTool, our automated framework for dynamic and static analysis of Android applications. Finally, we test a set of ensemble classifiers over this dataset and propose a malware detection approach based on the fusion of static and dynamic features through the combination of ensemble classifiers. The experimental results show the feasibility and potential usability (for the machine learning, soft computing and cyber security communities) of our automated framework and the publicly available dataset.     

基于序列模式发现的恶意行为检测方法

为有效预防变形病毒和新出现的恶意软件,提出一种基于序列模式发现的恶意行为静态检测方法。将恶意代码转换为汇编代码,对其进行预处理,采用类Apriori算法完成序列模式发现,并去除正常模式,得到可用于未知恶意代码检测的模式集合。实验结果表明,该方法的正确率较高、漏报率较低。     

Bio-inspired computational paradigm for feature investigation and malware detection: interactive analytics

Recently, people rely on mobile devices to conduct their daily fundamental activities. Simultaneously, most of the people prefer devices with Android operating system. As the demand expands, deceitful authors develop malware to compromise Android for private and money purposes. Consequently, security analysts have to conduct static and dynamic analyses to counter malware violation. In this paper, we adopt static analysis which only requests minimal resource consumption and rapid processing. However, finding a minimum set of features in the static analysis are vital because it removes irrelevant data, reduces the runtime of machine learning detection and reduces the dimensionality of datasets. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate three categories of features, which are permissions, directory path, and telephony. This investigation considers the features frequency as well as repeatedly used in each application. Subsequently, this study evaluates the proposed features in three bio-inspired machine learning classifiers in artificial neural network (ANN) category to signify the usefulness of ANN type in uncovering unknown malware. The classifiers are multilayer perceptron (MLP), voted perceptron (VP) and radial basis function network (RBFN). Among all these three classifiers, the outstanding outcomes acquire is the MLP, which achieves 90% in accuracy and 87% in true positive rate (TPR), as well as 97% accuracy in our Bio Analyzer prediction system.     

基于LSTM-CNN的容器内恶意软件静态检测

针对现阶段容器环境下恶意软件检测研究较少且检测率较低的问题,提出了一种基于LSTM-CNN的容器内恶意软件静态检测方法,用以在恶意软件运行前进行检测,从源头阻断其攻击行为,降低检测过程给容器运行带来的性能损耗。该方法通过无代理的方式获取容器内待测软件,提取其API调用序列作为程序行为数据,利用word2vec模型对程序API调用序列进行向量化表征,并基于LSTM和CNN分别提取其语义信息及多维局部特征以实现恶意软件的检测。在容器环境下实现了该方法,并基于公开数据集VirusShare进行测试,结果表明该方法可达到99.76%的检测率且误报率低于1%,优于同类其他方法。     

一种基于混合特征的移动终端恶意软件检测方法

随着移动终端恶意软件的种类和数量不断增大,本文针对Android系统恶意软件单特征检测不全面、误报率高等技术问题,提出一种基于动静混合特征的移动终端恶意软件检测方法,以提高检测的覆盖率、准确率和效率.该方法首先采用基于改进的CHI方法和凝聚层次聚类算法优化的K-Means方法构建高危权限和敏感API库,然后分别从静态分...     

Determining malicious executable distinguishing attributes and low-complexity detection

Detection of rapidly evolving malware requires classification techniques that can effectively and efficiently detect zero-day attacks. Such detection is based on a robust model of benign behavior and deviations from that model are used to detect malicious behavior. In this paper we propose a low-complexity host-based technique that uses deviations in static file attributes to detect malicious executables. We first develop simple statistical models of static file attributes derived from the empirical data of thousands of benign executables. Deviations among the attribute models of benign and malware executables are then quantified using information-theoretic (Kullback-Leibler-based) divergence measures. This quantification reveals distinguishing attributes that are considerably divergent between benign and malware executables and therefore can be used for detection. We use the benign models of divergent attributes in cross-correlation and log-likelihood frameworks to classify malicious executables. Our results, using over 4,000 malicious file samples, indicate that the proposed detector provides reasonably high detection accuracy, while having significantly lower complexity than existing detectors.     

On viability of detecting malwares online using ensemble classification method with performance metrics

Nowadays, most of the services from cloud are protuberant within the all commercial, public, and private areas. A primary difficulty of cloud computing system is making a virtualized environment safe from all intruders. The existing system uses signature-based methods, which cannot provide accurate detection of malware. This paper put forward an approach to detect the malware by using the approach based on feature extraction and various classification techniques. Initially the clean files and malware files are extracted. The feature selection includes gain ratio to provide subset features. The classification is used to predict any malware that has been entered in the mobile device. In this paper, it is proposed to use the ensemble classifier which contains different kinds of classifiers such as Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Naïve Bayes classification. These together are known as a meta classifier. These three classification methods had been used for proposed work and get the results with higher accuracy. This measures the correctness of the prediction happened using ensemble method with high precision and recall values which is specifically identifies the quality of the techniques used.