Second-order terminal sliding mode control for hypersonic vehicle in cruising flight with sliding mode disturbance observer

This paper focuses on the design of nonlinear robust controller and disturbance observer for the longitudinal dynamics of a hypersonic vehicle (HSV) in the presence of parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. First, by combining terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) and second-order sliding mode control (SOSMC) approach, the secondorder terminal sliding control (2TSMC) is proposed for the velocity and altitude tracking control of the HSV. The 2TSMC possesses the merits of both TSMC and SOSMC, which can provide fast convergence, continuous control law and hightracking precision. Then, in order to increase the robustness of the control system and improve the control performance, the sliding mode disturbance observer (SMDO) is presented. The closed-loop stability is analyzed using the Lyapunov technique. Finally, simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, as well as the improved overall performance over the conventional sliding mode control (SMC).     

RLV抗扰动非线性最优控制器设计

可重复使用运载器(RLV)再入面临严重的扰动影响,对此设计一种抗扰动非线性最优控制器(ADNOC)。首先,基于时标分离原理设计快、慢双回路控制结构;其次,将角速率动态变换处理成线性形式,通过依赖状态的黎卡提方程(SDRE)优化方法获得最优控制指令;然后,设计非线性扰动观测器用于估计外界干扰,并在非线性最优控制律中进行干扰补偿。仿真实验结果表明,所设计的控制器能良好地完成姿态跟踪控制,抑制扰动对姿态控制的影响,实现RLV的最优控制性能。     

基于方向加速法的RLV再入预测制导研究

针对可重复使用运载器(RLV)再入制导问题,为克服算法复杂度高、时效性差、以及环境扰动引起制导精度降低的问题,提出了一种基于修正方向加速法的再入预测制导方法,通过实时预测落点偏差及性能指标来在线搜索最优控制量增量。该方法以无约束极值理论为基础,将多约束的非线性最优化问题转化为无约束最优化问题。采用修正的方向加速法将多维搜索转化为一维搜索;同时进行最佳搜索方向替换,在性能指标收敛最快的方向上直接搜索可行解,降低了算法复杂度并提高了RLV抗扰动能力。仿真结果表明,与单纯形替换法相比,该方法可有效提高制导系统的时效性和精度,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

Nonlinear Robust Adaptive Deterministic Control for Flexible Hypersonic Vehicles in the Presence of Input Constraint

A nonlinear deterministic robust control scheme is developed for a flexible hypersonic vehicle with input saturation. Firstly, the model analysis is conducted for the hypersonic vehicle model via the input‐output linearized technique. Secondly, the sliding mode manifold is designed based on homogeneity theory. Then an adaptive high order sliding mode control scheme is proposed to achieve tracking for the step change in altitude and velocity for hypersonic vehicles where the uncertainty boundary is unknown. Furthermore, the control input constraint is investigated and another new adaptive law is proposed to estimate the uncertainties and to guarantee the stability of the system with input saturation. Finally, the simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于探索群策略鸽群优化的高超声速飞行器飞/发一体化控制

高超声速飞行器飞/发一体化系统具有气流一体化、结构一体化等强飞/发耦合特性,为控制系统的设计带来一定的挑战。针对高超声速飞行器控制系统设计问题,首先在建立高超飞行器飞/发一体化系统模型的基础上,设计了相应的纵向控制律,提出了一种新型的探索群策略鸽群优化算法,并将其应用于高超飞行器飞/发一体化控制参数整定。最后,通过探索群鸽群优化算法对控制参数进行优化,并与基本鸽群优化、粒子群优化进行了对比仿真分析,验证了所提探索群策略鸽群优化算法的可行性和优越性。     

终端约束条件下末端制导律研究综述

现代战场环境的日益复杂化和激烈化,多约束条件下制导律的设计成为研究热点.本文首先介绍了末端制导律的研究背景和研究意义,概述了由于环境的复杂,目标的高机动性,及飞行器运动的非线性、强耦合性和多时变性性等因素带来制导律设计上的困难.然后对具有多终端约束条件下末端制导律的设计方法进行分类,将其分为单终端约束制导律和多终端约束制导律,并对具有终端角度、弹着时间、和终端速度的某一种或几种约束的制导律方法进行归纳总结.最后对下面4种末端制导律的发展趋势进行了展望:三维制导律、制导控制一体化、多飞行器协同制导和多模复合末制导.     

终端角约束鲁棒制导律设计

研究优化制导系统性能,攻击具有终端角度约束地面目标的制导精度问题,存在测量误差的影响。为了提高精确制导律,提出一种考虑信噪比影响的H"非线性末制导律。以导弹与目标在纵向平面内的二维相对非线性运动为研究对象,建立弹目运动学模型,考虑信噪比的影响,以攻击末端姿态角度误差及控制能量最小为性能指标,基于准平行准则根据H∞理论设计鲁棒末制导律,并用Lyapunov稳定性理论严格证明了制导系统的全局渐近稳定性。最后根据制导精度及角约束条件给出量测系统测量信号的信噪比进行仿真,结果表明,设计的末制导律满足终端角度约束的要求,并提高了制导精度,为系统提供了依据。     

Flatness-based hypersonic reentry guidance of a lifting-body vehicle

This paper deals with the design of a guidance algorithm for the hypersonic phase of a lifting-body vehicle. The guidance strategy is based on a particular kind of nonlinear dynamic inversion, the so-called flatness approach. The main advantage of this approach is that the longitudinal guidance law is in-flight self-adaptive to any feasible hypersonic trajectory and can be written in analytical form with a small set of design parameters. Therefore, the required on-board computational resources are limited, and a reduced off-line design effort is needed for the change of vehicle parameters. Moreover, the closed-loop longitudinal guidance commands are computed on-board in a coupled way without relying on an explicit deceleration profile. Consequently, the approach leads to an efficient management of the degree of freedom associated with the angle-of-attack. PID controllers are then designed based on the longitudinal flat model in order to circumvent uncertainties and parameters dispersions. The crossrange is controlled by a series of bank reversals determined by an azimuth error deadband. The robustness and performance of the proposed guidance law are assessed by performing Monte Carlo runs with various sets of dispersions.     

火箭飞行测控数据野值处理及其无迹Kalman滤波

为了提高火箭飞行测量数据处理的精度,提出一种用于非线性系统的、抗野值的、基于无迹变换的Kalman滤波算法的改进方法——抗野值的无迹卡尔曼滤波算法（UKF）,对火箭飞行测控系统中的目标进行位置及运行轨迹估计。该算法以少量的采样点表示随机变量的分布,通过非线性系统传播,实时地对滤波增益进行调整,将检测数据中的野值剔除。将算法应用于航天测控系统跟踪运载火箭系统中,通过Monte Carlo仿真,说明改进的方法能有效地消除野值对测控系统检测数据处理的影响,提高了滤波精度。     

快速机动发射运载火箭测发控系统的设计分析与展望

快速机动发射运载火箭担负着快速进入太空的使命,其配套的测发控系统需要适应快速机动发射运载火箭总体的简易、快速响应体制,达到短时间内实现快速测发的目标。通过对国内现有的XX-11、XX-1A、ZQ-1、XX-6等具有代表性的快速机动发射运载火箭测发控系统进行分析,总结归纳其技术特点,并对快速机动发射运载火箭测发控系统的未来发展作出展望。     

HGV平衡滑翔式轨迹可达区域计算方法研究

针对滑翔式高超声速飞行器(HGV)平衡滑翔轨迹可达区域的高精度快速计算问题,研究了一种基于降阶动力学模型和连续凸优化方法的可达区域计算方法。首先,根据“准平衡滑翔假设”条件,将再入飞行器三自由度动力学方程进行降阶处理,得到以速度为自变量的三阶动力学方程。然后,将可达区域计算问题描述为一系列满足再入走廊约束和初、末状态约束下的横程最大优化问题,将动力学方程进行线性化、离散化处理后,采用连续凸优化方法对该问题进行求解,得到了滑翔飞行器不同末端速度下的可达区域。最后,以CAV-H飞行器模型为例进行了仿真验证,结果表明,该方法具有较高的求解效率和可达区域计算精度。     

基于Radau伪谱法的重复使用运载器再入轨迹优化

为了提高数值解法的收敛速度,本文利用Radau伪谱法求解重复使用运载器的再入轨迹优化问题.该方法在一组Legendre-Gauss-Radau点上构造全局Lagrange插值多项式对状态变量和控制变量进行逼近,在动力学方程中状态变量对时间的导数可由插值多项式的导数来近似,故可将动力学方程约束转化为在Legendre-Gauss-Radau点上的代数微分方程约束.因此,可将连续时间的最优控制问题转化为有限维的非线性规划(NLP)问题,之后通过稀疏NLP求解器SNOPT即可对其进行求解.最后的仿真结果显示,通过该方法优化后的再入轨迹成功满足过程约束与边界约束.由于该方法的高效率和高精度特性,可将其应用于轨迹快速优化工程实际问题中.     

基于飞行时间估计带时间约束的末制导律设计

针对某些导弹要求限制末端攻击时间的作战要求,本文提出一种带末端攻击时间约束的新型制导律。所提出的制导律是通过线性最优控制方法的解而得到的,该制导律是比例导引律和攻击时间误差反馈的组合,此攻击时间误差有别于通过比例导引律所设定的攻击时间。本文用到飞行时间估算方法来完善所提出的制导律。所得制导律形式简单、实用。数字仿真结果证明所提出的制导律能够导引多枚导弹在期望的攻击时间同时命中固定目标。     

Prescribed-performance fault-tolerant control for feedback linearisable systems with an aircraft application

This paper investigates fault-tolerant control (FTC) for feedback linearisable systems (FLSs) and its application to an aircraft. To ensure desired transient and steady-state behaviours of the tracking error under actuator faults, the dynamic effect caused by the actuator failures on the error dynamics of a transformed model is analysed, and three control strategies are designed. The first FTC strategy is proposed as a robust controller, which relies on the explicit information about several parameters of the actuator faults. To eliminate the need for these parameters and the input chattering phenomenon, the robust control law is later combined with the adaptive technique to generate the adaptive FTC law. Next, the adaptive control law is further improved to achieve the prescribed performance under more severe input disturbance. Finally, the proposed control laws are applied to an air-breathing hypersonic vehicle (AHV) subject to actuator failures, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.     

Robust fuzzy 3D path following for autonomous underwater vehicle subject to uncertainties

This paper addresses a three-dimensional (3D) path following control problem for underactuated autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) subject to both internal and external uncertainties. A two-layered framework synthesizing the 3D guidance law and heuristic fuzzy control is proposed to achieve robust adaptive following along a predefined path. In the first layer, a 3D guidance controller for underactuated AUV is presented to guarantee the stability of path following in the kinematics stage. In the second layer, a heuristic adaptive fuzzy algorithm based on the guidance command and feedback linearization Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is developed in the dynamics stage to account for the nonlinear dynamics and system uncertainties, including inaccuracy modelling parameters and time-varying environmental disturbances. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of the heuristic fuzzy controller is presented. Against most existing methods for 3D path following, the proposed robust fuzzy control scheme reduces the design and implementation costs of complicated dynamics controller, and relaxes the knowledge of the accuracy dynamics modelling and environmental disturbances. Finally, numerical simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control framework and illustrate the outperformance of the proposed controller as well.     

运载火箭测发控技术未来发展与展望

工业电子、测试、测控、仪表、大数据、云平台等技术的发展,为运载火箭测发控技术的发展提供了先进的技术途径;运载火箭箭上电气系统一体化设计,火箭快速测发、健康管理、子级独立测试、异地远程测试发射支持等需求,给测发控系统研制及更新换代提出更高的要求;通过对运载火箭地面测控系统供配电、有线测控、无线测控、数传通信、测发控软件5个组成部分的演变及发展方向进行了论证分析,并提出了后续测发控系统技术发展的规划路线;同时结合未来运载火箭的发展需求和目前测发控系统现状提出了测发控系统后续发展的可实施途径;最后提出顶层规范技术路径;从型号牵引转变为装备化研制;规范型谱产品研制、箭上地面同步发展的测发控系统设计新思路;为未来运载火箭测发控系统研制提供方向。     

基于粒子群的高超声速飞行器闭环制导研究

对于高超声速飞行器的研究来说,凭借其超高的飞行速度和飞行高度,能够在短时间内飞行更远的距离。为了达到作战要求,需要规划整个飞行轨迹,而最为重要的便是上升段的制导问题。本文以X-33高超声速飞行器模型为研究对象,提出基于粒子群算法的闭环制导策略,实时修正飞行轨迹,使飞行器最终准确到达目标位置;并对该方法的可靠性进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明,基于粒子群算法的闭环制导策略优化精度高,物理概念明确,能满足高超声速飞行器上升段的闭环制导需求。     

Output Feedback Dynamic Surface Controller Design for Airbreathing Hypersonic Flight Vehicle

This paper addresses issues related to nonlinear robust output feedback controller design for a nonlinear model of airbreathing hypersonic vehicle. The control objective is to realize robust tracking of velocity and altitude in the presence of immeasurable states, uncertainties and varying flight conditions. A novel reduced order fuzzy observer is proposed to estimate the immeasurable states. Based on the information of observer and the measured states, a new robust output feedback controller combining dynamic surface theory and fuzzy logic system is proposed for airbreathing hypersonic vehicle. The closedloop system is proved to be semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SUUB), and the tracking error can be made small enough by choosing proper gains of the controller, filter and observer. Simulation results from the full nonlinear vehicle model illustrate the effectiveness and good performance of the proposed control scheme.      

Integrated guidance and control of elastic flight vehicle based on robust MPC

Integrated guidance and control of an elastic flight vehicle based on constrained robust model predictive control is proposed. The design is based on a partial state feedback control law that minimizes a cost function within the framework of linear matrix inequalities. It is shown that the solution of the defined optimization problem stabilizes the nonlinear plant. Nonlinear kinematics and dynamics are taken into account, and internal stability of the closed‐loop nonlinear system is guaranteed. The performance and effectiveness of the proposed integrated guidance and control against non‐maneuvering and weaving targets are evaluated using computer simulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimal trajectories for hypersonic launch vehicles

In this paper, we derive a near-optimal guidance law for the ascent trajectory from earth surface to earth orbit of a hypersonic, dual-mode propulsion, lifting vehicle. Of interest are both the optimal flight path and the optimal operation of the propulsion system. The guidance law is developed from the energy-state approximation of the equations of motion. Because liquid hydrogen fueled hypersonic aircraft are volume sensitive, as well as weight sensitive, the cost functional is a weighted sum of fuel mass and volume; the weighting factor is chosen to minimize gross take-off weight for a given payload mass and volume in orbit.