用AutoCAD绘制轴测图方法综述

手工绘制轴测图过程通常较繁,目前工程图样基本上使用计算机绘制。使用AutoCAD绘轴测图的方法与手工作图方法既有相似之处又有很大的不同。本文根据作者多年来在AutoCAD教学实践中所积累的经验,介绍了使用AutoCAD绘制轴测图的四种方法。其中方法一至三是利用AutoCAD原有的功能生成轴测图,方法四是本文独创性的方法,该方法借助于AutoCAD的二维编辑命令来直接生成轴测图。对四种方法进行了比较并论述了各种方法的适用范围。     

压力容器设计系统PVCAD 2000和PVS98

一压力容器CAD系统(PVCAD 2000)1基本内容压力容器CAD系统可进行普通卧式容器和立式容器的筒体封头接管支座吊耳补强圈人孔手孔视镜液面计视镜筒体法兰接管法兰密封垫片法兰盖弯头管接头焊缝接点图等参数化设计绘图以及技术特性表管口表零件明细表等自动生成,如图1所示AutoCAD用户化的二次开发模块在R14/2000强大的二三维实体绘制编辑构造等各种功能基础上增加和强化了以下模块把机械设计绘图工程数据库与AutoCAD有机地结合在一起为新结构的设计提供了完备的环境包括1AutoCAD汉化环境 汉化屏幕下拉菜单和对话框提供八种(或更多)…     

Auto CAD图形汉字标注技巧

0引言经常使用AutoCAD软件的用户都会感到：若给非汉化的AutoCAD软件生成的图形标注汉字说明等是绘图过程中比较困难的部分。因为，用非汉化的AutoCAD软件生成图形后，图中标注的汉字只能在AutoCAD以外，用其他的方法生成汉字，然后再将其与图形结合在一起。这样一来，不论是从图形的美观上，还是从绘图的速度上都要受到一些影响；若直接在汉化的AutoCAD软件下绘图，虽然图形的汉字标注问题解决了，但是随着AutoCAD版本的不断地更新，功能不断地增强，所需的存储磁盘空间也不断地增大，对于个人计算机而言，造成用户较大的应用程…     

基于VBA和VLISP的高压走廊数据处理系统开发

介绍了AutoCAD、Excel的ActiveX对象模型,用VBA方法Excel表格读取及与CAD通信、用VLISP开发图幅裁剪、数据输出、统一菜单方法等数据处理的技术要点,开发和介绍了高压走廊竣工测量处理系统的功能.该软件直接在AutoCAD 2000和Excel2000环境下运行,实际应用效果良好.     

用VBA开发AutoCAD标准图纸图栏系统

文中介绍了AutoCAD2000环境下用VBA开发绘制标准图纸图栏的应用程序，实现图框，标题栏、明细栏等的自动创建与编辑，从而大幅提高设计绘图的工作效益。     

AutoCAD2000下的VBA在测绘工作中的应用

简单介绍了AutoCAD2000r VBA的系统内容和一些简单功能，VB是微软公司推出的可视化BASIC语言，用它来编程非常简单。Autodesk公司将VB的一部分代码结合到AutoCAD2000中，形成了VBA应用。利用VBA的强大计算功能和AutoCAD2000的强大绘图功能，在AutoCAD2000下编写VBA程序，可以成倍地提高工作效率。     

基于VBA技术的机械制图试卷自动生成系统研究与开发

对基于AutoCAD的VBA技术进行了探讨和研究。运用基于中文AutoCAD 2000 VBA开发工具，开发了基于Auto-CAD平台的机械制图试卷自动生成系统。详细阐述了系统及其各模块的功能和原理。为基于图形的试卷生成系统的开发探索了新的途径和方法。     

AutoCAD技术在编制和分析隧洞地质展示图中的应用

针对隧洞地质展示图的重要性及其手工图所存在的缺陷，本介绍了AutoCAD着重阐述了原始资料的录入、图幅翻转、图形编辑和结构面出露线的理论校核以及应用AutoCAD内嵌语言Autolisp实现隧洞横剖面图和高程平切面图的自动生成技术。该程序已成功地应用于小浪底流洞示图的编制和洞室区岩体结构与稳定空间分析。     

用AutoCAD 2000 VBA 技术显示有限元计算的应力

应用AutoCAD 2000 VBA技术在AutoCAD2000下显示有限元计算结构任一截面任一指定方向上的应力图线。用AutoCAD的点实体描述结构的结点，该方法算法简单、速度快、易于实现，是显示有限元计算应力的一种有效方法。     

提高AutoCAD绘图效率的技巧

笔者在多年从事计算机二维机械图绘制的过程中，发现以下几种能够提高绘图效率的方法往往被初学者忽视。这些方法在AutoCAD R14或AutoCAD2000中均可使用。1.直接距离法定点AutoCAD中确定点的方法有相对坐标、绝对坐标及点捕捉法，坐标输入方式有直角坐标或极坐标法。一般最常用     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。