An intelligent fault diagnosis method based on wavelet packer analysis and hybrid support vector machines

In this paper, a new intelligent method for the fault diagnosis of the rotating machinery is proposed based on wavelet packet analysis (WPA) and hybrid support machine (hybrid SVM). In fault diagnosis for mechanical systems, information about stability and mutability can be further acquired through WPA from original signal. The faulty vibration signals obtained from a rotating machinery are decomposed by WPA via Dmeyer wavelet. A new multi-class fault diagnosis algorithm based on 1-v-r SVM approach is proposed and applied to rotating machinery. The extracted features are applied to hybrid SVM for estimating fault type. Compared to conventional back-propagation network (BPN), the superiority of the hybrid SVM method is shown in the success of fault diagnosis. The test results of hybrid SVM demonstrate that the applying of energy criterion to vibration signals after WPA is a very powerful and reliable method and hence estimating fault type on rotating machinery accurately and quickly.     

Support Vector Machines for classification and locating faults on transmission lines

This paper presents a new approach to classify fault types and predict the fault location in the high-voltage power transmission lines, by using Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Wavelet Transform (WT) of the measured one-terminal voltage and current transient signals. Wavelet entropy criterion is applied to wavelet detail coefficients to reduce the size of feature vector before classification and prediction stages. The experiments performed for different kinds of faults occurred on the transmission line have proved very good accuracy of the proposed fault location algorithm. The fault classification error is below 1% for all tested fault conditions. The average error of fault location in a 380 kV–360-km transmission line is below 0.26% and the maximum error did not exceed 0.95 km.     

Generalized neural network and wavelet transform based approach for fault location estimation of a transmission line

To maintain the efficient and reliable operation of power systems, it is extremely important that the transmission line faults need to be detected and located in a reliable and accurate manner. A number of mathematical and intelligent techniques are available in the literature for estimating the fault location. However, the results are not satisfactory due to the wide variation in operating conditions such as system loading level, fault inception instance, fault resistance and dc offset and harmonics contents in the transient signal of the faulted transmission line. Keeping in view of aforesaid, a new approach based on generalized neural network (GNN) with wavelet transform is presented for fault location estimation. Wavelet transform is used to extract the features of faulty current signals in terms of standard deviation. Obtained features are used as an input to the GNN model for estimating the location of fault in a given transmission systems. Results obtained from GNN model are compared with ANN and well established mathematical models and found more accurate.     

基于多尺度小波包分析的肺音特征提取与分类

提出了一种适于非平稳肺音信号的特征提取方法.以4种肺音信号（正常、气管炎、肺炎和哮喘）为样本数据,通过分析肺音信号的时频分布特点,选择了具有任意多分辨分解特性的小波包.对小波包进行空间划分后找到了适合肺音特征提取的最优基,并基于最优基对肺音信号进行快速多尺度的分解,得到了各级节点的高维小波系数矩阵,建立了小波系数与信号能量在时域上的等价关系,并将能量作为特征值,构造了低维的作为分类神经网络的输入特征矢量,大大降低了输入特征的维数.研究表明该算法的识别性能是高效的.     

Spur bevel gearbox fault diagnosis using wavelet packet transform and rough set theory

The gearbox is an important component in industrial drives, providing safe and reliable operation for industrial production. Wavelet packet transform (WPT) analysis was used to extract fault features in the vibration signals generated by a gearbox. The extracted features from the WPT were used as input in a rough set (RS) for attribute reduction and then combined with a genetic algorithm to obtain global optimal attribute reduction results. The fault features gained after the attribute reductions were used to generate decision rules. The unknown gear status signal attributes were used as input to match the generated decision rules for fault diagnosis purposes. Gearbox vibration signals contain a significant amount of gear status information; a WPT has an acute portion-locked ability to extract attribute information from the vibration signals. However, WPT frequency aliasing would lead to the generation of spurious frequency components, affecting gear fault diagnosis. In this paper, we introduce an improved WPT to eliminate frequency aliasing, thus improving the accuracy of fault diagnosis. This paper studies the use of wavelet packet for feature extraction and the RS for classification; the results demonstrate that this method can accurately and reliably detect failure modes in a gearbox.     

Application of an intelligent classification method to mechanical fault diagnosis

A new method for intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery based on wavelet packet transform (WPT), empirical mode decomposition (EMD), dimensionless parameters, a distance evaluation technique and radial basis function (RBF) network is proposed in this paper. In this method, WPT and EMD are, respectively, used to preprocess vibration signals to mine fault characteristic information more accurately. Then, dimensionless parameters in time domain are extracted from each of the original vibration signals and preprocessed signals to form a combined feature set. Moreover, the distance evaluation technique is utilised to calculate evaluation factors of the combined feature set. Finally, according to the evaluation factors, the corresponding sensitive features are selected and input into the RBF network to automatically identify different machine operation conditions. An experiment of rolling element bearings is carried out to test the performance of the proposed method. The experimental result demonstrates that the method combining WPT, EMD, the distance evaluation technique and the RBF network may accurately extract fault information and select sensitive features, and therefore it may correctly diagnose the different fault categories occurring in the bearings. Furthermore, this method is applied to slight rub fault diagnosis of a heavy oil catalytic cracking unit, the actual result shows the method may be applied to fault diagnosis of rotating machinery effectively.     

Fault feature extraction of rolling element bearings based on wavelet packet transform and sparse representation theory

Extracting reliable features from vibration signals is a key problem in machinery fault recognition. This study proposes a novel sparse wavelet reconstruction residual (SWRR) feature for rolling element bearing diagnosis based on wavelet packet transform (WPT) and sparse representation theory. WPT has obtained huge success in machine fault diagnosis, which demonstrates its potential for extracting discriminative features. Sparse representation is an increasingly popular algorithm in signal processing and can find concise, high-level representations of signals that well matches the structure of analyzed data by using a learned dictionary. If sparse coding is conducted with a discriminative dictionary for different type signals, the pattern laying in each class will drive the generation of a unique residual. Inspired by this, sparse representation is introduced to help the feature extraction from WPT-based results in a novel manner: (1) learn a dictionary for each fault-related WPT subband; (2) solve the coefficients of each subband for different classes using the learned dictionaries and (3) calculate the reconstruction residual to form the SWRR feature. The effectiveness and advantages of the SWRR feature are confirmed by the practical fault pattern recognition of two bearing cases.     

基于小波分析的高速列车车体运行状态估计

基于监测数据评估高速列车空气弹簧和横向减振器等关键部件的运行状态, 针对车体垂向加速度振动信号, 提出了小波包能量矩的列车状态估计方法。首先分析车体垂向振动特征, 对不同工况和不同速度下的信号进行小波包分解, 并重构能量较大的频带信号, 再计算各频带的小波包能量矩特征, 不同频带信号的小波包能量矩变化反映了列车运行状态的改变。将不同频带的小波包能量矩组成特征向量, 最后用支持向量机进行故障识别。实验数据仿真分析表明, 列车空簧失气故障和横向减振器失效故障识别率为100%, 说明该方法能很好地估计出高速列车的故障状态。     

基于改进阈值和小波包的轴承故障诊断方法

为了准确有效地确定滚动轴承的故障部位,提出一种轴承故障诊断的新方法。用改进的小波阈值法对轴承振动信号进行降噪处理,对去噪后的信号进行小波包分解与重构,提取各重构子带内的信号特征作为故障诊断的样本,依据各子带信号的能量分布特征判断轴承的故障部位。在MATLAB环境下对SKF6205-2RS轴承的典型故障进行了仿真研究,结果表明改进的阈值法相比于传统去噪方法有较好的去噪效果,小波包能够准确提取信号的故障特征,能够提高轴承故障检测的准确性和有效性。     

基于离散小波变换的输电线路故障精准定位

为了提高架空线路和地下电缆组合输电线路发生故障时的定位精度,提出了一种基于离散小波变换(DWT)的输电线路故障定位新方法。通过DWT对输电线路单端测得的瞬态信号进行多分辨率分析(MRA),在低故障起始角情况下,利用线模电流和零模电流检测故障,结合小波模量极大值(WMM)求解从故障点到变电站的行波到达时间,从而对输电线路故障进行精准定位。采用半正弦电压响应的方法克服了采样频率有限和故障起始角低的缺点,运用100kHz半正弦信号的发送时间与接收导数信号的时间之差计算故障距离。在考虑谐波畸变和故障电阻、接地电阻、故障位置和起始角变化的情况下对所提方法进行测试,结果表明：对于100km的输电线路,即使在故障靠近总线（<2%）且故障起始角较低的情况下,所提出的方法得到的故障定位误差仅为0.14km。     

基于小波包分析的滚动轴承故障特征提取

简述了小波包分析的基本原理及其用于特征提取的机理,利用小波包对滚动轴承振动加速度信号进行分解,求出各频率段的能量,并以此作为滚动轴承所发生故障的特征向量进行提取,从而识别出滚动轴承的故障,通过对于实测信号的分析证明了该方法的有效性,体现了小波包分析的优良性。     

小波包特征熵在级联式变频器故障诊断中的应用

为精确诊断级联式变频器功率器件开路故障,提出了一种基于小波包特征熵的故障信号提取方法.对采集到的级联式变频器相电压信号进行三层小波包分解,提取特征熵构造电压信号的特征熵向量,并以此作为故障诊断样本,利用概率神经网络进行故障诊断.仿真结果表明,基于小波包特征熵的信号提取方法在级联式变频器故障诊断的应用中具有较高的有效性与可行性.     

A modular neuro-wavelet based non-unit protection scheme for zone identification and fault location in six-phase transmission line

To overcome the constraints on land availability, infrastructure and environmental problems, six-phase transmission lines have been proposed as a potential alternative to increase the power transfer capability of existing transmission lines without major modification in the existing structure of three-phase double-circuit system. The non-availability of a proper protection scheme due to large number of possible faults has been the prime reason behind the low popularity and acceptance of six-phase system. In this regard, the present work proposes a protection scheme for six-phase transmission line based on the hybridization of discrete wavelet transform and modular artificial neural network. The fault information (approximate coefficients) in the voltage and current signals is captured using discrete wavelet transform. The standard deviation of the coefficients of voltage and current signals in each phase is then computed and given as input to modular artificial neural network, which aims at identifying the faulty section/zone and estimate its location. Test results exhibit that the proposed scheme effectively discriminates the faulted section and estimates the fault location with maximum error of 0.675 %. It offers primary protection to the total line length and also provides remote backup protection for the adjacent reverse section of the line using data at relaying point only and thus avoids the need of a communication link.

     

基于小波包神经网络的模拟电路故障诊断

提出了基于小波多分辨分析和小波包预处理的模拟电路故障诊断方法。该方法用小波作为信号预处理工具,经小波多分辨分析得到N层分解后的低频和高频信号,再利用小波包分析对多分辨分析没有细分的高频信号进一步分解,以达到提高频率分解率的目的。经PCA分析和归一化后的能量作为训练样本送入BP神经网络进行训练。仿真实验表明此方法能够快速有效的对模拟电路的故障进行诊断和定位。     

基于Tsallis小波熵的变压器励磁涌流识别方法

针对变压器励磁涌流和内部故障电流识别的热点问题,为了有效克服香农熵在对信号的小波分解系数进行特征提取时具有局限性的缺陷,达到提高识别的有效性和快速性的目的。提出了基于Tsallis小波能量熵和时间熵判据的变压器励磁涌流和内部故障电流的识别新方法。该方法将小波分析与Tsallis熵结合对变压器暂态信号进行分析,在小波能量谱的基础上,得到Tsallis小波能量熵判据,并根据时间熵的定义得到Tsallis小波时间熵判据,综合利用两种判据对暂态信号进行识别。该方法不仅可以成功识别励磁涌流,并且提高了识别的准确性、可靠性和灵敏性。MATLAB/Simulink仿真实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性和准确性。     

Classification of power system disturbances using support vector machines

This paper presents an effective method based on support vector machines (SVM) for identification of power system disturbances. Because of its advantages in signal processing applications, the wavelet transform (WT) is used to extract the distinctive features of the voltage signals. After the wavelet decomposition, the characteristic features of each disturbance waveforms are obtained. The wavelet energy criterion is also applied to wavelet detail coefficients to reduce the sizes of data set. After feature extraction stage SVM is used to classify the power system disturbance waveforms and the performance of SVM is compared with the artificial neural networks (ANN).     

Fault diagnosis of rolling bearing based on back propagation neural network optimized by cuckoo search algorithm

In order to improve the accuracy of rolling bearing fault diagnosis in mechanical equipment, a new fault diagnosis method based on back propagation neural network optimized by cuckoo search algorithm is proposed. This method use the global search ability of the cuckoo search algorithm to constantly search for the best weights and thresholds, and then give it to the back propagation neural network. In this paper, wavelet packet decomposition is used for feature extraction of vibration signals. The energy values of different frequency bands are obtained through wavelet packet decomposition, and they are input as feature vectors into optimized back propagation neural network to identify different fault types of rolling bearings. Through the three sets of simulation comparison experiments of Matlab, the experimental results show that, Under the same conditions, compared with the other five models, the proposed back propagation neural network optimized by cuckoo search algorithm has the least number of training iterations and the highest diagnostic accuracy rate. And in the complex classification experiment with the same fault location but different bearing diameters, the fault recognition correct rate of the back propagation neural network optimized by cuckoo search algorithm is 96.25%.

     

多采样频率的配网接地故障检测与定位

现有文献的故障监测与定位小波算法都是在录波采样频率相同的前提下进行的,配电网小电流接地故障实时检测,与变电站接地故障检测的环境完全不同：配网故障监测装置,采用不同标准采样频率(3600Hz、4800Hz)上送实时故障录波数据到配网中心,更有采用4096Hz的采样频率上送故障录波数据,在配网中心需要把不同采样频率的录波数据进行分析计算,提取故障特征、检测故障,确定故障首尾端,实现故障检测与定位。本文给出了小波能量特征的定义、不同采样频率能量特征的折算、基于能量特征的配电网接地故障监测与定位算法。多种采样频率下配网接地故障检测与定位,通过小波变换提取故障能量特征、将不同采样频率故障录波信号,折算到最低采样频率下的能量特征,然后根据能量特征来判别故障类型、确定故障首尾端。多采样频率的小波能量特征折算算法,对于类似的小波变换的使用场合,也有借鉴意义。     

基于小波包频带能量检测技术的故障诊断

在机械设备的在线检测和故障诊断中,振动信号分析是十分重要的手段。小波包变换能将振动信号按任意时频分辨率分解到不同频段,而各频段信号的能量变化包含着丰富的信息。在机械设备运行正常和非正常两种状况下,小波包分解后各频段信号的能量谱尺度图有明显差异。将小波包能量谱尺度图检测方法用于轴承振动信号的诊断处理,验证了该检测方法有效、可行,为机械故障诊断提供了一条新的途径。     

基于小波包分析及神经网络的汽轮机转子振动故障诊断

根据Bently实验台所采集的碰摩、松动、不对中、不平衡4种典型汽轮机转子振动故障信号,运用小波包分析方法对其进行能量分析并提取故障特征.分析结果表明:小波包分析与信号能量分解的故障特征提取方法,可以获得汽轮机转子振动的故障状态,有较好的故障区分度;另外由于经过小波包分解再重构后所提取的故障特征参数浓缩了汽轮机转子振动故障的全部信息,而BP神经网络具有优良的非线性映射能力,对提取的故障特征参数应用BP神经网络映射,可对汽轮机转子振动故障进行进一步的诊断.诊断结果表明:基于小波包分析及神经网络的故障诊断方法,具有较高的故障识别能力.