基于遗传算法和灰色关联分析的击键特征识别算法

基于用户击键特征的身份认证比传统的基于口令的身份认证方法有更高的安全性，现有研究方法中基于神经网络、数据挖掘等算法计算复杂度高，而基于特征向量、贝叶斯统计模型等算法识别精度较低。为了在提高识别精度的同时有效降低计算复杂度，在研究现有算法的基础上提出了一种基于遗传算法与灰色关联分析的击键特征识别算法。该算法利用遗传算法根据用户训练样本确定表征用户击键特征的标准特征序列，通过对当前用户击键特征序列与标准特征序列进行灰色关联分析实现用户身份认证。实验结果表明，该算法识别精度达到神经网络、支持向量机等算法的较高水平，错误拒绝率与错误接受率分别为0%与1.5%。且计算复杂度低，与基于特征向量的算法相近。     

手势认证中基于能量熵的端点检测方法研究

为了保证智能手机敏感信息的安全性,设计实现了一种基于手机内置三轴加速度传感器的三维手势认证方案。在手势端点检测部分,在定性分析手势加速度信号能量分布特性的基础上,提出了一种基于能量熵的新方法实现有效手势截取。进一步设计基于欧式距离的动态时间规整算法对截取后的手势序列信号进行匹配认证,当他人模仿手势错误接受率趋近0%时,本人认证手势错误拒绝率维持在7%左右,从而实现智能手机用户身份识别。     

基于改进DTW及互信息去噪的手势认证研究

为了应对智能手机所面临的信息安全威胁,提出一种基于行为生物特征的手势用户认证方案。实时采集手机内置三轴加速度传感器的数据,经有效手势端点检测得到认证数据,在信号去噪环节提出了一种结合小波包分解与互信息熵的新方法,最终由改进的动态时间规整算法进行手势信号序列相似性度量,从而得出认证结论。实验结果表明,当他人模仿手势错误接受率趋近0%时,本人认证手势错误拒绝率维持在7%左右,认证精度良好,同时算法时间复杂度低,可以实时有效对智能手机的持有者进行身份识别。     

一种面向击键动态身份认证的多模板选择算法

在击键动态身份认证系统中,样本采集和模板建立直接影响系统性能。目前单模板击键认证系统存在无法使错误接受率和错误拒绝率都降低到可接受范围内的不足。为此将多模板思想引入击键认证过程中,在提出最大认证概率算法和最小认证概率算法后,提出均衡概率多模板选择算法,将两种错误率都控制在合理范围内。通过实验同GMMS算法进行对比,并研究了模板数和模板样本数对认证结果的影响,最后与单模板认证系统进行了比较分析。     

一种面向击键动态身份认证的多模板选择算法

在击键动态身份认证系统中,样本采集和模板建立直接影响系统性能。目前单模板击键认证系统存在无法使错误接受率和错误拒绝率都降低到可接受范围内的不足。为此将多模板思想引入击键认证过程中,在提出最大认证概率算法和最小认证概率算法后,提出均衡概率多模板选择算法,将两种错误率都控制在合理范围内。通过实验同GMMS算法进行对比,并研究了模板数和模板样本数对认证结果的影响,最后与单模板认证系统进行了比较分析。     

基于CM-DTW算法的智能手机动态手势身份认证

针对DTW算法在手势身份认证中存在的问题，提出了一种基于约束多维DTW算法（Constraints Multi-dimension Dynamic Time Wrapping，CM-DTW）的智能手机动态手势身份认证方法.该方法利用手机内置传感器获取代表用户生物行为特征的手势数据，通过Sakoe-Chiba窗约束下的DTW算法选择合法用户的候选模板集，采用线性升降采样归一化候选模板得到一个标准模板.该方法与DTW算法相比，不仅提高了身份认证的时间效率，并且保证了用户身份认证的准确率.     

一种基于手机加速度传感器的三维手势身份认证方法

针对手机用户安全问题,提出一种基于手机加速度传感器的手势身份认证方法。采用均值—方差归一化方式对三维手势数据进行归一化处理;采用门限值方法截取手势动作,去除干扰数据;认证算法采用模板匹配的方式,通过设计的均值—动态时间归整(A-DTW)算法对参考模板和测试模板进行比较,判断用户的真实性。仿真结果显示:该算法方便可行,具有较高的识别率。     

基于曲线拟合的手形生物特征认证新算法

针对手形的特点和现有手形认证方法的不足,提出了一种基于曲线拟合的手形生物特征认证新算法．该算法使用手指轮廓拟合曲线的系数作为手形的特征,使用曲线距离函数进行匹配认证,进一步导出基于曲线系数进行求解的简化方法．实验表明,该算法的认证错误接收率和错误拒绝率之和达到1％以下;与现有的手形认证方法相比,该算法在认证的准确率、鲁棒性和运算量方面具有良好的综合性能．     

基于加速度传感器的手机用户认证方法

为了保证手机信息安全,设计实现了一种基于内置三轴加速度传感器的手机用户认证方案。通过内置三轴加速度传感器采集认证手势信号,提出差分自底向上线性分段方法进行有效手势动作端点的自动检测,利用小波包分解对有效手势信号进行去噪,进一步设计基于欧氏距离的动态时间规整算法计算测试手势和模板手势的相似度,从而得出认证结果。相比于现有常用手势端点检测方法,差分自底向上线性分段方法能更准确地截取有效手势信号。实验结果表明,当他人模仿手势错误接受率为0%时,本文认证手势错误拒绝率小于5%,有效实现了用户认证。     

用于在线签名认证的特征提取和个性化特征选择方法

提出一种在线签名认证中的特征提取和特征选择的方法.采用一种F-Tablet手写板采集签名数据.该手写板的特点是不仅可记录签名时的字形信息(x,y)序列,还可记录签名时的五维力信息(F_x,F_y,F_z,M_x,M_y)序列.从每个签名中提取3个等级共188个特征,接着定义特征重要性函数F,然后根据特征的重要性函数F的值对选取的188个特征进行排序,对F设不同的阈值就可完成不同的特征选择.在认证过程中使用SVM算法对选取的特征进行训练,然后用训练所得的模型进行验证.该方法的错误拒绝率为1.2%,错误接受率为3.7%.     

基于三分类的击键序列身份认证

针对基于统计学用户击键模式识别算法识别率较低的不足，提出了一种统计学三分类主机用户身份认证算法。该方法通过对当前注册用户的击键特征与由训练样本得到的标准击键特征进行比较，将当前注册用户划分为合法用户类、怀疑类与入侵类三类,对怀疑类采用二次识别机制。 采用动态判别域值，引入了与系统安全性和友好性相关的可控参量k，由系统管理员根据实际确定。并对该算法性能进行了理论分析与实验测试，结果表明该算法在保持贝叶斯统计算法需要训练样本集规模较小、算法收敛速度快优点的基础上,识别精度高于贝叶斯统计算法，错误拒绝率(FRR)和错误通过率(FAR)分别为1.6%和1.5%。     

Evaluation of Deep Learning Models for Person Authentication Based on Touch Gesture

Touch gesture biometrics authentication system is the study of user's touching behavior on his touch device to identify him. The features traditionally used in touch gesture authentication systems are extracted using hand-crafted feature extraction approach. In this work, we investigate the ability of Deep Learning (DL) to automatically discover useful features of touch gesture and use them to authenticate the user. Four different models are investigated Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) combined with LSTM (CNN-LSTM), and CNN combined with GRU(CNN-GRU). In addition, different regularization techniques are investigated such as Activity Regularizer, Batch Normalization (BN), Dropout, and LeakyReLU. These deep networks were trained from scratch and tested using TouchAlytics and BioIdent datasets for dynamic touch authentication. The result reported in terms of authentication accuracy, False Acceptance Rate (FAR), False Rejection Rate (FRR). The best result we have been obtained was 96.73%, 96.07% and 96.08% for training, validation and testing accuracy respectively with dynamic touch authentication system on TouchAlytics dataset with CNN-GRU DL model, while the best result of FAR and FRR obtained on TouchAlytics dataset was with CNN-LSTM were FAR was 0.0009 and FRR was 0.0530. For BioIdent dataset the best results have been obtained was 84.87%, 78.28% and 78.35% for Training, validation and testing accuracy respectively with CNN-LSTM model. The use of a learning based approach in touch authentication system has shown good results comparing with other state-of-the-art using TouchAlytics dataset.     

Embedded access points for trusted data and resources access in HPC systems

Biometric authentication systems represent a valid alternative to the conventional username–password based approach for user authentication. However, authentication systems composed of a biometric reader, a smartcard reader, and a networked workstation which perform user authentication via software algorithms have been found to be vulnerable in two areas: firstly in their communication channels between readers and workstation (communication attacks) and secondly through their processing algorithms and/or matching results overriding (replay attacks, confidentiality and integrity threats related to the stored information of the networked workstation). In this paper, a full hardware access point for HPC environments is proposed. The access point is composed of a fingerprint scanner, a smartcard reader, and a hardware core for fingerprint processing and matching. The hardware processing core can be described as a Handel-C algorithmic-like hardware programming language and prototyped via a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based board. The known indexes False Acceptance Rate (FAR) and False Rejection Rate (FRR) have been used to test the prototype authentication accuracy. Experimental trials conducted on several fingerprint DBs show that the hardware prototype achieves a working point with FAR=1.07% and FRR=8.33% on a proprietary DB which was acquired via a capacitive scanner, a working point with FAR=0.66% and FRR=6.13% on a proprietary DB which was acquired via an optical scanner, and a working point with FAR=1.52% and FRR=9.64% on the official FVC2002_DB2B database. In the best case scenario (depending on fingerprint image size), the execution time of the proposed recognizer is 183.32 ms.     

基于SIFT的说话人唇动识别

针对唇部特征提取维度过高以及对尺度空间敏感的问题,提出了一种基于尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）算法作特征提取来进行说话人身份认证的技术。首先,提出了一种简单的视频帧图片规整算法,将不同长度的唇动视频规整到同一的长度,提取出具有代表性的唇动图片;然后,提出一种在SIFT关键点的基础上,进行纹理和运动特征的提取算法,并经过主成分分析（PCA）算法的整合,最终得到具有代表性的唇动特征进行认证;最后,根据所得到的特征,提出了一种简单的分类算法。实验结果显示,和常见的局部二元模式（LBP）特征和方向梯度直方图（HOG）特征相比较,该特征提取算法的错误接受率（FAR）和错误拒绝率（FRR）表现更佳。说明整个说话人唇动特征识别算法是有效的,能够得到较为理想的结果。     

A parameterized model to select discriminating features on keystroke dynamics authentication on smartphones

Nowadays, smartphones work not only as personal devices, but also as distributed IoT edge devices uploading information to a cloud. Their secure authentications become more crucial as information from them can spread wider. Keystroke dynamics is one of prominent candidates for authentications factors. Combined with PIN/pattern authentications, keystroke dynamics provide a user-friendly multi-factor authentication for smartphones and other IoT devices equipped with keypads and touch screens. There have been many studies and researches on keystroke dynamics authentication with various features and machine-learning classification methods. However, most of researches extract the same features for the entire user and the features used to learn and authenticate the user’s keystroke dynamics pattern. Since the same feature is used for all users, it may include features that express the users’ keystroke dynamics well and those that do not. The authentication performance may be deteriorated because only the discriminative feature capable of expressing the keystroke dynamics pattern of the user is not selected. In this paper, we propose a parameterized model that can select the most discriminating features for each user. The proposed technique can select feature types that better represent the user’s keystroke dynamics pattern using only the normal user’s collected samples. In addition, performance evaluation in previous studies focuses on average EER(equal error rate) for all users. EER is the value at the midpoint between the FAR(false acceptance rate) and FRR(false rejection rate), FAR is the measure of security, and FRR is the measure of usability. The lower the FAR, the higher the authentication strength of keystroke dynamics. Therefore, the performance evaluation is based on the FAR. Experimental results show that the FRR of the proposed scheme is improved by at least 10.791% from the maximum of 31.221% compared with the other schemes.     

On the false rejection ratio of face recognition based on automatic detected feature points

The authors propose a new face recognition system with an evaluation function using feature points. The feature points are detected automatically by Milborrow’s Stasm software. Before recognition, rotation compensation and size normalization are applied to the feature points. The main method is to calculate the squared error between the registered face and the input face as to length of a characteristic pair of feature points on face. The False Rejection Rate (FRR) for the registered and input face of the same person, and the False Acceptance Rate (FAR) for the registered face and a different person’s input face are evaluated. The input is a video sequence. Stable recognition is obtained with small FRR and FAR for the video of a period of 0.5 s.     

基于力场转换理论的耳廓识别

本文提出了一种基于力场转换理论的人耳识别方法,在检测出耳廓边缘的基础上,将图像分别通过力场和能量场进行描述,利用测试点在力场中运动最终收敛至图像能量局部最小值处这一个特征,对人耳图像特征点进行定位,最终利用提取出的“势能阱”和“势能渠”实现匹配与识别,经在选用的耳廓图库上实验,错误接受率FAR为1．28％,错误拒绝率FRR为6．28％。     

基于流形学习的用户身份认证

本文基于等距映射（ISOMAP）非线性降维算法, 提出了一种新的基于用户击键特征的用户身份认证算法, 该算法用测地距离代替传统的欧氏距离, 作为样本向量之间的距离度量,在用户击键特征向量空间中挖掘嵌入的低维黎曼流形,进行用户识别。用采集到的1500个击键模式数据进行实验测试,结果表明,该文的算法性能优于现有的同类算法,其错误拒绝率（FRR）和错误通过率（FAR）分别是1.65%和0%,低于现有的同类算法。